腎

See also: 肾

Translingual

Han character

腎 (radical 130 肉+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 尸水月 (SEB), four-corner 7722₇)

Descendants

• 肾

References

• KangXi: page 987, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29621
• Dae Jaweon: page 1439, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2086, character 4
• Unihan data for U+814E

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Chinese

trad.		腎
simp.		肾

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡjinʔ): phonetic 臤 ‎(OC *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins) + semantic ⺼ ‎(“meat, body part”) – a body part, the kidneys.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shèn (shen⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): san⁶, san⁵
• Min Nan (POJ): sīn

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: shèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˋ
    • Wade-Giles: shên⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenn
    • IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: san⁶, san⁵
    • Yale: sahn, sáhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: san⁶, san⁵
    • IPA ^(key): /sɐn²²/, /sɐn¹³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīn
    • Tâi-lô: sīn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sin
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɕin³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕin²²/

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• Middle Chinese: /d͡ʑiɪn^X/▼

Rime
Character	腎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	時忍切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪnX/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑinX/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjenX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑinX/
Li Rong	/ʑiĕnX/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ĕnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shèn

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*Cə.[ɡ]i[n]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡjinʔ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	腎
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shèn
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyinX ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.[ɡ]i[n]ʔ/
English	kidney
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	腎
Reading #	1/1
No.	1344
Phonetic component	臣
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	腎
Old Chinese	/*ɡjinʔ/

Definitions

腎

1. (anatomy) kidney

Synonyms

• 腰子 (yāozi)

Compounds

• 敗腎／败肾
• 洗腎／洗肾 (xǐshèn)
• 腎上腺／肾上腺 (shènshàngxiàn)
• 腎上腺素／肾上腺素 (shènshàngxiànsù)
• 腎元／肾元 (shènyuán)
• 腎囊／肾囊 (shènnáng)

• 腎炎／肾炎 (shènyán)
• 腎癌／肾癌 (shèn'ái)
• 腎盂／肾盂 (shènyú)
• 腎盂炎／肾盂炎
• 腎結核／肾结核
• 腎結石／肾结石 (shènjiéshí)

• 腎臟／肾脏 (shènzàng)
• 腎臟癌／肾脏癌
• 腎虧／肾亏
• 補腎／补肾
• 雕肝琢腎／雕肝琢肾
• 雕肝鏤腎／雕肝镂肾

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Japanese

Etymology 1

/murato₁/ → /murato/.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [murato]

Noun

腎 ‎(hiragana むらと, romaji murato)

1. kidney
   • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki

     心腎肝脯 心人情也 腎音神 訓牟良斗 肝音干 訓岐毛

Etymology 2

From earlier /murato/. Voicing suggests that it was originally a compound of mura and to.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [murado]

Noun

腎 ‎(hiragana むらど, romaji murado)

1. kidney
   • 931–938, Wamyō Ruijushō, book 2, page 35-36:

     腎 白虎通云 時忍反 上聲之重 无良度 [...] 水之精也 色黑 [...] 水藏也 [...]

Etymology 3

Kanji

腎

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Goon: じん (jin)
• Kan’on: しん (shin)
• Kun: かなめ (kaname)

Compounds

• 腎臓

References

• Takeuchi, Rizō (1962) Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, ISBN 978-4-490-30010-9.
• Minamoto, Shitagō; Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, ISBN 978-4-653-00507-0, published 1968.

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Korean

Hanja

腎 • ‎(sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune-Reischauer sin, Yale sin)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

腎 (thận)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.