虎
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]虎 (Kangxi radical 141, 虍+2, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜心竹弓 (YPHN) or 卜心竹山 (YPHU), four-corner 21217, composition ⿸虍儿(JKT) or ⿸虍几(GV))
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1073, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32675
- Dae Jaweon: page 1539, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2819, character 2
- Unihan data for U+864E
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 虎 | ||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | ||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script |
Old Chinese | |
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唬 | *qʰraːs, *kʷraːɡ |
戲 | *qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː |
巇 | *qʰra |
隵 | *qʰra |
嚱 | *qʰras |
盧 | *b·raː |
鑪 | *raː |
壚 | *raː |
籚 | *raː |
蘆 | *raː, *ra |
顱 | *b·raː |
髗 | *b·raː |
鱸 | *raː |
攎 | *raː |
櫨 | *raː |
轤 | *raː |
黸 | *raː |
獹 | *raː |
鸕 | *raː |
艫 | *raː |
纑 | *raː |
瀘 | *raː |
瓐 | *raː |
爐 | *raː |
嚧 | *raː |
矑 | *b·raː |
罏 | *raː |
蠦 | *raː |
虜 | *raːʔ |
擄 | *raːʔ |
艣 | *raːʔ |
鐪 | *raːʔ |
虖 | *qʰaː, *qʰʷa, *qʰaː, *qʰʷa |
虍 | *qʰaː |
雐 | *qʰʷlaː |
虎 | *qʰlaːʔ |
琥 | *qʰlaːʔ |
萀 | *qʰlaːʔ |
臚 | *b·ra |
廬 | *ra |
驢 | *b·ra |
藘 | *ra |
爈 | *ra, *ras |
櫖 | *ra, *ras |
儢 | *raʔ |
慮 | *ras |
勴 | *ras |
鑢 | *ras |
濾 | *ras |
攄 | *r̥ʰa |
處 | *kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas |
豦 | *kas, *ɡa |
據 | *kas |
鐻 | *kas, *ɡa, *ɡaʔ |
澽 | *kas, *ɡas |
虛 | *kʰa, *qʰa |
墟 | *kʰa |
懅 | *ɡa |
蘧 | *ɡa, *ɡʷa |
籧 | *ɡa |
醵 | *ɡa, *ɡas, *ɡaɡ |
璩 | *ɡa |
虡 | *ɡaʔ |
遽 | *ɡas |
勮 | *ɡas |
噓 | *qʰa, *qʰas |
驉 | *qʰa |
歔 | *qʰa |
魖 | *qʰa |
膚 | *pla |
虧 | *kʰʷral |
噱 | *ɡaɡ |
臄 | *ɡaɡ |
劇 | *ɡaɡ |
諕 | *qʰʷraːɡ |
Pictogram (象形) . 虍 represents the tiger's head. The torso has disappeared and the legs and the tail have transformed into 人 in the small seal script and later 儿 in the clerical script.
Etymology 1
[edit]trad. | 虎 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 虎 | |
alternative forms |
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-la (“tiger”), from Proto-Austroasiatic *kla(ː)ʔ (“tiger”). Cognate with 菟 (OC *daː) in 於菟 (OC *qa daː, “tiger”). Compare Vietnamese khái ("tiger").
