虎
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Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
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Han character[edit]
虎 (Kangxi radical 141, 虍+2, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜心竹弓 (YPHN) or 卜心竹山 (YPHU), four-corner 21217, composition ⿸虍儿(JKT) or ⿸虍几(GV))
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1073, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32675
- Dae Jaweon: page 1539, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2819, character 2
- Unihan data for U+864E
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 虎 | ||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | ||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script |
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Old Chinese | |
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唬 | *qʰraːs, *kʷraːɡ |
戲 | *qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː |
巇 | *qʰra |
隵 | *qʰra |
嚱 | *qʰras |
盧 | *b·raː |
鑪 | *raː |
壚 | *raː |
籚 | *raː |
蘆 | *raː, *ra |
顱 | *b·raː |
髗 | *b·raː |
鱸 | *raː |
攎 | *raː |
櫨 | *raː |
轤 | *raː |
黸 | *raː |
獹 | *raː |
鸕 | *raː |
艫 | *raː |
纑 | *raː |
瀘 | *raː |
瓐 | *raː |
爐 | *raː |
嚧 | *raː |
矑 | *b·raː |
罏 | *raː |
蠦 | *raː |
虜 | *raːʔ |
擄 | *raːʔ |
艣 | *raːʔ |
鐪 | *raːʔ |
虖 | *qʰaː, *qʰʷa, *qʰaː, *qʰʷa |
虍 | *qʰaː |
雐 | *qʰʷlaː |
虎 | *qʰlaːʔ |
琥 | *qʰlaːʔ |
萀 | *qʰlaːʔ |
臚 | *b·ra |
廬 | *ra |
驢 | *b·ra |
藘 | *ra |
爈 | *ra, *ras |
櫖 | *ra, *ras |
儢 | *raʔ |
慮 | *ras |
勴 | *ras |
鑢 | *ras |
濾 | *ras |
攄 | *r̥ʰa |
處 | *kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas |
豦 | *kas, *ɡa |
據 | *kas |
鐻 | *kas, *ɡa, *ɡaʔ |
澽 | *kas, *ɡas |
虛 | *kʰa, *qʰa |
墟 | *kʰa |
懅 | *ɡa |
蘧 | *ɡa, *ɡʷa |
籧 | *ɡa |
醵 | *ɡa, *ɡas, *ɡaɡ |
璩 | *ɡa |
虡 | *ɡaʔ |
遽 | *ɡas |
勮 | *ɡas |
噓 | *qʰa, *qʰas |
驉 | *qʰa |
歔 | *qʰa |
魖 | *qʰa |
膚 | *pla |
虧 | *kʰʷral |
噱 | *ɡaɡ |
臄 | *ɡaɡ |
劇 | *ɡaɡ |
諕 | *qʰʷraːɡ |
Pictogram (象形). 虍 represents the tiger's head. The torso has disappeared and the legs and the tail have transformed into 人 in the small seal script and later 儿 in the clerical script.
Etymology 1[edit]
trad. | 虎 | |
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simp. # | 虎 | |
alternative forms |

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-la (“tiger”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *klaʔ (“tiger”). Cognate with 菟 (OC *daː) in 於菟 (OC *qa daː, “tiger”). Compare Vietnamese khái ("tiger").
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
虎
- tiger
- 老虎 ― lǎohǔ ― tiger
- (figuratively) brave; fierce
- a surname
- (Northeastern Mandarin, derogatory) overbold; stupid
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
trad. | 虎 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 虎 |
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
虎
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
trad. | 虎 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 虎 |
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
虎
- Only used in 虎不拉 (hùbulǎ).
References[edit]
- “Entry #4498”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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虎 |
とら Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese to1ra.[1][2]
Pellard (2013:92) includes to1ra among words with o1 excepted from the /-o-/ to /-u-/ vowel-raising rule and not originating from earlier diphthongs. According to Vovin (2021:111), West Old Japanese *to1ra, instead of expected *tura, is "anomalous" and possibly "a case of a sporadic analogical development".[3]
Vovin (2013) asserts this word is same as a Silla place name 刀良 (/*tora/).[4]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a tiger (The mammal Panthera tigris)
Usage notes[edit]
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as トラ.
Derived terms[edit]
- 牡虎 (osutora): a male tiger
- 雌虎 (mesutora): a female tiger
- 虎燕拳 (koenken)
- 虎穴 (koketsu)
- 虎口 (kokō)
- 虎視眈々 (koshitantan)
- 虎狼 (korō)
- 虎魚 (okoze)
- 虎巻 (torakan)
- 虎刈り (toragari)
- 虎狩り (toragari)
- 虎猫 (toraneko)
- 虎髭 (torahige)
- 虎鬚 (torahige)
- 虎斑 (torafu)
- 虎河豚 (torafugu)
- 大虎 (ōdora)
- 小虎 (kodora)
- 暴虎馮河 (bōkohyōga)
- 猛虎 (mōko)
- 虎落 (mogari)
- 虎落笛 (mogaribue)
- 竜虎 (ryūko), 竜虎 (ryōko)
- 竜攘虎搏 (ryūjōkohaku)
- 両虎 (ryōko)
- 虎に成る (tora ni naru)
- 寅 (tora)
References[edit]
- ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke; Stephen Wright Horn; et al. (eds.) (2023), “Old Japanese twora”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese[1]
- ^ Thomas Pellard. Ryukyuan perspectives on the proto-Japonic vowel system. Frellesvig, Bjarke; Sells, Peter. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 20, CSLI Publications, pp.81–96, 2013, 9781575866383. ffhal01289288
- ^ Vovin, Alexander (2021), “Names of Large Exotic Animals and the Urheimat of Japonic”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics, issue 3, pages 105-120
- ^ Vovin, Alexander (2013), “From Koguryo to T'amna”, in Korean Linguistics[2] (PDF), volume 15, issue 2, John Benjamins Publishing Company, , pages 222-240
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 虎 (MC huoX). Recorded as Middle Korean 호〯 (hwǒ) (Yale: hwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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虎 |
とぅら Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Cognate with Japanese 虎 (tora, “tiger”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
虎 (tura)
References[edit]
- “とぅら【虎】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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