緩
See also: 缓
Translingual
Han character
緩 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 女火月一水 (VFBME), four-corner 22947, composition ⿰糹爰)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 931, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27669
- Dae Jaweon: page 1369, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3429, character 10
- Unihan data for U+7DE9
Chinese
trad. | 緩 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 缓 |
Glyph origin
Originally written as 𦅻. Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɢʷaːnʔ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 爰 (OC *ɢʷan).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): wun6 / wun4
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): hūing
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: huǎn
- Wade–Giles: huan3
- Yale: hwǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hoan
- Palladius: хуань (xuanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu̯än²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: wun6 / wun4
- Yale: wuhn / wùhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: wun6 / wun4
- Guangdong Romanization: wun6 / wun4
- Sinological IPA (key): /wuːn²²/, /wuːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fon / fón
- Hakka Romanization System: fon / fonˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: fon4 / fon3
- Sinological IPA: /fon⁵⁵/, /fon³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hūing
- Sinological IPA (key): /xuiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoǎn
- Tâi-lô: huǎn
- IPA (Quanzhou): /huan²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān
- Tâi-lô: huān
- Phofsit Daibuun: hoan
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /huan²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oǎn
- Tâi-lô: uǎn
- IPA (Quanzhou): /uan²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oān
- Tâi-lô: uān
- Phofsit Daibuun: oan
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /uan²²/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /uan³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Note:
- hoǎn/hoān - literary;
- oǎn/oān - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: huêng2 / huang2 / mang7
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huéng / huáng / māng
- Sinological IPA (key): /hueŋ⁵²/, /huaŋ⁵²/, /maŋ¹¹/
Note:
- huêng2/huang2 - literary (huêng2 - Chaozhou);
- mang7 - semantic (訓讀) (original character is 慢).
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 緩 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /xuan²¹⁴/ |
Harbin | /xuan²¹³/ | |
Tianjin | /xuan¹³/ | |
Jinan | /xuã⁵⁵/ | |
Qingdao | /xuã⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /xuan⁵³/ | |
Xi'an | /xuã⁵³/ | |
Xining | /xuã⁵³/ | |
Yinchuan | /xuan⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /xuɛ̃n⁴⁴²/ | |
Ürümqi | /xuan⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /xuan⁴²/ | |
Chengdu | /xuan⁵³/ | |
Guiyang | /xuan⁴²/ | |
Kunming | /xuã̠⁵³/ | |
Nanjing | /xuaŋ²¹²/ | |
Hefei | /xʊ̃²⁴/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /xuæ̃⁵³/ |
Pingyao | /xuɑŋ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /xuæ̃⁵³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /uø³⁵/ |
Suzhou | /uø⁵¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /ʔuõ⁵³/ | |
Wenzhou | /jy³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /xuɛ³⁵/ |
Tunxi | /xuːə³¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /xõ⁴¹/ |
Xiangtan | /ɦɔn⁴²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /fɵn²¹³/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /fan¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /fon⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /wun²¹/ |
Nanning | /wun³⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /wun²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /huan²²/ /uan²²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /huɑŋ²⁴²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xuiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /maŋ³¹/ 訓讀 | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /nuaŋ³¹/ |
- Middle Chinese: hwanX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤa[n]ʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷaːnʔ/
Definitions
Synonyms
- 展緩/展缓 (zhǎnhuǎn)
- 延宕 (yándàng) (literary)
- 延延 (Hokkien)
- 延後/延后 (yánhòu)
- 延期 (yánqī)
- 延緩/延缓 (yánhuǎn)
- 延誤/延误 (yánwù)
- 延遲/延迟 (yánchí)
- 拖 (tuō)
- 拖宕 (tuōdàng)
- 拖延 (tuōyán)
- 拖拉 (tuōlā)
- 拖磨 (tuōmó) (literary)
- 拖逗 (tuōdòu) (literary)
- 挨 (ái)
- 挨延 (Hokkien)
- 挨稽 (Hokkien)
- 挨臺/挨台 (ngai2 tai2) (Sichuanese)
- 推宕 (tuīdàng) (literary)
- 推延 (tuīyán)
- 捱延 (Hokkien)
- 捱稽 (Hokkien)
- 推遲/推迟 (tuīchí)
- 暫緩/暂缓 (zànhuǎn)
- 稽延 (jīyán) (literary)
- 耗 (regional)
- 耽延 (dānyán)
- 耽擱/耽搁
- 耽誤/耽误
- 貽誤/贻误 (yíwù)
- 遷延/迁延 (qiānyán) (literary)
- 遲延/迟延 (chíyán)
- 遲滯/迟滞 (chízhì)
- 順延/顺延 (shùnyán)
Antonyms
- (slow): 急 (jí)
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
緩
Readings
- Go-on: がん (gan)
- Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
- Kun: ゆるい (yurui, 緩い, Jōyō); ゆるやか (yuruyaka, 緩やか, Jōyō); ゆるむ (yurumu, 緩む, Jōyō); ゆるめる (yurumeru, 緩める, Jōyō); ゆっくり (yukkuri)
Etymology
Kanji in this term |
---|
緩 |
かん Grade: S |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 緩 (MC hwanX).
Pronunciation
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Adjective
緩 • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)?-na (adnominal 緩な (kan na), adverbial 緩に (kan ni))
Inflection
Inflection of 緩
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 緩だろ | かんだろ | kan daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 緩で | かんで | kan de |
Terminal (終止形) | 緩だ | かんだ | kan da |
Attributive (連体形) | 緩な | かんな | kan na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 緩なら | かんなら | kan nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 緩であれ | かんであれ | kan de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 緩ではない 緩じゃない |
かんではない かんじゃない |
kan de wa nai kan ja nai |
Informal past | 緩だった | かんだった | kan datta |
Informal negative past | 緩ではなかった 緩じゃなかった |
かんではなかった かんじゃなかった |
kan de wa nakatta kan ja nakatta |
Formal | 緩です | かんです | kan desu |
Formal negative | 緩ではありません 緩じゃありません |
かんではありません かんじゃありません |
kan de wa arimasen kan ja arimasen |
Formal past | 緩でした | かんでした | kan deshita |
Formal negative past | 緩ではありませんでした 緩じゃありませんでした |
かんではありませんでした かんじゃありませんでした |
kan de wa arimasen deshita kan ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 緩で | かんで | kan de |
Conditional | 緩なら(ば) | かんなら(ば) | kan nara (ba) |
Provisional | 緩だったら | かんだったら | kan dattara |
Volitional | 緩だろう | かんだろう | kan darō |
Adverbial | 緩に | かんに | kan ni |
Degree | 緩さ | かんさ | kansa |
References
Korean
Hanja
緩 • (wan) (hangeul 완, revised wan, McCune–Reischauer wan, Yale wan)
Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 緩 (hoãn, hoán)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Japanese kanji with goon reading がん
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading ゆる・い
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ゆる・やか
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ゆる・む
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ゆる・める
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ゆっくり
- Japanese terms spelled with 緩 read as かん
- Japanese terms read with kan'on
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese lemmas
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