腎

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See also: 肾
腎 U+814E, 腎
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-814E
← 腍
[U+814D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 腏 →
[U+814F]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

腎 (radical 130, 肉+8 in Chinese, 肉+9 in Japanese, 12 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 尸水月 (SEB), four-corner 77227, composition ⿱臤月)

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 987, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29621
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1439, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2086, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+814E

Chinese[edit]

trad. 腎
simp. 肾

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (臣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
臤 *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins
掔 *kʰriːn, *kʰiːn
慳 *kʰriːn
藖 *ɡriːn, *ɡriːns
堅 *kiːn
鋻 *kiːn, *kiːns
鰹 *kiːn
蜸 *kʰiːnʔ
菣 *kʰiːns, *kʰins
賢 *ɡiːn
礥 *ɡiːn, *ɢrin
臔 *ɡiːnʔ
挋 *kiŋs
臣 *ɡiŋ
茞 *ɡiŋ
腎 *ɡjinʔ
頣 *hŋiŋʔ
緊 *kinʔ
嚚 *ŋɡriŋ
鏗 *kʰreːŋ
摼 *kʰreːŋ
硻 *kʰreːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡjinʔ): phonetic 臤 (OC *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins) + semantic ⺼ (“meat; flesh”) – a body part, the kidneys.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-k(j)un (“kidney”). Cognate with Burmese ကုန်း (kun:, “back”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • san6 - literary (“kidney; testicle”);
  • san5, san5-2 - vernacular (“gizzard”).
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • sīn - literary;
    • siān/siǎn - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    Rime
    Character 腎
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 常 (25)
    Final (韻) 眞 (43)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 時忍切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/d͡ʑiɪnX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/d͡ʑinX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/d͡ʑjenX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/d͡ʑinX/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʑiĕnX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ʑĭĕnX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʑi̯ĕnX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shèn
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 腎
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shèn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dzyinX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*Cə.[ɡ]i[n]ʔ/
    English kidney

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 腎
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 1344
    Phonetic
    component         		臣
    Rime
    group         		眞
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		腎
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡjinʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    腎

    1. (anatomy) kidney
    2. (traditional Chinese medicine) testicle
    3. (Cantonese) gizzard
      雞腎 / 鸡肾 [Cantonese]  ―  gai1 san5 [Jyutping]  ―  chicken gizzard

