紹介
Appearance
See also: 介紹
Chinese
[edit]| connect; to introduce | introduce; lie between; between | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (紹介) | 紹 | 介 | |
| simp. (绍介) | 绍 | 介 | |
| anagram | 介紹/介绍 | ||
Etymology
[edit]According to Sima Zhen's Commentaries on the Shiji (《史記索隱》), the original meaning of 紹介 / 绍介 (shàojiè) could be understood in the light of the 禮/礼 (lǐ, “etiquette”) for audience. Before meeting in person, the guest passes messages to the host through a series of attendants who are called 介 (jiè, “intermediary”). The word 紹/绍 (shào, “continually, serially”) describes the manner in which messages are relayed.
- 平原君曰:「勝請爲紹介而見之於先生。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Píngyuánjūn yuē: “Shèng qǐng wéi shàojiè ér xiàn zhī yú xiānshēng.” [Pinyin]
- The Lord Pingyuan said: "Please let me, Zhao Sheng, be an intermediary in the series and introduce him to you, venerable sir."
平原君曰:「胜请为绍介而见之于先生。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Reintroduced into Taiwanese Hokkien and Hakka from Japanese 紹介 (shōkai).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: shàojiè
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄠˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shàojiè
- Wade–Giles: shao4-chieh4
- Yale: shàu-jyè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shawjieh
- Palladius: шаоцзе (šaocze)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: siu6 gaai3
- Yale: siuh gaai
- Cantonese Pinyin: siu6 gaai3
- Guangdong Romanization: xiu6 gai3
- Sinological IPA (key): /siːu̯²² kaːi̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: seu-kie
- Hakka Romanization System: seu gie
- Hagfa Pinyim: seu4 gie4
- Sinological IPA: /seu̯⁵⁵ ki̯e⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: seu-kiai
- Hakka Romanization System: seu giai
- Hagfa Pinyim: seu4 giai4
- Sinological IPA: /seu̯⁵⁵ ki̯ai̯⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: shauˇ gaiˇ
- Sinological IPA: /ʃau¹¹ kai¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: dzyewX keajH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*djewʔ kreːds/
Verb
[edit]紹介
- (literary or dialectal, chiefly Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka) to introduce
Synonyms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 紹 | 介 |
| しょう Grade: S |
かい Grade: S |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 紹介する
| Plain | 紹介する | しょーかい・する | [shòókáí sùrú] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 紹介して | しょーかい・して | [shòókáí shìté] |
| Perfective | 紹介した | しょーかい・した | [shòókáí shìtá] |
| Negative | 紹介しない | しょーかい・しない | [shòókáí shìnáí] |
| Negative perfective | 紹介しなかった | しょーかい・しなかった | [shòókáí shìnáꜜkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 紹介すれば | しょーかい・すれば | [shòókáí sùréꜜbà] |
| Past conditional | 紹介したら | しょーかい・したら | [shòókáí shìtáꜜrà] |
| Imperative | 紹介しろ 紹介せよ |
しょーかい・しろ しょーかい・せよ |
[shòókáí shìró] [shòókáí séꜜyò] |
| Volitional | 紹介しよう | しょーかい・しよー | [shòókáí shìyóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 紹介したい | しょーかい・したい | [shòókáí shìtáí] |
| Formal | 紹介します | しょーかい・します | [shòókáí shìmáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 紹介しません | しょーかい・しません | [shòókáí shìmáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 紹介しましょう | しょーかい・しましょー | [shòókáí shìmáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 紹介しました | しょーかい・しました | [shòókáí shìmáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 紹介し 紹介しに |
しょーかい・し しょーかい・しに |
[shòókáí shì] [shòókáí shì ní] |
| Negative continuative | 紹介せず 紹介せずに |
しょーかい・せず しょーかい・せずに |
[shòókáí séꜜzù] [shòókáí séꜜzù nì] |
| Passive | 紹介される | しょーかい・される | [shòókáí sàrérú] |
| Causative | 紹介させる 紹介さす |
しょーかい・させる しょーかい・さす |
[shòókáí sàsérú] [shòókáí sàsú] |
| Potential | 紹介できる | しょーかい・できる | [shòókáí dèkíꜜrù] |
Noun
[edit]- introduction (causing someone to be acquainted)
- explanation; presentation (making something known)
Derived terms
[edit]- 自己紹介 (jikoshōkai)
Verb
[edit]紹介する • (shōkai suru) transitive suru (stem 紹介し (shōkai shi), past 紹介した (shōkai shita))
- introduce
- explain; present
- 2023 May 12, 田村貴昭, quotee, “第211回国会 衆議院 本会議 第25号 令和5年5月12日”, in 国会会議録検索システム[1], 国立国会図書館:
- 私は、委員会質疑で、現場の実態を紹介しました。
- Watashi wa, iinkai shitsugi de, genba no jittai o shōkai shi-mashita.
- During the committee question and answer session, I explained the actual situation on the ground.
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 紹介し | しょうかいし | shōkai shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 紹介し | しょうかいし | shōkai shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 紹介する | しょうかいする | shōkai suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 紹介する | しょうかいする | shōkai suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 紹介すれ | しょうかいすれ | shōkai sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 紹介せよ¹ 紹介しろ² |
しょうかいせよ¹ しょうかいしろ² |
shōkai seyo¹ shōkai shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 紹介される | しょうかいされる | shōkai sareru |
| Causative | 紹介させる 紹介さす |
しょうかいさせる しょうかいさす |
shōkai saseru shōkai sasu |
| Potential | 紹介できる | しょうかいできる | shōkai dekiru |
| Volitional | 紹介しよう | しょうかいしよう | shōkai shiyō |
| Negative | 紹介しない | しょうかいしない | shōkai shinai |
| Negative continuative | 紹介せず | しょうかいせず | shōkai sezu |
| Formal | 紹介します | しょうかいします | shōkai shimasu |
| Perfective | 紹介した | しょうかいした | shōkai shita |
| Conjunctive | 紹介して | しょうかいして | shōkai shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 紹介すれば | しょうかいすれば | shōkai sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- “紹介”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
- Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 紹 | 介 |
Noun
[edit]Categories:
- Classical Chinese terms with quotations
- Chinese terms derived from Japanese
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
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- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
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- Hakka verbs
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- Chinese terms spelled with 紹
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- Chinese literary terms
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- Mandarin terms with quotations
- Japanese terms spelled with 紹 read as しょう
- Japanese terms spelled with 介 read as かい
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