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荒

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 㐬
荒 U+8352, 荒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8352
← 荑
[U+8351] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 荓 →
[U+8353]

荒 U+FAB3, 荒
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAB3
← 者
[U+FAB2] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 華 →
[U+FAB4]

Translingual

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Han character

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荒 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+6, 9 strokes, Cangjie input 廿卜女山 (TYVU), four-corner 44211, composition ⿱艹巟)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1031, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30953
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1490, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3209, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+8352

Chinese

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trad. 荒
simp. # 荒
alternative forms 㐬
𮎰
𠃤
𠯚
𦮋

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 荒
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (亡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
忙 *maːŋ
芒 *maːŋ, *maŋ
茫 *maːŋ
恾 *maːŋ
吂 *maːŋ, *maːŋs
汒 *maːŋ, *maŋs
朚 *maːŋ, *hmaːŋ, *maŋ, *mraːŋ, *mraːŋs
邙 *maːŋ, *maŋ
杗 *maːŋ, *maŋ
荒 *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs
肓 *hmaːŋ
衁 *hmaːŋ
巟 *hmaːŋ
詤 *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ, *hmaŋʔ
慌 *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ
謊 *hmaːŋʔ
喪 *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ
亡 *maŋ
望 *maŋ, *maŋs
莣 *maŋ
朢 *maŋ, *maŋs
鋩 *maŋ
硭 *maŋ
忘 *maŋ, *maŋs
网 *mlaŋʔ
罔 *mlaŋʔ
蛧 *maŋʔ
網 *mlaŋʔ
輞 *maŋʔ
棢 *maŋʔ
惘 *maŋʔ
菵 *maŋʔ
誷 *maŋʔ
魍 *maŋʔ
妄 *maŋs
盲 *mraːŋ
蝱 *mraːŋ
虻 *mraːŋ
氓 *mraːŋ
甿 *mraːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs): semantic 艹 (“grass, plant”) + phonetic 巟 (OC *hmaːŋ). Note: The middle part could be found as 亾 instead of 亡.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma (“not”). Cognate with 亡 (OC *maŋ, “to disappear”). The voiceless initial is possibly from the devoicing effect of an early (i.e. Proto-Sino-Tibetan) causative prefix *s- on 亡 (i.e. PST *s-maŋ > *hmaŋ > Middle Chinese hwɑŋ) which was subsequently lost.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • horng1 - literary;
  • hng1 - vernacular (e.g. 放荒).
Note:
  • hong - literary;
  • hng/huiⁿ - vernacular.
Note:
  • huang1 - literary;
  • hng1 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 荒 荒
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 曉 (32) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 唐 (102) 唐 (102)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 呼光切 呼浪切
Baxter xwang xwangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hwɑŋ/ /hwɑŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hʷɑŋ/ /hʷɑŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xuɑŋ/ /xuɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hwaŋ/ /hwaŋH/
Li
Rong 		/xuɑŋ/ /xuɑŋH/
Wang
Li 		/xuɑŋ/ /xuɑŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/xwɑŋ/ /xwɑŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		huāng huàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fong1 fong3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 荒
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		huāng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xwang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m̥ˁaŋ/
English wasteland; uncultivated land

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 荒 荒
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 12649 12659
Phonetic
component 		亡 亡
Rime
group 		陽 陽
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		荒 荒
Old
Chinese 		/*hmaːŋ/ /*hmaːŋs/

Definitions

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荒

  1. wasteland; uncultivated land; desert
  2. uncultivated; barren; desolate
  3. unreasonable; absurd

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (荒):
  • → Vietnamese: hoang (荒)

References

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  • “荒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “荒”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 255.

Japanese

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Kanji

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荒

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. uncultivated, wild
  2. desolate, barren

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
荒
あら
Grade: S
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 荒 – see the following entry.
【あらアラ】
[noun] leftovers from filleting a fish
Alternative spelling
粗
【あら】
[prefix] rough
[prefix] unprocessed; raw
Alternative spelling
粗
(This term, 荒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
荒
あばら
Grade: S
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 荒 – see the following entry.
【あばら】
[adjective] (archaic, possibly obsolete) 荒ら, 荒, 疎ら, 疎: loosely spaced, sparse, with large gaps, wide open
[adjective] (archaic, possibly obsolete) 荒ら, 荒, 疎ら, 疎: broken down, ruined, wild
[adjective] (archaic, possibly obsolete) 荒ら, 荒, 疎ら, 疎: not heartfelt, insincere, flippant (as of behavior or attitude)
Alternative spellings
荒ら, 疎ら, 疎
(This term, 荒, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.)

Korean

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Etymology 1

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Hanja

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荒 (eumhun 거칠 황 (geochil hwang))

  1. rough; sparse; wild

Etymology 2

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Hanja

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荒 (eumhun 공허할 강 (gongheohal gang))

  1. empty, blank

Vietnamese

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Han character

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荒: Hán Nôm readings: hoang, hoăng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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