Hill (2019) compares it to Tibetan སྟག (stag, “tiger”); however, Zheng Zining deems that comparison "probably spurious".[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fu3 / hu3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хў (hw, II)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): fu3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): hu2
- Northern Min (KCR): kǔ
- Eastern Min (BUC): hū
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hou3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5hu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fu3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hǔ
- Wade–Giles: hu3
- Yale: hǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huu
- Palladius: ху (xu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: fu3 / hu3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fu / xu
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu⁵³/, /xu⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хў (hw, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fu2
- Yale: fú
- Cantonese Pinyin: fu2
- Guangdong Romanization: fu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /fuː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: fu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: fu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fú
- Hakka Romanization System: fuˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: fu3
- Sinological IPA: /fu³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: hu2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /xu⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kǔ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hū
- Sinological IPA (key): /hu³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: hou3
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɔu⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: hou3
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɔu³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Yongchun, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hó͘
- Tâi-lô: hóo
- Phofsit Daibuun: hor
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Taipei): /hɔ⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ⁴¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /hɔ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: houn2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hóuⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /hõũ⁵²/
- (Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: heu2
- Sinological IPA: /hɛu³¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Yongchun, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: fu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɸu⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: xuX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤraʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qʰlaːʔ/
Definitions
[edit]虎
- tiger
- 老虎 ― lǎohǔ ― tiger
- (figurative) brave; fierce
- (dialectal) to show a stern or fierce look
- a surname
- (Northeastern Mandarin, derogatory) overbold; stupid
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 三人成虎 (sānrénchénghǔ)
- 人中龍虎/人中龙虎
- 以肉餧虎/以肉喂虎
- 伏虎擒龍/伏虎擒龙
- 伏虎降龍/伏虎降龙
- 倒豎虎鬚/倒竖虎须 (dàoshùhǔxū)
- 兩虎共鬥/两虎共斗
- 兩虎相爭/两虎相争
- 兩虎相鬥/两虎相斗
- 劍齒虎/剑齿虎 (jiànchǐhǔ)
- 勢如騎虎/势如骑虎
- 勢成騎虎/势成骑虎
- 名魁虎榜
- 哮虎
- 喫虎膽/吃虎胆
- 坐家虎
- 壁虎 (bìhǔ)
- 大人虎變/大人虎变
- 大賢虎變/大贤虎变
- 如狼似虎
- 如狼如虎
- 如虎傅翼
- 如虎如狼
- 如虎得翼
- 如虎添翼 (rúhǔtiānyì)
- 如虎生翼
- 如虎負嵎/如虎负嵎
- 官虎吏狼
- 宮鄰金虎/宫邻金虎
- 將門虎子/将门虎子
- 履虎尾
- 市虎
- 帝虎
- 幫虎吃食/帮虎吃食
- 引虎自衛/引虎自卫
- 憑河暴虎/凭河暴虎
- 手指虎 (shǒuzhǐhǔ)
- 打死老虎
- 打燈虎/打灯虎
- 打虎
- 投杼市虎
- 投畀豺虎 (tóubìcháihǔ)
- 扼虎
- 抱虎而眠
- 拒虎進狼/拒虎进狼
- 拔虎鬚/拔虎须
- 捉虎擒蛟
- 捋虎鬚/捋虎须
- 探虎口
- 握蛇騎虎/握蛇骑虎
- 撲虎兒/扑虎儿
- 撩虎鬚/撩虎须
- 擒虎拿蛟
- 擒龍縛虎/擒龙缚虎
- 攔路虎/拦路虎 (lánlùhǔ)
- 放虎歸山/放虎归山 (fànghǔguīshān)
- 放虎自衛/放虎自卫
- 文虎
- 文虎章
- 暴虎
- 暴虎馮河/暴虎冯河 (bàohǔ-pínghé)
- 李廣射虎/李广射虎
- 柙虎樊熊
- 殿上虎
- 母老虎 (mǔlǎohǔ)
- 沒牙虎兒/没牙虎儿
- 潑皮賴虎/泼皮赖虎
- 潛龍伏虎/潜龙伏虎
- 為虎作倀/为虎作伥
- 為虎傅翼/为虎傅翼
- 為虎添翼/为虎添翼
- 照貓畫虎/照猫画虎 (zhàomāohuàhǔ)
- 熊據虎跱/熊据虎跱
- 熊腰虎背
- 熊虎 (xiónghǔ)
- 熊虎之士
- 燈虎/灯虎
- 燕頷虎頸/燕颔虎颈
- 燕頷虎頭/燕颔虎头
- 燕頷虎鬚/燕颔虎须 (yànhànhǔxū)
- 爬山虎 (páshānhǔ)
- 爬牆虎/爬墙虎
- 狐假虎威 (hújiǎhǔwēi)
- 狐藉虎威/狐借虎威 (hújièhǔwēi)
- 狐虎之威
- 狼吞虎咽 (lángtūnhǔyàn)
- 狼吞虎噬
- 狼吞虎嚥/狼吞虎咽 (lángtūnhǔyàn)
- 狼虎藥/狼虎药
- 狼虎路
- 狼飧虎嚥/狼飧虎咽
- 狼餐虎嚥/狼餐虎咽
- 猛虎 (měnghǔ)
- 猛虎步
- 玉虎
- 甘冒虎口
- 生虎子
- 生龍活虎/生龙活虎 (shēnglónghuóhǔ)
- 畫虎不成/画虎不成
- 畫虎成犬/画虎成犬
- 畫虎成狗/画虎成狗
- 畫虎類犬/画虎类犬 (huàhǔlèiquǎn)
- 畫虎類狗/画虎类狗
- 登虎榜
- 白虎 (báihǔ)
- 白虎幡
- 白虎星 (báihǔxīng)
- 白虎觀/白虎观
- 白虎通義/白虎通义
- 白虎風/白虎风
- 白額虎/白额虎
- 睡虎子
- 秋老虎 (qiūlǎohǔ)
- 笑面虎 (xiàomiànhǔ)
- 筆虎/笔虎
- 紙老虎/纸老虎 (zhǐlǎohǔ)
- 縛虎手/缚虎手
- 縱虎歸山/纵虎归山 (zònghǔguīshān)
- 繡虎/绣虎
- 繡虎雕龍/绣虎雕龙
- 羊入虎口 (yángrùhǔkǒu)
- 羊落虎口
- 羊質虎皮/羊质虎皮
- 美洲虎
- 老虎 (lǎohǔ)
- 老虎凳
- 老虎攤兒/老虎摊儿
- 老虎灶
- 老虎皮
- 老虎鉗/老虎钳 (lǎohǔqián)
- 胭脂虎
- 臥虎/卧虎
- 臥虎藏龍/卧虎藏龙 (wòhǔcánglóng)
- 與虎添翼/与虎添翼
- 與虎謀皮/与虎谋皮 (yǔhǔmóupí)
- 艾虎 (àihǔ)
- 菜虎子
- 藏龍臥虎/藏龙卧虎 (cánglóngwòhǔ)
- 虎不拉
- 虎丘
- 虎井 (Hǔjǐng)
- 虎人 (hǔrén)
- 虎倀/虎伥
- 虎克定律
- 虎克黨/虎克党
- 虎兒/虎儿
- 虎兕出柙
