腎
|
Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
腎 (radical 130 肉+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 尸水月 (SEB), four-corner 77227, composition ⿱臤月)
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 987, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29621
- Dae Jaweon: page 1439, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2086, character 4
- Unihan data for U+814E
Chinese[edit]
trad. | 腎 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 肾 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Characters in the same phonetic series (臣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
---|---|
Old Chinese | |
臤 | *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins |
掔 | *kʰriːn, *kʰiːn |
慳 | *kʰriːn |
藖 | *ɡriːn, *ɡriːns |
堅 | *kiːn |
鋻 | *kiːn, *kiːns |
鰹 | *kiːn |
蜸 | *kʰiːnʔ |
菣 | *kʰiːns, *kʰins |
賢 | *ɡiːn |
礥 | *ɡiːn, *ɢrin |
臔 | *ɡiːnʔ |
挋 | *kiŋs |
臣 | *ɡiŋ |
茞 | *ɡiŋ |
腎 | *ɡjinʔ |
頣 | *hŋiŋʔ |
緊 | *kinʔ |
嚚 | *ŋɡriŋ |
鏗 | *kʰreːŋ |
摼 | *kʰreːŋ |
硻 | *kʰreːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡjinʔ): phonetic 臤 (OC *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins) + semantic ⺼ (“meat, body part”) – a body part, the kidneys.
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): san6, san5
- Min Nan (POJ): sīn / siǎn / siān
- Wu (Wiktionary): zen (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˋ
- Wade-Giles: shên4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenn
- IPA (key): /ʂən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: san6, san5
- Yale: sahn, sáhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: san6, san5
- Guangdong Romanization: sen6, sen5
- IPA (key): /sɐn²²/, /sɐn¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siǎn
- Tâi-lô: siǎn
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiɛn²²/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siān
- Tâi-lô: siān
- Phofsit Daibuun: sien
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɕiɛn²²/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɕiɛn³³/
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: zen (T3)
- IPA (key): /z̻əɲ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
Rime | |
---|---|
Character | 腎 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
Final (韻) | 眞 (43) |
Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
Openness (開合) | Open |
Division (等) | III |
Fanqie | 時忍切 |
Reconstructions | |
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡ʑiɪnX/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/d͡ʑinX/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/d͡ʑjenX/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/d͡ʑinX/ |
Li Rong |
/ʑiĕnX/ |
Wang Li |
/ʑĭĕnX/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ʑi̯ĕnX/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shèn |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
---|---|
Character | 腎 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
shèn |
Middle Chinese |
‹ dzyinX › |
Old Chinese |
/*Cə.[ɡ]i[n]ʔ/ |
English | kidney |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
---|---|
Character | 腎 |
Reading # | 1/1 |
No. | 1344 |
Phonetic component |
臣 |
Rime group |
眞 |
Rime subdivision |
1 |
Corresponding MC rime |
腎 |
Old Chinese |
/*ɡjinʔ/ |
Definitions[edit]
腎
Synonyms[edit]
- 腰子 (yāozi)
Compounds[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
/murato1/ → /murato/.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
腎 (hiragana むらと, rōmaji murato)
- kidney
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki
- 心腎肝脯 心人情也 腎音神 訓牟良斗 肝音干 訓岐毛
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki
Etymology 2[edit]
From earlier /murato/. Voicing suggests that it was originally a compound of mura and to.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
腎 (hiragana むらど, rōmaji murado)
- kidney
- 931–938, Wamyō Ruijushō, book 2, page 35-36:
- 腎 白虎通云 時忍反 上聲之重 无良度 [...] 水之精也 色黑 [...] 水藏也 [...]
- 931–938, Wamyō Ruijushō, book 2, page 35-36:
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 腎臓 (jinzō)
References[edit]
- Takeuchi, Rizō (1962) Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, →ISBN.
- Minamoto, Shitagō; Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, →ISBN, published 1968.
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
腎 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune-Reischauer sin, Yale sin)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
腎 (thận)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
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