要

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See also: 贾
要 U+8981, 要
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8981
← 覀
[U+8980] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 覂 →
[U+8982]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
9 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

要 (Kangxi radical 146, 襾+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一田女 (MWV), four-corner 10404, composition ⿱覀女)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1128, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34768
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1597, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2805, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+8981

Chinese[edit]

trad. 要
simp. # 要
2nd round simp. ⿱⺄女

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 要
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (要) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
腰 *qew
要 *qew, *qews
葽 *qew, *qews, *qeːw, *qeːwʔ
喓 *qew
闄 *qewʔ
偠 *qeːwʔ
騕 *qeːwʔ
婹 *qeːwʔ

Pictogram (象形): a woman (女) with two hands pointing to her midsection.

Original meaning was “waist” (now 腰 (OC *qew)). The hands gradually shifted upwards; the 覀 in the modern form evolved from the hands and the woman's head.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • iou1 - Chaozhou;
  • iao1 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 要
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 影 (34)
    Final (韻) 宵 (91)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 於霄切
    Baxter 'jiew
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʔiᴇu/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʔiɛu/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʔjæu/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʔiaw/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʔiɛu/
    Wang
    Li         		/ĭɛu/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʔi̯ɛu/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yāo
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jiu1
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 要
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 14748
    Phonetic
    component         		要
    Rime
    group         		宵
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		要
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qew/
    This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!
    Particularly: “Taishanese”

    Definitions[edit]

    要

    1. to demand; to ask; to request
      要求  ―  yāoqiú  ―  to request
    2. to force; to coerce
      要脅／要胁  ―  yāoxié  ―  to threaten, to blackmail
    3. to promise
      要約／要约  ―  yāoyuē  ―  to restrict, to agree to a contract/offer/bid
    4. to block; to intercept
      要擊／要击  ―  yāojī  ―  to intercept, to ambush
    5. (obsolete) Alternative form of 邀 (“to invite”)
    6. (obsolete) Alternative form of 腰 (“waist”)
    7. (obsolete) contract of alliance
      久要  ―  jiǔyāo  ―  former contract
    8. a surname

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (要):
    • → Japanese: 要(よう) (yō)
    • → Korean: 요(要) (yo)
    • → Vietnamese: yêu (要)

    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Note:
    • iou3 - Chaozhou;
    • iao3 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 要
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 影 (34)
    Final (韻) 宵 (91)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 於笑切
    Baxter 'jiewH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʔiᴇuH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʔiɛuH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʔjæuH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʔiawH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʔiɛuH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ĭɛuH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʔi̯ɛuH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yào
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jiu3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 要
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yào
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ʔjiewH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[q]ew(k)-s/
    English important

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 要
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 14752
    Phonetic
    component         		要
    Rime
    group         		宵
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		要
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qews/

    Definitions[edit]