- 虎入羊群 (hǔrùyángqún)
- 虎列拉 (hǔlièlā)
- 虎刺
- 虎剌孩
- 虎勁/虎劲
- 虎勢/虎势 (hǔshì)
- 虎口 (hǔkǒu)
- 虎口拔牙
- 虎口逃生
- 虎口餘生/虎口余生 (hǔkǒuyúshēng)
- 虎咽狼吞
- 虎咬豬/虎咬猪 (hǔyǎozhū)
- 虎嘯/虎啸 (hǔxiào)
- 虎嘯風生/虎啸风生
- 虎嘯鷹揚/虎啸鹰扬
- 虎嘯龍吟/虎啸龙吟
- 虎嚇/虎吓
- 虎圈
- 虎士
- 虎姑婆
- 虎威 (hǔwēi)
- 虎威狐假
- 虎媽/虎妈 (hǔmā)
- 虎子 (hǔzǐ)
- 虎字頭/虎字头 (hǔzìtóu)
- 虎將/虎将 (hǔjiàng)
- 虎尾 (Hǔwěi)
- 虎尾春冰
- 虎帳/虎帐
- 虎床
- 虎急急
- 虎拜
- 虎掌
- 虎據/虎据
- 虎擲龍拿/虎掷龙拿
- 虎旅
- 虎杖 (hǔzhàng)
- 虎榜
- 虎步 (hǔbù)
- 虎步龍行/虎步龙行
- 虎死留皮
- 虎毒不食子 (hǔdúbùshízǐ)
- 虎渡江
- 虎爪拳
- 虎爪豆
- 虎牙 (hǔyá)
- 虎牢關/虎牢关 (Hǔláo Guān)
- 虎狼 (hǔláng)
- 虎狼之口
- 虎狼之國/虎狼之国
- 虎狼之師/虎狼之师 (hǔláng zhī shī)
- 虎狼之心
- 虎甲蟲/虎甲虫 (hǔjiǎchóng)
- 虎略龍韜/虎略龙韬
- 虎疫
- 虎皮
- 虎皮松
- 虎皮羊質/虎皮羊质
- 虎眉
- 虎眼石 (hǔyǎnshí)
- 虎睨
- 虎磕腦/虎磕脑
- 虎視/虎视 (hǔshì)
- 虎視眈眈/虎视眈眈 (hǔshìdāndān)
- 虎視鷹瞵/虎视鹰瞵
- 虎穴 (hǔxué)
- 虎穴龍潭/虎穴龙潭
- 虎窟
- 虎窟龍潭/虎窟龙潭
- 虎符 (hǔfú)
- 虎符金牌
- 虎而冠
- 虎耳草 (hǔ'ěrcǎo)
- 虎背熊腰 (hǔbèixióngyāo)
- 虎臂
- 虎臉子/虎脸子
- 虎臣
- 虎舅
- 虎落平原
- 虎蕩羊群/虎荡羊群
- 虎虎生風/虎虎生风 (hǔhǔshēngfēng)
- 虎彪彪
- 虎諕/虎𬤀
- 虎變/虎变
- 虎豹之文
- 虎豹豺狼 (hǔbàocháiláng)
- 虎貔
- 虎負嵎/虎负嵎
- 虎賁/虎贲 (hǔbēn)
- 虎跳
- 虎踞
- 虎踞鯨吞/虎踞鲸吞
- 虎踞龍盤/虎踞龙盘
- 虎踞龍蟠/虎踞龙蟠
- 虎辣八
- 虎鉗/虎钳 (hǔqián)
- 虎門條約/虎门条约
- 虎門港/虎门港
- 虎項金鈴/虎项金铃
- 虎頭/虎头
- 虎頭埤/虎头埤
- 虎頭燕頷/虎头燕颔
- 虎頭牌/虎头牌
- 虎頭蘭/虎头兰
- 虎頭虎腦/虎头虎脑
- 虎頭蛇尾/虎头蛇尾 (hǔtóushéwěi)
- 虎頭蜂/虎头蜂 (hǔtóufēng)
- 虎頭鉗/虎头钳 (hǔtóuqián)
- 虎頭門/虎头门
- 虎頭關/虎头关
- 虎頭鞋/虎头鞋 (hǔtóuxié)
- 虎頭食肉/虎头食肉
- 虎頭鼠尾/虎头鼠尾
- 虎飽/虎饱
- 虎骨酒
- 虎體元斑/虎体元斑
- 虎體熊腰/虎体熊腰 (hǔtǐxióngyāo)
- 虎體狼腰/虎体狼腰 (hǔ tǐ láng yāo)
- 虎體猿臂/虎体猿臂 (hǔ tǐ yuán bì)
- 虎體鵷班/虎体鹓班
- 虎鬚/虎须 (hǔxū)
- 虎鬥龍爭/虎斗龙争
- 虎鯊/虎鲨
- 虎鷙/虎鸷
- 彪虎生翼
- 彪軀虎體/彪躯虎体
- 蝦虎/虾虎 (xiāhǔ)
- 螭虎
- 蠅虎/蝇虎 (yínghǔ)
- 談虎色變/谈虎色变 (tánhǔsèbiàn)
- 調虎離山/调虎离山 (diàohǔlíshān)
- 豺狼虎豹 (cháilánghǔbào)
- 豺虎 (cháihǔ)
- 豺虎肆虐
- 貔虎
- 貙虎/䝙虎
- 蹈虎尾
- 身寄虎吻
- 鄭氏群虎/郑氏群虎
- 金牌虎符
- 銅虎符/铜虎符
- 阱中之虎
- 降龍伏虎/降龙伏虎
- 陽陵虎符/阳陵虎符
- 雌老虎
- 雨虎
- 雲龍風虎/云龙风虎
- 風虎雲龍/风虎云龙
- 飛虎山/飞虎山
- 飛虎隊/飞虎队 (Fēihǔduì)
- 飢虎撲食/饥虎扑食
- 飢鷹餓虎/饥鹰饿虎
- 養虎傷身/养虎伤身
- 養虎留患/养虎留患
- 養虎自齧/养虎自啮
- 養虎貽患/养虎贻患
- 養虎遺患/养虎遗患 (yǎnghǔyíhuàn)
- 餓虎吞羊/饿虎吞羊
- 餓虎撲羊/饿虎扑羊
- 餓虎撲食/饿虎扑食
- 餓虎擒羊/饿虎擒羊
- 餓虎飢鷹/饿虎饥鹰
- 馬虎子/马虎子
- 騎上老虎/骑上老虎
- 騎虎之勢/骑虎之势
- 騎虎難下/骑虎难下 (qíhǔnánxià)
- 驢蒙虎皮/驴蒙虎皮
- 魚虎/鱼虎 (yúhǔ)
- 魯魚帝虎/鲁鱼帝虎 (lǔyúdìhǔ)
- 鯨吞虎噬/鲸吞虎噬
- 鴟目虎吻/鸱目虎吻
- 鷹揚虎視/鹰扬虎视
- 龍吟虎嘯/龙吟虎啸
- 龍戰虎爭/龙战虎争
- 龍江虎浪/龙江虎浪
- 龍潭虎穴/龙潭虎穴
- 龍潭虎窟/龙潭虎窟
- 龍爭虎戰/龙争虎战
- 龍爭虎鬥/龙争虎斗
- 龍盤虎踞/龙盘虎踞 (lóngpánhǔjù)
- 龍睜虎眼/龙睁虎眼
- 龍虎/龙虎 (lónghǔ)
- 龍虎並伏/龙虎并伏
- 龍虎山/龙虎山 (Lónghǔ Shān)
- 龍虎日子/龙虎日子
- 龍虎榜/龙虎榜 (lónghǔbǎng)
- 龍虎鬥/龙虎斗
- 龍虎鳳/龙虎凤 (lónghǔfèng)
- 龍蟠虎踞/龙蟠虎踞 (lóngpánhǔjù)
- 龍行虎步/龙行虎步 (lóng xíng hǔ bù)
- 龍跳虎臥/龙跳虎卧
- 龍蹙虎振/龙蹙虎振
- 龍韜虎略/龙韬虎略
- 龍騰虎躍/龙腾虎跃 (lóngténghǔyuè)
