記憶
Appearance
See also: 记忆
Chinese
[edit]to remember; to note; mark to remember; to note; mark; sign; to record |
remember | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (記憶) | 記 | 憶 | |
| simp. (记忆) | 记 | 忆 | |
| anagram | 憶記/忆记 | ||
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin: jìyì
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ ㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jìyì
- Wade–Giles: chi4-i4
- Yale: jì-yì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jihyih
- Palladius: цзии (czii)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/
- Homophones:
寄意
技藝 / 技艺
計議 / 计议
記憶 / 记忆
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gei3 jik1
- Yale: gei yīk
- Cantonese Pinyin: gei3 jik7
- Guangdong Romanization: géi3 yig1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kei̯³³ jɪk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ki-yi
- Hakka Romanization System: gi i
- Hagfa Pinyim: gi4 yi4
- Sinological IPA: /ki⁵⁵ i⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ki-yi
- Hakka Romanization System: gi (r)i
- Hagfa Pinyim: gi4 yi4
- Sinological IPA: /ki⁵⁵ (j)i⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: giˇ rhiˇ
- Sinological IPA: /ki¹¹ ʒi¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kì-iak
- Tâi-lô: kì-iak
- Phofsit Daibuun: kie'iag
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /ki⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iak̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gi3 i3 / gi3 êg4 / gi3 êg8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kì ì / kì ek / kì e̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /ki²¹³⁻⁵⁵ i²¹³/, /ki²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ek̚²/, /ki²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ek̚⁴/
Note: gi3 êg4 - Jieyang.
- Middle Chinese: kiH 'ik
Verb
[edit]記憶
Synonyms
[edit]- 回味 (huíwèi) (to recall something and ponder it)
- 回念 (huíniàn)
- 回想 (huíxiǎng)
- 回憶 / 回忆 (huíyì)
- 回溯 (huísù)
- 回顧 / 回顾 (huígù)
- 回首 (huíshǒu)
- 思古 (sīgǔ) (literary, to be nostalgic for antiquity)
- 感念 (gǎnniàn) (to recall fondly)
- 感懷 / 感怀 (gǎnhuái) (to recall with emotion)
- 想起 (xiǎngqǐ)
- 憶 / 忆 (yì)
- 憶想 / 忆想 (yìxiǎng)
- 懷古 / 怀古 (huáigǔ) (literary, to be nostalgic for antiquity)
- 浮想 (fúxiǎng)
- 留戀 / 留恋 (liúliàn) (to recall with nostalgia)
- 緬想 / 缅想 (miǎnxiǎng)
- 緬懷 / 缅怀 (miǎnhuái) (to cherish the memory of, especially the deceased)
- 記 / 记 (jì)
- 記得 / 记得 (jìde)
- 記起 / 记起 (jìqǐ)
- 諗起 / 谂起 (nam2 hei2) (Cantonese)
- 追 (literary, or in compounds)
- 追念 (zhuīniàn)
- 追思 (zhuīsī) (especially the deceased)
- 追想 (zhuīxiǎng)
- 追憶 / 追忆 (zhuīyì)
- 追懷 / 追怀 (zhuīhuái)
- 遙想 / 遥想 (yáoxiǎng)
Noun
[edit]記憶
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 記 | 憶 |
| き Grade: 2 |
おく Grade: S |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): [kʲio̞kɯ̟]
- (Tokyo) きおく [kìókú] (Heiban – [0])[1][2][3][4]
- (Kyōto) きおく [kìókú] (Heiban – [0])[4]
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 記憶する
| Plain | 記憶する | きおく・する | [kìókú sùrú] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 記憶して | きおく・して | [kìókú shìté] |
| Perfective | 記憶した | きおく・した | [kìókú shìtá] |
| Negative | 記憶しない | きおく・しない | [kìókú shìnáí] |
| Negative perfective | 記憶しなかった | きおく・しなかった | [kìókú shìnáꜜkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 記憶すれば | きおく・すれば | [kìókú sùréꜜbà] |
| Past conditional | 記憶したら | きおく・したら | [kìókú shìtáꜜrà] |
| Imperative | 記憶しろ 記憶せよ |
きおく・しろ きおく・せよ |
[kìókú shìró] [kìókú séꜜyò] |
