From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
U+8377, 荷
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8377

[U+8376]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8378]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

(Kangxi radical 140, +7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿人一口 (TOMR), four-corner 44221, composition )

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1032, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31000
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1491, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3220, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+8377

Chinese

[edit]

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ) : semantic (grass; plant) + phonetic (OC *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ).

Etymology 1

[edit]
trad.
simp. #

Possibly related to Burmese ကြာ (kra, water lily).[1]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Note:
  • hô/hô͘ - literary;
  • ô - vernacular;
  • hâ - in 荷包 (hâ-pau).
Note:
  • o5 - vernacular;
  • ho5 - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (33)
Final () (94)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter ha
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦɑ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦɑ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦa/
Li
Rong
/ɣɑ/
Wang
Li
/ɣɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ho4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ ha ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ]ˁaj/
English lotus

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/3
No. 7463
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡaːl/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. lotus
  2. lotus leaf
  3. Short for 荷蘭荷兰 (Hélán, “Netherlands”).
  4. a surname
Compounds
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Related to Etymology 1?”)

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms 𦽅

Pronunciation

[edit]


Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/3
No. 7457
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qʰaːls/
Notes 𦽅

Definitions

[edit]

  1. Only used in 薄荷 (bòhé).
Compounds
[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]
trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-kal ~ *s-gal (back (lower); kidney; load; carry) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan སྒལ་པ (sgal pa, small of the back), Mizo kal (kidney), Chepang गल् (gəl, kidney), Tangut 𗹼 (*khiwa¹, kidney), Burmese ခါး (hka:, waist), (OC *kʰaːlʔ, “to be able to”).

Pronunciation

[edit]


Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (33)
Final () (94)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter haX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦɑX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦɑX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣɑX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦaX/
Li
Rong
/ɣɑX/
Wang
Li
/ɣɑX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣɑX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ho6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ haX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ]ˁajʔ/
English carry

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 3/3
No. 7465
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡaːlʔ/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. to carry (a load on one's shoulder); to hold
  2. to shoulder; to bear (e.g. responsibilities)
  3. load; burden
  4. (physics) load; charge
Compounds
[edit]

Etymology 4

[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“trifling; tedious”).
(This character is an obsolete form of ).

Etymology 5

[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to investigate; to interrogate”).
(This character is an obsolete form of ).

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Luce, G. H. (1981) “-A Finals (> 13. Lotus; Water lily (Nelumbium; Nymphaea)”, in A Comparative Word-List of Old Burmese, Chinese and Tibetan, London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, →ISBN, page 1

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. load, cargo
  2. luggage

Readings

[edit]
  • Go-on: (ga)
  • Kan-on: (ka, Jōyō)
  • Kun: (ni, , Jōyō)になう (ninau, 荷う)

Compounds

[edit]

Counter

[edit]

() (-ka

  1. loads that can be carried on one's shoulders

Korean

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Middle Chinese (MC haX, “load”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (mel ha))

  1. hanja form? of (load; burden; cargo; freight)
  2. hanja form? of (to bear; to undertake; to take charge; to owe)

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Middle Chinese (MC ha, “lotus”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

(eumhun 연꽃 (yeonkkot ha))

  1. hanja form? of (lotus; water lily)
    Synonym: (/ (ryeon/yeon))

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

: Hán Nôm readings:

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.