- 龍驤虎步/龙骧虎步 (lóngxiānghǔbù)
- 龍驤虎視/龙骧虎视
References
[edit]- ^ Zheng Zining (undated) “The Historical Phonology of Tibetan, Burmese and Chinese. By Nathan W. HILL. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2019. Pp. xiv+373.” Book Review, p. 332
Etymology 2
[edit]trad. | 虎 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 虎 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hǔ
- Wade–Giles: hu3
- Yale: hǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huu
- Palladius: ху (xu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan, variant in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hu
- Wade–Giles: hu1
- Yale: hū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hu
- Palladius: ху (xu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fu1
- Yale: fū
- Cantonese Pinyin: fu1
- Guangdong Romanization: fu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fuː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fú
- Hakka Romanization System: fuˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: fu3
- Sinological IPA: /fu³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fù
- Hakka Romanization System: fuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: fu2
- Sinological IPA: /fu¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hó͘
- Tâi-lô: hóo
- Phofsit Daibuun: hor
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔ⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hu
- Tâi-lô: hu
- Phofsit Daibuun: hw
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hu⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hu1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hu
- Sinological IPA (key): /hu³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
Definitions
[edit]虎
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]trad. | 虎 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 虎 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hù
- Wade–Giles: hu4
- Yale: hù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huh
- Palladius: ху (xu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hǔ
- Wade–Giles: hu3
- Yale: hǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huu
- Palladius: ху (xu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fu2
- Yale: fú
- Cantonese Pinyin: fu2
- Guangdong Romanization: fu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /fuː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]虎
- Only used in 虎不拉 (hùbulǎ).
