製造

See also: 制造

Chinese

		manufacture	to make; to build; to invent to make; to build; to invent; to manufacture
trad. (製造)		製	造
simp. (制造)		制	造

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhìzào

  (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ ㄗㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zai³ zou⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chṳ-chho

  (Hailu, HRS): zhi^ˇ co^˖

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chè-chō / chè-chǒ / chì-chō

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhìzào
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˋ ㄗㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhìhzào
    • Wade–Giles: chih⁴-tsao⁴
    • Yale: jr̀-dzàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyhtzaw
    • Palladius: чжицзао (čžiczao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zai³ zou⁶
    • Yale: jai jouh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzai³ dzou⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: zei³ zou⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐi̯³³ t͡sou̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ-chho
    • Hakka Romanization System: zii co
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zi⁴ co⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ⁵⁵ t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: zhi^ˇ co^˖
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃi¹¹ t͡sʰo³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè-chō
    • Tâi-lô: tsè-tsō
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zeazoi
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡so³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sɤ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ t͡so²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè-chǒ
    • Tâi-lô: tsè-tsǒ
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡so²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /t͡se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡so³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chì-chō
    • Tâi-lô: tsì-tsō
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciezoi
    • Sinological IPA (Yilan): /t͡si²¹⁻⁵³ t͡so³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡si²¹⁻⁵³ t͡so²²/

Verb

製造

1. to manufacture; to make; to fabricate

   製造計算機／制造计算机  ―  zhìzào jìsuànjī  ―  to make computers

   製造藥品／制造药品  ―  zhìzào yàopǐn  ―  to make pharmaceuticals

   製造飛機／制造飞机  ―  zhìzào fēijī  ―  to manufacture airplanes

   智能製造／智能制造  ―  zhìnéng zhìzào  ―  intelligent manufacturing

   中國水密隔艙福船製造技藝 [MSC, trad.]
   中国水密隔舱福船制造技艺 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhōngguó shuǐmì gécāng fúchuán zhìzào jìyì [Pinyin]

   the watertight-bulkhead technology of Chinese junks

2. to fabricate (a lie); to spread (a rumour); to create (fear, noise, etc.)

   製造恐慌／制造恐慌  ―  zhìzào kǒnghuāng  ―  to create fear

   房客如果製造噪音而影響安寧，怎麼辦？ [MSC, trad.]
   房客如果制造噪音而影响安宁，怎么办？ [MSC, simp.]

   Fángkè rúguǒ zhìzào zàoyīn ér yǐngxiǎng ānníng, zěnmebàn? [Pinyin]

   What do you do if tenants create noise and affect the (area’s) tranquility?

Synonyms

• (to manufacture): 造作 (zàozuò), 製作／制作 (zhìzuò)
• (to create): 創造／创造 (chuàngzào), 營造／营造 (yíngzào)

Derived terms

• 智造 (zhìzào)
• 製造商 / 制造商 (zhìzàoshāng)
• 製造廠 / 制造厂 (zhìzàochǎng)
• 製造業 / 制造业 (zhìzàoyè)
• 製造術 / 制造术 (zhìzàoshù)

Related terms

• 超產／超产 (chāochǎn)
• 生產／生产 (shēngchǎn)
• 投產／投产 (tóuchǎn)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
製	造
せい Grade: 5	ぞう Grade: 5
on'yomi	goon

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) せーぞー [sèézóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [se̞ːzo̞ː]

Noun

製(せい)造(ぞう) • (seizō) 

1. manufacturing

Verb

製(せい)造(ぞう)する • (seizō suru) transitive suru (stem 製(せい)造(ぞう)し (seizō shi), past 製(せい)造(ぞう)した (seizō shita))

1. manufacture
   • 2025 April 2, 村上智信, quotee, “第217回国会　衆議院　経済産業委員会　第6号　令和7年4月2日”, in 国会会議録検索システム‎^[1], 国立国会図書館:

     確かに、二ナノの半導体を製造するのは非常にハードルが高いというふうに思います。

     Tashika ni, ni nano no handōtai o seizō suru no wa hijō ni hādoru ga takai to iu fū ni omoi-masu.

     It is true that manufacturing two-nanometer semiconductors is an extremely high hurdle.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "製造する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	製造し	せいぞうし	seizō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	製造し	せいぞうし	seizō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	製造する	せいぞうする	seizō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	製造する	せいぞうする	seizō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	製造すれ	せいぞうすれ	seizō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	製造せよ¹ 製造しろ²	せいぞうせよ¹ せいぞうしろ²	seizō seyo¹ seizō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	製造される	せいぞうされる	seizō sareru
Causative	製造させる 製造さす	せいぞうさせる せいぞうさす	seizō saseru seizō sasu
Potential	製造できる	せいぞうできる	seizō dekiru
Volitional	製造しよう	せいぞうしよう	seizō shiyō
Negative	製造しない	せいぞうしない	seizō shinai
Negative continuative	製造せず	せいぞうせず	seizō sezu
Formal	製造します	せいぞうします	seizō shimasu
Perfective	製造した	せいぞうした	seizō shita
Conjunctive	製造して	せいぞうして	seizō shite
Hypothetical conditional	製造すれば	せいぞうすれば	seizō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

• “製造”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
製	造

Noun

製造 • (jejo) (hangeul 제조)

1. hanja form^? of 제조 (“manufacture”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
製	造

Verb

製造

1. chữ Hán form of chế tạo (“to manufacture”)