臆

臆 U+81C6, 臆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81C6 ← 臅 [U+81C5] CJK Unified Ideographs 臇 → [U+81C7]

Translingual

Han character

臆 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+13, 17 strokes, Cangjie input 月卜廿心 (BYTP), four-corner 7023₆, composition ⿰月意(GJK) or ⿰⺼意(HTV))

Derived characters

• 𡄯

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 996, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29951
• Dae Jaweon: page 1447, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2118, character 3
• Unihan data for U+81C6

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 臆
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (意) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
噫	*qrɯːɡs, *qɯ
譩	*qɯ, *qɯʔ, *qɯl
醷	*qɯʔ, *qɯɡ
意	*qɯɡs
鷾	*qɯɡs
憶	*qɯɡ
億	*qɯɡ
臆	*qɯɡ
繶	*qɯɡ
澺	*qɯɡ
薏	*qɯɡ
檍	*qɯɡ
癔	*qɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qɯɡ): semantic 肉 (“body”) + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs).

Etymology 1

trad.		臆
simp. #		臆
2nd round simp.		肊
alternative forms		𩪣 𩪙

Compare Proto-Tai *ʔɤkᴰ (“chest”), whence Thai อก (òk). Cognate with 意 (OC *qɯɡs, “mind”) and 憶 (OC *qɯɡ, “to remember”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yì (yi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jik¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ek / iak

  (Teochew, Peng'im): êg⁸ / êg⁴

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵i

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yì
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yì
    • Wade–Giles: i⁴
    • Yale: yì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
    • Palladius: и (i)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jik¹
    • Yale: yīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: yig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪk̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ek
    • Tâi-lô: ik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: eg
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iak
    • Tâi-lô: iak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iag
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚⁵/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: êg⁸ / êg⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: e̍k / ek
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ek̚⁴/, /ek̚²/

Note:

• êg8 - Chaozhou;
• êg4 - Shantou.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵i
    • MiniDict: i^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²i
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /i³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: 'ik

Rime
Character	臆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於力切
Baxter	'ik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔik̚/
Li Rong	/ʔiək̚/
Wang Li	/ĭək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jik1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ(r)ək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	臆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔik ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔ(r)ək/
English	bosom
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	臆
Reading #	1/1
No.	15158
Phonetic component	意
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	憶
Old Chinese	/*qɯɡ/

Definitions

臆

1. chest; breast; bosom
2. thought

Compounds

• 傾吐胸臆 / 倾吐胸臆
• 直抒胸臆
• 胸臆 (xiōngyì)
• 臆度
• 臆想 (yìxiǎng)
• 臆想狂
• 臆想症
• 臆斷 / 臆断
• 臆測 / 臆测 (yìcè)
• 臆見 / 臆见 (yìjiàn)
• 臆造 (yìzào)

Etymology 2

trad.		臆
simp. #		臆
alternative forms		約／约 億／亿 憶／忆 猜

Pronunciation

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ioh / ip

  (Teochew, Peng'im): iêh⁴ / ioh⁴

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Jinjiang, Philippines, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ioh
    • Tâi-lô: ioh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ioiq
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kinmen, Singapore): /ioʔ³²/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang, Jinjiang, Philippines): /ioʔ⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan): /iɤʔ³²/
    • Sinological IPA (Yilan): /ioʔ²/
  • (Hokkien: Sanxia)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ip
    • Tâi-lô: ip
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ib
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: iêh⁴ / ioh⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ieh / ioh
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieʔ²/, /ioʔ²/

Note:

• iêh4 - Chaozhou;
• ioh4 - Shantou.

