糟

See also: 蹧

糟 U+7CDF, 糟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CDF ← 糞 [U+7CDE] CJK Unified Ideographs 糠 → [U+7CE0]

Translingual

Han character

糟 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+11, 17 strokes, Cangjie input 火木廿田日 (FDTWA), four-corner 9596₆, composition ⿰米曹)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 912, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27104
• Dae Jaweon: page 1339, character 21
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3158, character 2
• Unihan data for U+7CDF

Chinese

trad.		糟
simp. #		糟
2nd round simp.		𮇘
alternative forms		𥽾 醩

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 糟
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (曹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
遭	*ʔsluː
糟	*ʔsluː
醩	*ʔsluːu
傮	*ʔsluː
槽	*ʔsluː, *zluː
曹	*zluː
螬	*zluː
漕	*zluː, *zluːs
嘈	*zluː
艚	*zluː
褿	*zluː
蓸	*zluː
慒	*lju, *zluːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsluː): semantic 米 + phonetic 曹 (OC *zluː). The original version is 𥽾. The radical of the rice perhaps is a reference to the liquor made out of fermented rice (see for instance 鬯) and the original meaning is "unfiltered", referred for instance to liquor and wine.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zāo (zao¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄠ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zou¹
• Gan (Wiktionary): zau¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chô

  (Meixian, Guangdong): zau¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): cău
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): cho / chau

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zao¹ / zo¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tsau

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zao
    • Wade–Giles: tsao¹
    • Yale: dzāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzau
    • Palladius: цзао (czao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zou¹
    • Yale: jōu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzou¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zou¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sou̯⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: zau¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sau⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chô
    • Hakka Romanization System: zo^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zo¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡so²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: zau¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sau⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cău
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sau⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cho
    • Tâi-lô: tso
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zoy
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡so⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɤ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chau
    • Tâi-lô: tsau
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zaw
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sau³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sau⁴⁴/

Note:

• cho/chau(Quanzhou) - literary;
• chau - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: zao¹ / zo¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsau / tso
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sau³³/, /t͡so³³/

Note:

• zao1 - literary;
• zo1 - vernacular.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹tsau
    • MiniDict: tsau^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sɔ⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsaw

Rime
Character	糟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	作曹切
Baxter	tsaw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sɑu/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sɑu/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sɑu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡saw/
Li Rong	/t͡sɑu/
Wang Li	/t͡sɑu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sɑu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zou1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤu/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsluː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	糟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zāo
Middle Chinese	‹ tsaw ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁu/
English	dregs
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	糟
Reading #	1/1
No.	1150
Phonetic component	曹
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	糟
Old Chinese	/*ʔsluː/

Definitions

糟

1. alcohol dregs
2. to preserve food in alcohol or alcohol dregs
3. (informal) awful; messy; terrible; in bad shape
4. to decay; to decompose; to spoil
5. (literary, or in compounds) to damage; to cause destruction to; to harm

Synonyms

• (awful):

Dialectal synonyms of 壞 (“bad; not good”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		惡
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		壞
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	壞, 賴
	Taiwan	壞
	Malaysia	壞
	Singapore	壞
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	壞, 孬, 賴
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	瞎, 壞
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	壞
	Wuhan	壞, 拐
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	壞
	Hefei	壞
Cantonese	Guangzhou	壞, 弊, 衰
	Hong Kong	壞, 衰
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	衰
	Yangjiang	壞
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	衰
	Singapore (Guangfu)	衰
Gan	Nanchang	壞
Hakka	Meixian	壞
	Wuhua (Meilin)	衰
Jin	Taiyuan	賴, 壞
Northern Min	Jian'ou	壞, 獰
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	呆, 否
Southern Min	Xiamen	歹, 䆀
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	歹
	Quanzhou	歹
	Jinjiang	歹
	Nan'an	歹
	Shishi	歹
	Zhangzhou	䆀
	Zhao'an	䆀, 孬
	Tainan	歹
	Penang (Hokkien)	䆀, 歹
	Singapore (Hokkien)	歹
	Manila (Hokkien)	歹
	Datian	歹
	Chaozhou	孬
	Shantou	孬
	Jieyang	孬, 歹
	Puning	孬
	Singapore (Teochew)	歹, 孬
	Leizhou	㾀
	Wenchang	㾀
	Haikou	㾀
	Singapore (Hainanese)	㾀
Wu	Shanghai	壞, 恘
	Suzhou	壞, 恘
	Ningbo	歪, 推扳, 嘸做
	Wenzhou	毛
Xiang	Changsha	壞, 拐
	Shuangfeng	壞, 拐

