航海

Chinese

		boat; ship; vessel boat; ship; vessel; craft; to navigate; to sail	ocean; sea
trad. (航海)		航	海
simp. #(航海)		航	海

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hánghǎi

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄤˊ ㄏㄞˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hong⁴ hoi²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hòng-hói
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hâng-hái / hông-hái

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hánghǎi
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄤˊ ㄏㄞˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hánghǎi
    • Wade–Giles: hang²-hai³
    • Yale: háng-hǎi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harnghae
    • Palladius: ханхай (xanxaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɑŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hong⁴ hoi²
    • Yale: hòhng hói
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hong⁴ hoi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: hong⁴ hoi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːŋ²¹ hɔːi̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hòng-hói
    • Hakka Romanization System: hongˇ hoi`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hong² hoi³
    • Sinological IPA: /hoŋ¹¹ hoi̯³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâng-hái
    • Tâi-lô: hâng-hái
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hanghae
    • IPA (Taipei): /haŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hai⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /haŋ²³⁻³³ hai⁴¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /haŋ²⁴⁻²² hai⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /haŋ¹³⁻²² hai⁵³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /haŋ²⁴⁻²² hai⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-hái
    • Tâi-lô: hông-hái
    • Phofsit Daibuun: honghae
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hai⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hai⁵³/

Verb

航海

1. to sail the seas

Noun

航海

1. maritime navigation; sailing; voyage by sea

Derived terms

• 航海圖／航海图
• 航海家 (hánghǎijiā)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (航海):

• → Japanese: 航海(こうかい) (kōkai)
• → Korean: 항해(航海) (hanghae)
• → Vietnamese: hàng hải (航海)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
航	海
こう Grade: 5	かい Grade: 2
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
航海 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こ​ーかい [kóꜜòkàì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ːka̠i]

Noun

航(こう)海(かい) • (kōkai) 

1. sailing, voyage

Verb

航(こう)海(かい)する • (kōkai suru) suru (stem 航(こう)海(かい)し (kōkai shi), past 航(こう)海(かい)した (kōkai shita))

1. to sail, to go on a voyage

Conjugation

Conjugation of "航海する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	航海し	こうかいし	kōkai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	航海し	こうかいし	kōkai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	航海する	こうかいする	kōkai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	航海する	こうかいする	kōkai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	航海すれ	こうかいすれ	kōkai sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	航海せよ¹ 航海しろ²	こうかいせよ¹ こうかいしろ²	kōkai seyo¹ kōkai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	航海される	こうかいされる	kōkai sareru
Causative	航海させる 航海さす	こうかいさせる こうかいさす	kōkai saseru kōkai sasu
Potential	航海できる	こうかいできる	kōkai dekiru
Volitional	航海しよう	こうかいしよう	kōkai shiyō
Negative	航海しない	こうかいしない	kōkai shinai
Negative continuative	航海せず	こうかいせず	kōkai sezu
Formal	航海します	こうかいします	kōkai shimasu
Perfective	航海した	こうかいした	kōkai shita
Conjunctive	航海して	こうかいして	kōkai shite
Hypothetical conditional	航海すれば	こうかいすれば	kōkai sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
航	海

Noun

航海 • (hanghae) (hangeul 항해)

1. Hanja form^? of 항해 (“sailing, voyage”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
航	海

Adjective

航海

1. chữ Hán form of hàng hải (“maritime”).