| Volitional | 記憶しよう | きおく・しよー | [kìókú shìyóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 記憶したい | きおく・したい | [kìókú shìtáí] |
| Formal | 記憶します | きおく・します | [kìókú shìmáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 記憶しません | きおく・しません | [kìókú shìmáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 記憶しましょう | きおく・しましょー | [kìókú shìmáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 記憶しました | きおく・しました | [kìókú shìmáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 記憶し 記憶しに |
きおく・し きおく・しに |
[kìókú shì] [kìókú shì ní] |
| Negative continuative | 記憶せず 記憶せずに |
きおく・せず きおく・せずに |
[kìókú séꜜzù] [kìókú séꜜzù nì] |
| Passive | 記憶される | きおく・される | [kìókú sàrérú] |
| Causative | 記憶させる 記憶さす |
きおく・させる きおく・さす |
[kìókú sàsérú] [kìókú sàsú] |
| Potential | 記憶できる | きおく・できる | [kìókú dèkíꜜrù] |
Noun
[edit]- memory; recollection; remembrance
- 2015 October 2, “見捨てられた神々の神殿 [Shrine of the Forsaken Gods]”, in 戦乱のゼンディカー [Warring Zendikar], Wizards of the Coast:
- マーフォークがウーラ、エメリア、コーシと呼び崇めていた三神は、実際にはウラモグ、エムラクール、コジレックという三大エルドラージの誤った記憶でしかなかった。
- Māfōku ga Ūra, Emeria, Kōshi to yobi agameteita sanjin wa, jissai ni wa Uramogu, Emurakūru, Kojirekku to iu sandai Erudorāji no ayamatta kioku de shika nakatta.
- The three gods known to the merfolk as Ula, Emeria, and Cosi were nothing more than false memories of a monstrous trinity, the Eldrazi titans Ulamog, Emrakul, and Kozilek.
- マーフォークがウーラ、エメリア、コーシと呼び崇めていた三神は、実際にはウラモグ、エムラクール、コジレックという三大エルドラージの誤った記憶でしかなかった。
Verb
[edit]記憶する • (kioku suru) transitive suru (stem 記憶し (kioku shi), past 記憶した (kioku shita))
- to remember; to memorize; to recollect
- 2021 December 21, 杉尾秀哉, quotee, “第207回国会 参議院 本会議 第5号 令和3年12月21日”, in 国会会議録検索システム[2], 国立国会図書館, retrieved 10 January 2026:
- エビングハウスは、人間は物事を記憶してから一日後には急激に記憶を失っていくという忘却曲線を発見しました。
- Ebinguhausu wa, ningen wa monogoto o kioku shite kara ichinichi-go ni wa kyūgeki ni kioku o ushinatte iku to iu bōkyaku kyokusen o hakken shi-mashita.
- Ebbinghaus discovered the forgetting curve, which shows that humans rapidly lose memory of something within a day of remembering it.
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 記憶し | きおくし | kioku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 記憶し | きおくし | kioku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 記憶する | きおくする | kioku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 記憶する | きおくする | kioku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 記憶すれ | きおくすれ | kioku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 記憶せよ¹ 記憶しろ² |
きおくせよ¹ きおくしろ² |
kioku seyo¹ kioku shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 記憶される | きおくされる | kioku sareru |
| Causative | 記憶させる 記憶さす |
きおくさせる きおくさす |
kioku saseru kioku sasu |
| Potential | 記憶できる | きおくできる | kioku dekiru |
| Volitional | 記憶しよう | きおくしよう | kioku shiyō |
| Negative | 記憶しない | きおくしない | kioku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 記憶せず | きおくせず | kioku sezu |
| Formal | 記憶します | きおくします | kioku shimasu |
| Perfective | 記憶した | きおくした | kioku shita |
| Conjunctive | 記憶して | きおくして | kioku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 記憶すれば | きおくすれば | kioku sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
[edit]- Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 “記憶
”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- “記憶”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][3] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 記 | 憶 |
Noun
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 記 | 憶 |
Noun
[edit]記憶
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