• (to decay):

edit

• 壞 / 坏 (huài)
• 朽壞 / 朽坏 (xiǔhuài)
• 朽弊 (xiǔbì) (literary)
• 朽敗 / 朽败 (xiǔbài)
• 朽爛 / 朽烂 (xiǔlàn) (literary)
• 朽腐 (xiǔfǔ)
• 糟朽 (zāoxiǔ) (literary)
• 腐敗 / 腐败 (fǔbài)
• 腐朽 (fǔxiǔ)
• 腐爛 / 腐烂 (fǔlàn)
• 臭爛 / 臭烂 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 䭞 / 𬲳 (Hokkien)

• (to damage):

edit

• 亂 / 乱 (luàn) (literary, or in compounds)
• 僝僽 (chánzhòu) (literary)
• 圮毀 / 圮毁 (pǐhuǐ) (literary)
• 壞 / 坏 (huài)
• 打掉 (dǎdiào)
• 損壞 / 损坏 (sǔnhuài)
• 損毀 / 损毁 (sǔnhuǐ)
• 搗砸 / 捣砸 (dau² zah⁵) (Jin)
• 摧殘 / 摧残 (cuīcán)
• 摧毀 / 摧毁 (cuīhuǐ)
• 毀 / 毁 (huǐ)
• 毀壞 / 毁坏 (huǐhuài)
• 毀損 / 毁损 (huǐsǔn)
• 決裂 / 决裂 (juéliè) (archaic)
• 破 (pò) (literary, or in compounds)
• 破壞 / 破坏 (pòhuài)
• 糟蹋 (zāotà)
• 隳 (huī) (literary, or in compounds)

Compounds

• 一團糟 / 一团糟 (yītuánzāo)
• 不棄糟糠 / 不弃糟糠 (bùqìzāokāng)
• 亂七八糟 / 乱七八糟 (luànqībāzāo)
• 亂糟糟 / 乱糟糟 (luànzāozāo)
• 污糟 (wūzāo)
• 烏七八糟 / 乌七八糟 (wūqībāzāo)
• 破米糟糖
• 糟丘
• 糟坊 (zāofáng)
• 糟心
• 糟擾 / 糟扰
• 糟粕 (zāopò)
• 糟糕 (zāogāo)
• 糟糠 (zāokāng)
• 糠糟
• 糟糠不厭 / 糟糠不厌
• 糟糠之妻 (zāokāngzhīqī)
• 糟糠妻
• 糟老頭兒 / 糟老头儿
• 糟豆腐
• 糟蹋 (zāotà)
• 糟錢兒 / 糟钱儿
• 糟頭 / 糟头
• 貧賤糟糠 / 贫贱糟糠
• 酒糟 (jiǔzāo)
• 酒糟頭 / 酒糟头
• 酒糟鼻 (jiǔzāobí)
• 醪糟 (láozāo)
• 鏖糟
• 餔糟啜醨 / 𫗦糟啜醨
• 餔糟歠醨 / 𫗦糟歠醨

Japanese

Kanji

糟

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: そう (sō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
• Kan-on: そう (sō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
• Kun: かす (kasu, 糟)、もろみ (moromi, 糟)

Definitions

Kanji in this term
糟
かす Hyōgai
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 糟 – see the following entry.

【かすカス】 [noun] [from 934] 粕, 糟: in sake production, the dregs or lees left over after extracting the liquid from the fermented rice mash [noun] [from 1820] 粕, 糟: (figurative) a scolding, terrible criticism (only used in this sense in the set phrase 粕(かす)を食(く)う, 糟(かす)を食(く)う (kasu o kuu, literally “to eat the dregs”)) Alternative spelling 粕

(This term, 糟, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

• “^▲糟”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

糟 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

糟: Hán Nôm readings: tao, tào

1. (literary, only used in compound tao khang) alcohol dregs