習

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See also: 习

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

習 (radical 124 羽+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 尸一竹日 (SMHA), four-corner 17602, composition ⿱羽白)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 956, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28672
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1402, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3345, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7FD2

Chinese[edit]

trad. 習
simp. 习

Glyph origin[edit]

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 羽 ‎(“wings”) + 日 ‎(“sun”) – to learn to fly, to practice flying.

In current form, 日 (rì, “sun”) has changed to 白 (bái, “white”), so present form is 羽 ‎(“wings”) + 白 ‎(“white”).

Etymology[edit]

Two general semantic fields are found in the senses: "to flap the wings; to flutter" and "to practice". They are generally considered to be the same word, with the link being "to repeatedly flap the wings (in order to learn to fly)", a sense attested in Liji.

Area word:

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 習
Mandarin Beijing /ɕi³⁵/
Harbin /ɕi²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕi⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕi⁴²/
Qingdao /si⁴²/
Zhengzhou /si⁴²/
Xi'an /ɕi²⁴/
Xining /ɕji²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕi¹³/
Lanzhou /ɕi¹³/
Ürümqi /ɕi²¹³/
Wuhan /ɕi²¹³/
Chengdu /ɕi³¹/
Guiyang /ɕi²¹/
Kunming /ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /siʔ⁵/
Hefei /ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /ɕiʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ʑiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ziəʔ³/
Hangzhou /d͡ʑiəʔ²/
Wenzhou /zai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰi²²/
Tunxi /t͡sʰe¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /si²⁴/
Xiangtan /si²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sip̚⁵/
Taoyuan /sip̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sap̚²/
Nanning /t͡sɐp̚²²/
Hong Kong /t͡sap̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sip̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /siʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /si²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /sip̚⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /t͡sip̚³/
Rime
Character 習
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
Final (韻) 緝 (141)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 似入切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ziɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /zip̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /zjep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /zip̚/
Li
Rong		 /ziəp̚/
Wang
Li		 /zĭĕp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /zi̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xí
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 習
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xí
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ zip ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s-ɢʷəp/ (with root *ɢʷəp
English repeat; practice

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 習
Reading # 1/1
No. 13387
Phonetic
component		 習
Rime
group		 緝
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 習
Old
Chinese		 /*ljub/

Definitions[edit]

習

  1. † to flap (the wings); to flutter; to repeatedly flap the wings
  2. to practice; to exercise; to review
    練習 / 练习  ―  liànxí  ―  to practice
  3. to study; to learn
    學習 / 学习  ―  xuéxí  ―  to study
  4. to become familiar with; to be used to
  5. habit, custom
    習慣 / 习惯  ―  xíguàn  ―  habit, custom
  6. trusted follower
  7. to fall into a bad habit
  8. often; frequently
  9. A surname​.
    習近平 / 习近平  ―  Xí Jìnpíng  ―  Xi Jinping

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

See also:
習

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

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Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

習 • ‎(seup) (hangeul 습, McCune-Reischauer sŭp, Yale sup)

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Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

習 (tập, chập, dập, giặp, tấp, xập, sập)

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