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 腎 (“kidney”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 腎, 腎水, 水藏
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 腎, 腎臟
    Mandarin Beijing 腰子, 腎
    Taiwan 腎, 腰子
    Harbin 腎
    Jinan 腰子, 腎
    Muping 腰子, 腎
    Luoyang 腎
    Xi'an 腎
    Xining 腎
    Xuzhou 腰子, 腎
    Yinchuan 腰子
    Lanzhou 腰子
    Ürümqi 腰子, 腎
    Wuhan 腰子
    Chengdu 腎臟, 腎
    Guiyang 腰子
    Yangzhou 腰子
    Nanjing 腰子
    Cantonese Guangzhou 腎
    Hong Kong 腎
    Dongguan 腎
    Gan Lichuan 腰子
    Pingxiang 腰子
    Hakka Meixian 腎
    Yudu 腰子
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 腰仔, 腎家
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 腰仔, 腎家
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 腰仔, 腎家
    Dongshi (Dabu) 腰, 腎家
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 腰仔, 腎家
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 腰子
    Huizhou Jixi 腰子
    Jin Taiyuan 腰子, 腎
    Xinzhou 腰子
    Min Bei Jian'ou 腰仔
    Min Dong Fuzhou 腰子, 腰心子, 腎
    Min Nan Xiamen 腰子
    Quanzhou 腰子
    Zhangzhou 腰子
    Taipei 腰子
    Kaohsiung 腰子
    Tainan 腰子
    Taichung 腰子
    Hsinchu 腰子
    Lukang 腰子
    Sanxia 腰子
    Yilan 腰子
    Kinmen 腰子
    Magong 腰子
    Penang (Hokkien) 腰子
    Manila (Hokkien) 腰子
    Bangkok (Teochew) 腎
    Haikou 腎
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 腎
    Wu Shanghai 腰子, 腎臟
    Chongming 腰子
    Suzhou 腰子
    Danyang 腰子
    Hangzhou 腰子
    Ningbo 腎, 腰子
    Jinhua 腰子
    Jinhua (Tangxi) 腰
    Xiang Loudi 腰子
    Dialectal synonyms of 睪丸 (“testicle”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 外腎, 腎
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 睪丸, 精巢
    Mandarin Beijing 卵子兒, 卵包子, 小蛋兒
    Harbin 卵子兒
    Jinan 球蛋
    Luoyang 蛋子兒, 蛋
    Wanrong 子
    Xi'an 蛋子兒
    Yinchuan 卵子
    Lanzhou 脬子兒, 腎
    Ürümqi 脬卵子, 卵子
    Wuhan 卵子, 卵蛋, 卵坨
    Chengdu 卵, 卵蛋, 蛋蛋, 卵子, 敲敲兒
    Guiyang 卵蛋
    Liuzhou 卵考子, 考子
    Yangzhou 卵蛋, 卵子子
    Nanjing 卵子
    Singapore 球
    Cantonese Hong Kong 春, 春子, 波子
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 核
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 核春
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 核仁
    Kaiping (Chikan) 春牯
    Kuala Lumpur 春仔
    Ho Chi Minh City 卵
    Gan Lichuan 順子
    Pingxiang 卵坨子
    Hakka Meixian 核卵
    Yudu 卵子
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 核卵
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 核卵
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 核卵
    Dongshi (Dabu) 核卵
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 核卵
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 核卵
    Hong Kong 核卵
    Sabah (Longchuan) 核卵
    Senai 核
    Singkawang 核卵
    Huizhou Jixi 卵子
    Jin Xinzhou 蛋籽子
    Min Dong Fuzhou 𡳞核子, 𡳞核
    Min Nan Xiamen 𡳞核, 腎子
    Quanzhou 𡳞核, 腎子
    Zhangzhou 𡳞核, 腎子
    Taipei 𡳞核
    Kaohsiung 𡳞核, 𡳞核仔
    Tainan 𡳞核, 𡳞核仔
    Taichung 𡳞核仔
    Wuqi 𡳞核
    Hsinchu 𡳞核, 𡳞核仔
    Taitung 𡳞核仔
    Lukang 𡳞核, 𡳞核仔
    Sanxia 𡳞核
    Yilan 𡳞核
    Kinmen 𡳞核
    Magong 𡳞核
    Penang (Hokkien) 𡳞核, 核, 𡳞脬子
    Singapore (Hokkien) 𡳞核, 腎子, 𡳞脬子
    Shantou 𡳞核
    Haifeng 𡳞脬核
    Bangkok (Teochew) 𡳞核
    Leizhou 𡳞脬子, 𡳞脬核, 核子
    Haikou 𡳞脬仁
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 卵子
    Wu Shanghai 卵子
    Suzhou 卵子
    Danyang 卵脬黃, 卵子黃
    Hangzhou 卵子
    Ningbo 卵黃, 卵袋黃
    Wenzhou 卵子, 卵袋子, 陰袋子
    Jinhua 老核子
    Xiang Loudi 考子, 卵子

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    腎

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Readings[edit]
    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    /murato1/ → /murato/.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    腎(むらと) • (murato) 

    1. (obsolete) kidney

    Etymology 2[edit]

    From earlier /murato/. Voicing suggests that it was originally a compound of mura and to.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    腎(むらど) • (murado) 

    1. (obsolete) kidney

    References[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 腎 (MC d͡ʑiɪnX). Recorded as Middle Korean 신〮 (Yale: sin) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    腎 (eumhun 콩팥 신 (kongpat sin))

    1. Hanja form? of 신 (“kidney”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    腎 (thận)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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