膽

See also: 胆

膽	U+81BD, 膽 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81BD

← 膼
[U+81BC]

CJK Unified Ideographs

膾 →
[U+81BE]

Translingual[edit]

Japanese	胆
Simplified	胆
Traditional	膽

Han character[edit]

膽 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 月弓金口 (BNCR), four-corner 7726₁, composition ⿰月詹)

Descendants[edit]

胆

References[edit]

KangXi: page 995, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29933
Dae Jaweon: page 1446, character 34
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2117, character 7
Unihan data for U+81BD

Chinese[edit]

trad.		膽
simp.		胆

Wikipedia has articles on:

膽 (臟腑) (Written Standard Chinese^?)
Gallbladder (English)

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 膽
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (詹) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
甔	toːm, taːm, *taːms
擔	taːm, taːms
儋	*ʔl'aːm
聸	*taːm
膽	*taːmʔ
黵	taːmʔ, tjamʔ
澹	daːm, daːmʔ, *daːms
憺	daːmʔ, daːms
瞻	*tjam
詹	*tjam
蟾	tjam, djam
噡	*tjam
譫	tjam, daːb, *tjaːb
幨	tʰjam, tʰjams
襜	tʰjam, tʰjams
韂	*tʰjams
贍	*djams
檐	*lam
簷	*lam
舚	tʰeːm, tʰeːms

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *taːmʔ): semantic ⺼ (“body part”) + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam).

Etymology[edit]

Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007); compare Proto-Vietic *lɔːm, Proto-Katuic *lɔɔm, Proto-Bahnaric *kləːm, etc. from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁ləəm ~ *t₁luəm "liver".

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dǎn (dan³)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄢˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): daam²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): am²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): tám

(Meixian, Guangdong): dam³
Min Dong (BUC): dāng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): táⁿ / tám

(Teochew, Peng'im): dan²
Wu (Wiktionary): te (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dǎn
  - Wade–Giles: tan³
  - Yale: dǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daan
  - Palladius: дань (danʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tän²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: daam²
  - Yale: dáam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: daam²
  - Guangdong Romanization: dam²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːm³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: am²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /am⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tám
  - Hakka Romanization System: dam`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: dam³
  - Sinological IPA: /tam³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: dam³
  - Sinological IPA: /tam³¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taŋ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: táⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tánn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dvar
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tã⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /tã⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tã⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tám
  - Tâi-lô: tám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: darm
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /tam⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tam⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tam⁴¹/

Note:

táⁿ - vernacular;
tám - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: dan²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: táⁿ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /tã⁵²/

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: te (T2)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /te̞³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /tɑm^X/

Rime
Character	膽
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	都敢切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tɑm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/tɑm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/tɑm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tam^X/
Li Rong	/tɑm^X/
Wang Li	/tɑm^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/tɑm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	daam²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ˤamʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*taːmʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	膽
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ tam^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[t]ˁamʔ/
English	gall
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	膽
Reading #	1/1
No.	16751
Phonetic component	詹
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	膽
Old Chinese	/*taːmʔ/

Definitions[edit]

膽

(anatomy) gallbladder
- 魏兵爭欲報讎，共剖維腹，其膽大如雞卵。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  魏兵争欲报雠，共剖维腹，其胆大如鸡卵。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14^th century CE
  Wèibīng zhēng yù bàochóu, gòng pōu wéi fù, qí dǎn dà rú jīluǎn. [Pinyin]
  The Wei soldiers, craving vengeance, competed [to wreak it], and they sliced open [Jiang] Wei's belly; his gallbladder was as big as a hen's egg.
膽囊／胆囊 ― dǎnnáng ― gall bladder
(figuratively) guts; courage; bravery; strength; nerve
- 先主明旦自來至雲營圍視昨戰處，曰：「子龍一身都是膽也。」 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  先主明旦自来至云营围视昨战处，曰：“子龙一身都是胆也。” [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: Pei Songzhi, Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 5^th century CE
  Xiānzhǔ míngdàn zì lái zhì yún yíng wéi shì zuó zhàn chù, yuē: “Zǐlóng yīshēn dōu shì dǎn yě.” [Pinyin]
  The next day, the Former Master himself came to [Zhao] Yun's camp and surveyed the battlefield from the day before; he said: "Zilong is full of courage."
大膽／大胆 ― dàdǎn ― bold

冇膽鬼／冇胆鬼 [Cantonese] ― mou⁵ daam² gwai² [Jyutping] ― coward
inner container; liner (of a thermos); bladder (of a ball)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 膽

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai	胆
Kyūjitai	膽

Kanji[edit]

膽

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 胆)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Go-on: たん (tan)
Kan-on: たん (tan)
Kun: きも (kimo, 膽)

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 膽 (MC tɑm^X).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	담〯 (Yale: tǎm)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527^[1]	ᄡᅳᆯ게 (Yale: psùlkèy)	담 (Yale: tàm)

Pronunciation[edit]

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ta̠(ː)m]
Phonetic hangul: [담(ː)]
- Though still prescriptive in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

膽

Wikisource

膽 (eumhun 쓸개 담 (sseulgae dam))

Hanja form^? of 담 (“gall bladder”).
Hanja form^? of 담 (“courage; nerve”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

간담 (肝膽, gandam)
낙담 (落膽, nakdam)
대담 (大膽, daedam)
담력 (膽力, damnyeok)
담관 (膽管, damgwan)
웅담 (熊膽, ungdam)

References[edit]

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

膽: Hán Nôm readings: đảm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

膽

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

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