References
[edit]- “Entry #4498”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
虎 |
とら Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese to1ra,[1][2] from Proto-Japonic *tora.
Pellard (2013, 92) includes to1ra among words with o1 excepted from the /-o-/ to /-u-/ vowel-raising rule and not originating from earlier diphthongs. According to Vovin (2021, 111), West Old Japanese *to1ra, instead of expected *tura, is "anomalous" and possibly "a case of a sporadic analogical development".
Vovin (2013) asserts that this word is same as a Silla place name 刀良 (/*tora/), which matches the Old Japanese phonographic spelling.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a tiger (The mammal Panthera tigris)
Usage notes
[edit]As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as トラ.
Derived terms
[edit]- 牡虎 (osutora): a male tiger
- 雌虎 (mesutora): a female tiger
- 虎燕拳 (koenken): tiger swallow fist (fictional martial art)
- 虎穴 (koketsu)
- 虎口 (kokō)
- 虎視眈々 (koshitantan)
- 虎狼 (korō)
- 虎魚 (okoze)
- 虎巻 (torakan)
- 虎刈り (toragari)
- 虎狩り (toragari)
- 虎猫 (toraneko)
- 虎髭 (torahige)
- 虎鬚 (torahige)
- 虎斑 (torafu)
- 虎河豚 (torafugu)
- 大虎 (ōdora)
- 小虎 (kodora)
- 暴虎馮河 (bōkohyōga)
- 猛虎 (mōko)
- 虎落 (mogari)
- 虎落笛 (mogaribue)
- 竜虎 (ryūko), 竜虎 (ryōko)
- 竜攘虎搏 (ryūjōkohaku)
- 両虎 (ryōko)
- 虎に成る (tora ni naru)
- 寅 (tora)
Interjection
[edit]- (World War II, dated) clipping of 突撃雷撃 (totsugeki raigeki, “lightning attack”), used by Japanese soldiers to warn about an imminent attack.
Descendants
[edit]- → English: tora-tora
References
[edit]- ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke, Stephen Wright Horn, et al. (eds.) (2023) “Old Japanese twora”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese[1]
- ^ Thomas Pellard. Ryukyuan perspectives on the proto-Japonic vowel system. Frellesvig, Bjarke; Sells, Peter. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 20, CSLI Publications, pp.81–96, 2013, 9781575866383. ffhal01289288
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 虎 (MC xuX). Recorded as Middle Korean 호〯 (hwǒ) (Yale: hwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Okinawan
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Noun
[edit]虎 (tura)
Old Japanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Japonic *tora.
Pellard (2013, 92) includes to1ra among words with o1 excepted from the /-o-/ to /-u-/ vowel-raising rule and not originating from earlier diphthongs. According to Vovin (2021, 111), West Old Japanese *to1ra, instead of expected *tura, is "anomalous" and possibly "a case of a sporadic analogical development".
Vovin (2013) asserts that this word is same as a Silla place name 刀良 (/*tora/), which matches the Old Japanese phonographic spelling.
Noun
[edit]虎 (to1ra)
- tiger
- year of the Tiger
- Shōsōin document, text here
- [...] 次刀良〈年廿五二目盲、癈疾〉[...] 次刀良売〈年十二小女〉
- TUGI1 to1ra (TO2SI PA NIPU-GO1-NI ME2 NO2 MI1YAWU, POZITI) [...] TUGI1 to1ra-me2 (TO2SI PA ZIYUNI WOME1)
- [...] next, tora (Year 252; blind with chronical disease) [...] next, tora-me, (Year 12; young woman).
- Shōsōin document, text here
Reconstruction notes
[edit]This term is attested in the Man'yōshū only logographically, as 虎.
In the Shōsōin documents, the latter sense is attested phonographically, as a personal name variously called to1ra and to1ra-me2. See also the etymology for further attestations.
Descendants
[edit]- Japanese: 虎 (tora)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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