    要

    1. to want; to wish
      我要睡覺。／我要睡觉。  ―  Wǒ yào shuìjiào.  ―  I want to sleep.
      你要不要喝茶？  ―  Nǐ yào bù yào hē chá?  ―  Do you want some tea?
    2. to wish to have or keep
      你要番茄醬嗎？／你要番茄酱吗？  ―  Nǐ yào fānqiéjiàng ma?  ―  Do you want ketchup?
      這本書你還要嗎？／这本书你还要吗？  ―  Zhè běn shū nǐ hái yào ma?  ―  Do you still want this book?
      他想要一部新手機。 [MSC, trad.]
      他想要一部新手机。 [MSC, simp.]
      Tā xiǎng yào yī bù xīn shǒujī. [Pinyin]
      He wants to have a new cell phone.
    3. to ask for
      我要了一瓶啤酒。  ―  Wǒ yào le yī píng píjiǔ.  ―  I asked for a bottle of beer.
      弟弟又跟媽媽要錢了。 [MSC, trad.]
      弟弟又跟妈妈要钱了。 [MSC, simp.]
      Dìdì yòu gēn māmā yào qián le. [Pinyin]
      My brother asked mom for money again.
    4. to request
      他要我給他買本書。 [MSC, trad.]
      他要我给他买本书。 [MSC, simp.]
      Tā yào wǒ gěi tā mǎi běn shū. [Pinyin]
      He requested that I buy a book for him.
      老闆要我馬上回覆。 [MSC, trad.]
      老板要我马上回覆。 [MSC, simp.]
      Lǎobǎn yào wǒ mǎshàng huífù. [Pinyin]
      My boss demanded that I reply immediately.
    5. to need
      從這裡到上海要兩個小時。 [MSC, trad.]
      从这里到上海要两个小时。 [MSC, simp.]
      Cóng zhèlǐ dào Shànghǎi yào liǎng ge xiǎoshí. [Pinyin]
      It takes two hours to reach Shanghai from here.
      養大一個孩子要多少錢？ [MSC, trad.]
      养大一个孩子要多少钱？ [MSC, simp.]
      Yǎng dà yī ge háizǐ yào duōshào qián? [Pinyin]
      How much does it take to raise a child?
    6. will; going to (future auxiliary)
      我要走了。  ―  Wǒ yào zǒu le.  ―  I am going to go.
      我怕我們要遲到了。 [MSC, trad.]
      我怕我们要迟到了。 [MSC, simp.]
      Wǒ pà wǒmen yào chídào le. [Pinyin]
      I fear that we will be late.
      出便咁黑，又好似要落雨噉。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
      ceot1 bin6 gam3 hak1, jau6 hou2 ci5 jiu3 lok6 jyu5 gam2. [Jyutping]
      It looks like it's going to rain outside.
    7. should; must; to have to
      不要喝酒。  ―  Bùyào hē jiǔ.  ―  Don't drink alcohol.
      你今天一定要去看病。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
      Nǐ jīntiān yīdìng yào qù kànbìng. [Pinyin]
      You must go to the doctor today.
      你要等一會兒，我的老闆現在正忙得不可開交。 [MSC, trad.]
      你要等一会儿，我的老板现在正忙得不可开交。 [MSC, simp.]
      Nǐ yào děng yīhuìr, wǒ de lǎobǎn xiànzài zhèng máng de bùkěkāijiāo. [Pinyin]
      You have to wait a moment. My boss is extremely busy now.
    8. vital; important
      要職／要职  ―  yàozhí  ―  important post
      主要  ―  zhǔyào  ―  main
    9. important points; essentials
    10. if; in case of
      要繫腰帶，就用不著吊帶了。 [MSC, trad.]
      要系腰带，就用不着吊带了。 [MSC, simp.]
      Yào jì yāodài, jiù yòngbùzháo diàodài le. [Pinyin]
      You don't need braces if you're wearing a belt.
    11. (dated Shanghainese Wu) Used to indicate the future tense.
      Synonym: 快

    Usage notes[edit]

    • Beware that 要飯／要饭 (yàofàn, literally “to want rice”) is a phrase with the meaning "to be a beggar/loafer" which is insulting to others and should be avoided when asking a person whether they want rice.

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 要 (“to want (to do something)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 欲1
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 要, 欲1
    Mandarin Beijing 要
    Taiwan 要, 想
    Jinan 要
    Xi'an 要
    Wuhan 要
    Chengdu 要
    Guilin 要
    Yangzhou 要
    Hefei 要
    Malaysia 要
    Singapore 要
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 要
    Cantonese Guangzhou 要, 想
    Hong Kong 要, 想
    Shenzhen (Dapeng) 愛
    Yangjiang 愛
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 要, 想, 愛
    Singapore (Guangfu) 要, 想
    Gan Nanchang 要
    Hakka Meixian 愛
    Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 愛
    Wuhua (Meilin) 愛
    Zijin 愛
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 愛
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 愛
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 愛
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 愛
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 愛
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 愛, 討
    Kuching (Hepo) 愛
    Jin Taiyuan 要
    Min Bei Jian'ou 讓
    Min Dong Fuzhou 欲3
    Min Nan Xiamen 欲3
    Quanzhou 欲3
    Jinjiang 欲3
    Zhangzhou 欲3
    Taipei 欲3
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 欲3
    Kaohsiung 欲3
    Yilan 欲3
    Changhua (Lukang) 欲3
    Taichung 欲3
    Tainan 欲3
    Hsinchu 欲3
    Kinmen 欲3
    Penghu (Magong) 欲3
    Penang (Hokkien) 愛
    Singapore (Hokkien) 愛, 欲3
    Manila (Hokkien) 欲3, 愛
    Medan (Hokkien) 愛
    Chaozhou 愛
    Shantou 愛
    Haifeng 愛
    Singapore (Teochew) 愛
    Wenchang 欲3
    Qionghai 欲3
    Singapore (Hainanese) 欲3
    Wu Shanghai 要
    Suzhou 要
    Wenzhou 愛
    Lishui 樂
    Xiang Changsha 要
    Shuangfeng 要
    Dialectal synonyms of 要 (“to wish to have; to want (an object)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 要
    Mandarin Beijing 要
    Taiwan 要
    Yantai (Muping) 要
    Jinan 要
    Wanrong 要
    Xi'an 要
    Wuhan 要
    Chengdu 要
    Guiyang 要
    Guilin 要
    Hefei 要
    Singapore 要
    Cantonese Guangzhou 要, 愛
    Hong Kong 要, 愛
    Yangjiang 愛, 捰
    Singapore (Guangfu) 要
    Gan Nanchang 要
    Lichuan 要
    Hakka Meixian 愛
    Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 愛
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 愛
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 愛
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 愛
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 愛
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 愛
    Huizhou Jixi 要
    Jin Taiyuan 要
    Min Bei Jian'ou 讓
    Min Dong Fuzhou 欲挃, 挃
    Min Nan Xiamen 欲挃
    Quanzhou 欲挃
    Zhangzhou 欲挃
    Tainan 欲挃
    Singapore (Hokkien) 愛
    Manila (Hokkien) 欲挃, 挃, 愛
    Chaozhou 愛
    Jieyang 愛
    Singapore (Teochew) 愛
    Wenchang 要
    Singapore (Hainanese) 要
    Wu Suzhou 要
    Wenzhou 要
    Xiang Changsha 要
    Loudi 要

