粘

See also: 黏

粘 U+7C98, 粘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7C98 ← 粗 [U+7C97] CJK Unified Ideographs 粙 → [U+7C99]

Translingual

Han character

粘 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+5, 11 strokes, Cangjie input 火木卜口 (FDYR), four-corner 9196₀, composition ⿰米占)

Derived characters

• 𦟶, 𬖭, 𬖷, 𫃔, 𭟀, 𭲲, 𬗀

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 907, character 40
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26901
• Dae Jaweon: page 1334, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3144, character 12
• Unihan data for U+7C98

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (占) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
頕	*taːm
煔	*ɦlaːm, *hljems, *hl'eːms
炶	*ɦlaːm
詀	*rteːm, *rdeːms, *teːm, *tʰjeb
站	*rteːms
檆	*sreːm
黏	*nem
粘	*nem
枮	*slem, *ʔl'ɯm
霑	*tem
沾	*tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm
覘	*tems, *tʰem
鉆	*tʰem, *ɡrem, *tʰeːb
占	*ʔljem, *tjems
颭	*tjemʔ
佔	*tjems, *teːm
苫	*hljem, *hljems
痁	*hljem, *teːms
蛅	*njem
阽	*lem
敁	*teːm
掂	*tiːm
點	*teːmʔ
玷	*teːmʔ, *teːms
店	*tiːms
坫	*tiːms, *tim
黇	*tʰeːm
扂	*deːmʔ
拈	*neːm
鮎	*neːm
砧	*ʔl'ɯm
笘	*teːb
跕	*teːb, *tʰeːb
貼	*tʰeːb
帖	*tʰeːb
怗	*tʰeːb
呫	*tʰeːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *nem): semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems) – glutinous, sticky rice.

Etymology 1

trad.		粘
simp. #		粘

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zhān (zhan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җан (žan, I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): nim¹ / nim⁴ / zim¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiam / liâm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): liam¹ / niam¹ / niang¹ / liam⁵ / niam⁵ / niang⁵ / ziam¹ / ziang¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹gni

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhān
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhan
    • Wade–Giles: chan¹
    • Yale: jān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jan
    • Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җан (žan, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂæ̃²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: nim¹ / nim⁴ / zim¹
    • Yale: nīm / nìhm / jīm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: nim¹ / nim⁴ / dzim¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: nim¹ / nim⁴ / jim¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niːm⁵⁵/, /niːm²¹/, /t͡siːm⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiam
    • Tâi-lô: tsiam
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciafm
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siam³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siam⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâm
    • Tâi-lô: liâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liaam
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /liam²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /liam¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /liam²³/

Note:

• chiam/liâm - literary;
• chiam - vernacular (Zhangzhou).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: liam¹ / niam¹ / niang¹ / liam⁵ / niam⁵ / niang⁵ / ziam¹ / ziang¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liam / niam / niang / liâm / niâm / niâng / tsiam / tsiang
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liam³³/, /niam³³/, /niaŋ³³/, /liam⁵⁵/, /niam⁵⁵/, /niaŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡siam³³/, /t͡siaŋ³³/

Note:

• liam1/liam5/ziam1 - Chaozhou;
• niam1/niam5 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai;
• niang1/niang5/ziang1 - Chenghai.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹gni
    • MiniDict: nyi^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹'nyi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲi⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: nrjem

Rime
Character	粘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	娘 (12)
Final (韻)	鹽 (154)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	女廉切
Baxter	nrjem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɳˠiᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/ɳᵚiɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/niæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɳjiam/
Li Rong	/njɛm/
Wang Li	/nĭɛm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ni̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	nim4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*nem/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	粘
Reading #	1/1
No.	16699
Phonetic component	占
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	黏
Old Chinese	/*nem/

Definitions

粘

1. to adhere; to stick
2. a surname

Compounds

• 惹草粘花
• 沾粘
• 粘板岩
• 粘皮帶骨 / 粘皮带骨
• 粘稠 (niánchóu)
• 粘竿
• 粘花惹絮
• 粘花惹草
• 粘著
• 粘補 / 粘补
• 粘貼 / 粘贴
• 粘連 / 粘连
• 腸粘連 / 肠粘连
• 飯粘 / 饭粘

Etymology 2

From Jurchen. The ancestor of the clan was a Jin imperial family member Wanyan Zonghan (完顏宗翰), known as 粘沒喝 / 粘没喝 (Niánmòhē) in Jurchen. His children abandoned their original surname 完顏 / 完颜 (Wányán) and used the first character of their father's given name as their new name so as to avoid persecution by Emperor Xizong of Jin.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Nián (Nian²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄢˊ

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Liâm

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Nián
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Nián
    • Wade–Giles: Nien²
    • Yale: Nyán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Nian
    • Palladius: Нянь (Njanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni̯ɛn³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Liâm
    • Tâi-lô: Liâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liaam
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /liam¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /liam²⁴/

Definitions

粘

1. a surname

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 粘 – see 黏 (“sticky; glutinous; to adhere; to stick”). (This character is a variant form of 黏).

References

• “粘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

粘

(Jōyō kanji)

1. sticky, glutinous
2. to stick to, to cling to
3. to persevere

Readings

• Go-on: ねん (nen, Jōyō)^{←ねん (nen, historical)←ねむ (nemu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: でん (den)^{←でん (den, historical)←でむ (demu, ancient)}
• Kun: ねばる (nebaru, 粘る, Jōyō)

Korean

Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 념 (nyeom) based on Middle Chinese 粘 (MC nrjem).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 념 (Yale: nyem) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʌ̹m]
• Phonetic hangul: [점]

Hanja

粘 (eumhun 붙을 점 (buteul jeom))

1. hanja form^? of 점 (“sticky”)

Compounds

• 점괴 (粘塊, jeomgoe)
• 점도 (粘度, jeomdo)
• 점막 (粘膜, jeommak)
• 점성 (粘性, jeomseong)
• 점질 (粘質, jeomjil)
• 점착 (粘着, jeomchak)
• 점착제 (粘着劑, jeomchakje)
• 점체 (粘體, jeomche)
• 점토 (粘土, jeomto)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

粘: Hán Việt readings: niêm
粘: Nôm readings: rơm, nem, chiêm, dính

Etymology 1

Verb

粘 • (niêm)

1. chữ Hán form of niêm (“to stick”)

Etymology 2

Noun

粘 • (nem)

1. chữ Nôm form of nem (“fermented pork; spring roll”)

Etymology 3

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, rơm): semantic 米 (“rice; grain”) + phonetic 占 (chiêm).

Noun

粘 • (rơm)

1. chữ Nôm form of rơm (“straw (dried stalk of a cereal plant)”)