Definitions

臆

1. (Southern Min) to guess
2. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to purchase objects by quantity and not by weight

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 猜 (“to guess”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		猜, 猜測, 猜想
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	猜
	Taiwan	猜
	Malaysia	猜
	Singapore	猜
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	猜
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	猜, 揣, 估
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	猜, 諳
	Wuhan	猜
	Guilin	猜
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	猜
	Hefei	猜
Cantonese	Guangzhou	估, 猜
	Hong Kong	估
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	估
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	估
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	估
	Taishan	估
	Yangjiang	猜, 批
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	估
	Singapore (Guangfu)	估
Gan	Nanchang	猜
Hakka	Meixian	揣, 猜, 估
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	揣
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	揣
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	揣
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	揣
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	揣
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	臆
	Hong Kong	估
Jin	Taiyuan	猜
Northern Min	Jian'ou	估
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	準, 猜
Southern Min	Xiamen	臆, 猜
	Quanzhou	臆
	Jinjiang	臆
	Shishi	臆
	Zhangzhou	臆, 猜
	Pinghe	臆
	Zhao'an	臆
	Taipei	猜, 臆
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	臆
	Kaohsiung	臆
	Yilan	猜, 臆
	Changhua (Lukang)	猜, 臆
	Taichung	臆
	Taichung (Wuqi)	臆
	Tainan	臆
	Taitung	臆
	Hsinchu	臆
	Kinmen	臆
	Penghu (Magong)	臆
	Penang (Hokkien)	猜, 阿甲
	Singapore (Hokkien)	臆, 猜
	Manila (Hokkien)	臆
	Chaozhou	臆, 猜
	Shantou	臆, 猜
	Singapore (Teochew)	猜
	Haikou	猜
	Singapore (Hainanese)	猜
Wu	Suzhou	猜
	Wenzhou	猜
Xiang	Changsha	估, 猜
	Shuangfeng	估

Compounds

• 臆出出
• 臆子
• 臆猜
• 臆謎 / 臆谜
• 臆隻 / 臆只

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03368
• “臆”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	臆
Kyūjitai	臆󠄂 臆+󠄂? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

臆

(Jōyō kanji)

1. chest; breast; heart
2. to repress one's mind; to be hesitant in one's thoughts
3. timid; nervous; afraid

Readings

• Go-on: おく (oku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: よく (yoku)
• Kun: おくする (okusuru, 臆する)、おしはかる (oshihakaru, 臆る)、おぼえる (oboeru)、おもう (omō)、むね (mune)
• Nanori: ぞう (zō)、むね (mune)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
臆
おく Grade: S
goon

From Middle Chinese 臆 (MC 'ik).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [o̞kɯ̟]

Affix

臆(おく) • (oku) 

1. chest
2. guess; conjecture
3. timid; nervous

Usage notes

In modern Japanese, 臆 is mostly replaced by 憶, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.

Japanese terms with 臆 replaced by daiyōji 憶

憶測

憶病

憶病者

Derived terms

• 臆(おく)出(しゅつ) (okushutsu)
• 臆(おく)度(たく) (okutaku): guessing; speculation
• 臆(おく)断(だん) (okudan): alternative form of 憶(おく)断(だん) (okudan, “hasty conclusion; conjecture”)
• 臆(おく)病(びょう) (okubyō): timidity; cowardice
• 臆(おく)面(めん) (okumen): shy face
• 臆(おっ)見(けん) (okken): conjecture
• 臆(おく)説(せつ) (okusetsu): hypothesis; speculation
• 臆(おく)測(そく) (okusoku): guessing; supposition

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 臆 (MC 'ik).

Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅳᆨ〮 (Yale: quk) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Recorded as Middle Korean 억〮 (ék) (Yale: ek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

臆 (eumhun 가슴 억 (gaseum eok))

1. hanja form^? of 억 (“chest”)

Compounds

• 억견 (臆見, eokgyeon, “conjecture”)
• 억단 (臆斷, eokdan, “surmise”)
• 억측 (臆測, eokcheuk, “speculation; conjecture”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

臆: Hán Nôm readings: ức

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation

Zhuang

Noun

臆

1. Sawndip form of aek (“chest; breast; thorax”)