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (要):

    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 3[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    要

    1. (archaic) Alternative form of 偠 (yǎo)
    2. Used in 要褭／要袅.

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai 要
    Kyūjitai
    [1]
    要󠄁
    要+&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    要󠄃
    要+&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.
    See also 要する

    Kanji[edit]

    要

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. need, necessity
    2. essential

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    要
    よう
    Grade: 4
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 要 (MC 'jiew|'jiewH).

    First cited to 611.[2]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    要(よう) • (yō) ←えう (eu)?

    1. [611] key, important point
    2. [circa 999] essential piece of something, requirement

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    要
    かなめ
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    要 (kaname, kanome): the kaname is the metal rivet at the base of the handle.
    要 (kaname, kanome): close-up of the kaname of a fan.

    /kani no me/ → /kanome/ → /kaname/

    A shift from older 蟹の目 (kani no me, “crab's eye”) from a superficial resemblance of the round pinhead of a folding fan to a crab's eye, influenced by a reanalysis of the term as 金目 (kaname, literally “metal” + visually prominent feature), as the pins were increasingly made from metal instead of earlier bamboo, wood, or whalebone.

    First cited to 1220.[2]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    要(かなめ) • (kaname) 

    1. [1254] a pin or rivet holding the spines of a folding fan together
      Synonyms: 要 (kanome), 蟹の目 (kani no me)
    2. [1220] (by extension) a pivot, cornerstone, keystone
      Synonym: (cornerstone, keystone) 要石 (kaname ishi)
    3. [1612] a pin, often decorated, holding the handle to the tang of a katana
      Synonym: 目貫 (menuki)
    4. [1712] short for 要黐 (kaname mochi), a tree, Japanese photinia (Photinia glabra)
      Synonyms: カナメモチ (kaname mochi), (kanji spelling seems to be less common) 要黐 (kaname mochi)
    5. [1906] (architecture) in a certain kind of traditional Japanese hip roof where the rafters splay out like the spines of a fan, the central point to which the rafter lines converge
      Coordinate term: (literally “fan rafter”) 扇垂木 (ōgi taruki)

    Proper noun[edit]

    要(かなめ) • (Kaname) 

    1. a female given name

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    要
    かのめ
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    /kani no me/ → /kanome/

    A shift from older 蟹の目 (kani no me, “crab's eye”) from a superficial resemblance of the round pinhead of a folding fan to a crab's eye, influenced by a reanalysis of the term as 金目 (kaname, literally “metal” + visually prominent feature), as the pins were increasingly made from metal instead of earlier bamboo, wood, or whalebone.

    First cited to roughly 1140.[2] This reading may be obsolete, and it is not included in some dictionaries.[3][4][5]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    要(かのめ) • (kanome) 

    1. [circa 1140] (archaic, possibly obsolete) the pin or rivet holding the spines of a folding fan together
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    要
    ぬみ
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    Kanji in this term
    要
    ぬま
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spelling
    要害

    From Old Japanese. Further derivation unknown.

    First cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE, listed with both readings numa and numi.[2]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    要(ぬま) or 要(ぬみ) • (numa or numi) 

    1. [720] (archaic, possibly obsolete) fortress, redoubt
    2. [720] (archaic, possibly obsolete) important point, key

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1937 (paper), page 1020 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Further reading[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    要 (eumhun 중요할 요 (jung'yohal yo))

    1. Hanja form? of 요 (“importance”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    要: Hán Nôm readings: yếu, yêu

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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