胸

See also: 脑 and 胷

Translingual

Han character

胸 (radical 130 肉+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月心山大 (BPUK), four-corner 7722₀, composition ⿰月匈)

References

• KangXi: page 981, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29442
• Dae Jaweon: page 1432, character 32
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2070, character 1
• Unihan data for U+80F8

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		胸

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiōng (xiong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hung¹
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): hiûng
• Min Nan (POJ): heng / hiong
• Wu (WT Romanisation): xion (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: xiōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄥ
    • Wade-Giles: hsiung¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiong
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵/

    • 175px

      (file)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hung¹
    • Yale: hūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hung¹
    • IPA ^(key): /hʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiûng
    • IPA (Siyen, incl. Miaoli): /hi̯uŋ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: heng / hiong
    • Tâi-lô: hing / hiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hefng, hiofng
    • IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ³⁴/, /hiɔŋ³⁴/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • WT Romanisation: xion (T1)
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ʊŋ⁵³/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (胸, reconstructed)
Character (胸), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 曉 (32) Final: 鍾 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 許容切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/hɨoŋ/	/xi̯woŋ/	/xioŋ/	/hioŋ/	/huawŋ/	/xĭwoŋ/	/xioŋ/

Old Chinese pronunciation (胸, reconstructed)
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
胸					13893					凶					東					0					胷					/*qʰoŋ/					胷晚起字，手冊即以代胷

Definitions

胸

1. breast, bosom, chest
2. thorax

Compounds

Derived terms

• 胸中无数

• 胸中有数

• 胸像

• 胸前

• 胸口

• 胸围

• 胸坎, 胸坎儿

• 胸廓

• 胸怀

• 胸无城府

• 胸无宿物

• 胸无点墨

• 胸有成竹

• 胸椎

• 胸章

• 胸罩

• 胸脯, 胸脯儿

• 胸腔

• 胸腹

• 胸膈

• 胸膛

• 胸膜

• 胸膜炎

• 胸臆

• 胸花

• 胸襟

• 胸部

• 胸针

• 胸骨

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Japanese

Kanji

胸

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: く (ku)
• Kan’on: きょう (kyō)
• Kun: むね (mune), むな (muna)

Compounds

Compounds

胸囲 (きょうい) ‎(kyōi): chest girth 胸像 (きょうぞう) ‎(kyōzō): bust (sculpture) 豊胸 (ほうきょう) ‎(hōkyō): an ample bosom, large breasts 胸中 (きょうちゅう) ‎(kyōchū): one's thoughts, one's mind 胸騒 (むなさわ)ぎ ‎(munasawagi): noisy thoughts: a bad feeling about something, uneasiness, foreboding 胸元 (むなもと) ‎(munamoto): neckline

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
胸
むな Grade: 6
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Possibly the original form of mune below.

Cognate with 棟 ‎(muna, “main roofline, roof ridge”), from the underlying idea of central or main portion.

Possibly also cognate with 空, 虚 ‎(muna, “emptiness, void”), from the idea of cavity.

Seldom used in isolation even in Old Japanese. Only found as the first element of compounds in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• IPA^(key): [mɯᵝna̠]

Noun

胸 ‎(hiragana むな, romaji muna)

1. chest, breast
   • 711-712, Kojiki (Kamitsumaki (“First Volume”))

     奴婆多麻能　久路岐美祁斯遠 / 麻都夫佐尓　登理與曾比 / 淤岐都登理　牟那美流登岐 / 波多多藝母　許禮婆布佐波受 / 幣都那美　　曾迩奴岐宇弖

     ぬばたまの　くろきみけしを / まつぶさに とりよそひ / おきつとり むなみるとき / はたたぎも これはふさはず / へつなみ そにだきうて

     nubatama no kuroki mikeshi o / matsubusa ni toriyosohi / oki tsu tori muna miru toki / hatatagi mo kore wa fusawazu / he tsu nami so ni dakiute

     I put on black iris-seed garments with schisandra, and though I fluff up my garments like when the ocean birds look at their chests, I say this is not good and I cast them off into the sea's waves...

2. heart, inner thoughts

Derived terms

Derived terms

胸当 (むなあ)て ‎(munaate): a bib: a cloth covering the chest to protect from dirt or food 胸当 (むなあ)て錐 (ぎり) ‎(munaategiri): a breast drill, gimlet, or awl, with a flat end for pushing with the chest 胸板 (むないた) ‎(munaita): “chest board” → the flat area of the chest; a part of the breastplate in traditional Japanese armor 胸繋 (むながい) ‎(munagai), 鞅 (むながい) ‎(munagai): part of riding tack, a cord or strap running around the chest and through the 四緒手 ‎(shiode, “tie-downs”) on the front of the saddle 鞅 (むなかき) ‎(munakaki): older form of munagai above 胸金物 (むなかなもの) ‎(muna kanamono): metal fittings on the 胸板 ‎(munaita, “breastplate”) 胸勘定 (むなかんじょう) ‎(muna kanjō): thinking in one's head to figure something out before doing it 胸糞 (むなくそ) ‎(muna kuso): “chest shit” → a bad feeling, a strong dislike 胸倉 (むなぐら) ‎(munagura), 胸座 (むなぐら) ‎(munagura): the area where the collar of a kimono or other robe overlaps in front 胸苦 (むなぐる)しい ‎(munagurushii): a feeling of uncomfortable pressure in the chest, as when anxious or distressed 胸黒 (むなぐろ) ‎(munaguro): “black breast” → Pluvialis fulva, the Pacific golden plover 胸気 (むなけ) ‎(munake): unpleasant and upsetting 胸毛 (むなげ) ‎(munage): chest hair 胸先 (むなさき) ‎(muna saki): the solar plexus, the area just below the sternum 胸騒 (むなさわ)ぎ ‎(muna sawagi): “chest noise” → uneasiness, foreboding 胸算 (むなざん) ‎(munazan): thinking in one's head to figure something out before doing it 胸算用 (むなざんよう) ‎(munazan'yō): thinking in one's head to figure something out before doing it 胸簾 (むなすだれ) ‎(muna sudare): “chest screen” → the ribs 胸底 (むなそこ) ‎(muna soko): the bottom of one's heart, one's innermost thoughts 胸高 (むなだか) ‎(munadaka): tying one's 帯 ‎(obi, “sash”) high on one's chest instead of at the waist 胸乳 (むなち) ‎(munachi): breast, boob 胸突 (むなつ)き ‎(munatsuki): a steep slope, as on a hill or mountain 胸突 (むなつ)き八丁 (はっちょう) ‎(munatsuki hatchō): a very steep street or path; the last hard push before reaching a goal 胸尽 (むなづ)くし ‎(munazukushi): the bottom of the chest, the area just below the sternum 胸積 (むなづも)り ‎(munazumori): thinking in one's head to figure something out before doing it 胸 (むな)づわらし ‎(munazuwarashi): very sad or uneasy in a way that makes one's chest constrict 胸鬚 (むなひげ) ‎(muna hige): “chest beard” → chest hair 胸紐 (むなひも) ‎(muna himo): a cord across the chest for holding a kimono or haori closed 胸鰭 (むなびれ) ‎(munabire): “chest fin” → pectoral fin 胸骨 (むなぼね) ‎(munabone): the breastbone, the sternum 胸元 (むなもと) ‎(munamoto), 胸許 (むなもと) ‎(munamoto): the chest; the area in front of the chest 胸焼 (むなや)け ‎(munayake): heartburn (indigestion) 胸分 (むなわ)く ‎(munawaku): to push through bushes or scrub using one's chest, to bushwhack 胸分 (むなわ)け ‎(munawake): pushing through bushes or scrub using one's chest, bushwhacking; the breadth of the chest

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
胸
むね Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Sound shift from muna above, from the fusion of muna with the emphatic nominal particle い ‎(i): /muna i/ → /mune/. Similar to the phonetic process observed in the shift from 神 ‎(kamu, “spirit, god”, older form used in compounds) to 神 ‎(kami, newer form, used as a standalone noun).

Alternatively, may be a compound of 身 ‎(mu, “body”) +‎ 根 ‎(ne, “root”).

Cognate with 棟 ‎(mune, “main roofline, roof ridge”) and 宗, 旨 ‎(mune, “gist, main idea, primary part”), from the underlying idea of central or main portion.

Notably, 棟 and 宗 also have an older reading muna that is only used in compounds (for 宗, possibly only in place names). Meanwhile, 旨 ‎(mune) appears later in the textual record (in the Uji Shūi Monogatari of the early 1200s), and this reading is used as a standalone noun rather than in compounds. This is consistent with other nouns that have paired vowel forms, and suggests that muna is probably the original form, and that the compound derivation is a folk etymology.

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• (Tokyo) むね​ [mùnéꜜ] (Odaka - [2])
• IPA^(key): [mɯᵝne̞]

Noun

胸 ‎(hiragana むね, romaji mune)

1. chest, breast
2. heart, inner thoughts
3. bosom, breasts

Derived terms

Derived terms

胸 (むね)が騒 (さわ)ぐ ‎(mune ga sawagu): “one's chest is noisy” → to be unsettled, to be uneasy 胸 (むね)を貸 (か)す ‎(mune o kasu) “lend a chest” → a more powerful person partners with a less powerful person, such as for practicing 胸 (むね)を借 (か)りる ‎(mune o kariru) “borrow a chest” → a less powerful person partners with a more powerful person, such as for practicing 胸 (むね)を撫 (な)で下 (お)ろす ‎(mune o nadeorosu):

Synonyms

Synonyms

(heart): 心 (こころ) ‎(kokoro) (breasts): おっぱい ‎(oppai), 乳 (ちち) ‎(chichi), 乳房 (ちぶさ) ‎(chibusa), 乳房 (にゅうぼう) ‎(nyūbō)

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Korean

Hanja

胸 • ‎(hyung) (hangeul 흉, revised hyung, McCune-Reischauer hyung, Yale hyung)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

胸 (hung, hông)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.