話

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See also: 话
話 U+8A71, 話
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A71
← 詰
[U+8A70] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 該 →
[U+8A72]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

話 (radical 149, 言+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜口竹十口 (YRHJR), four-corner 02664, composition ⿰言舌)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1158, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35441
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1624, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3965, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+8A71

Chinese[edit]

trad. 話
simp. 话
alternative forms 䛡

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 話
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
話-seal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (桰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
咶 *qʰroːds, *qʰroːds, *ɡroːd
話 *ɡroːds
刮 *kroːd
鴰 *kroːd, *koːd
趏 *kroːd, *kʰroːd
舌 *ɡroːd, *ɦbljed
姡 *ɡroːd, *ɡoːd
頢 *ɡroːd, *koːd
括 *koːd
活 *koːd, *ɡoːd
适 *koːd, *kʰoːd
栝 *koːd, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
佸 *koːd, *ɡoːd
髺 *koːd
聒 *koːd
銛 *koːd, *slem, *l̥ʰeːmʔ
葀 *koːd
懖 *koːd
筈 *koːd, *kʰoːd
萿 *koːd
蛞 *kʰoːd
闊 *kʰoːd
秳 *ɡoːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡroːds): semantic 言 (“word”) + phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd). The right component is not related to 舌 (OC *ɦbljed, “tongue”).

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with 曰 (OC *ɢʷad) according to Sagart (1999); if so, it is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grwas (“to speak; word”), whence Tibetan གྲོས་སྡུར་བྱེད་པ (gros sdur byed pa, “to consult; to discuss”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: huǎ - only used in certain compounds, e.g. 話白, 話撇.
Note:
  • waa6-2 - “dialect; language; particle”;
  • waa6 - other senses.
Note:
  • va5* - “dialect; language”;
  • va5 - other senses.
  • Gan
    • Note:
    • ua5 - vernacular;
    • fa5 - literary.
  • Hakka
    • Note:
    • Meixian:
      • va4 - vernacular (verb);
      • fa4 - literary (noun).
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
    • Note:
    • uā - vernacular (verb);
    • huā - literary (noun).
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • ōe/ōa - vernacular (ōa - rare in Xiamen);
    • hōa - literary.
  • Wu
    • Note:
    • 3hho - vernacular;
    • 3hhua - literary.
  • Xiang
    • Note:
    • fa5 - vernacular;
    • fa4 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 話
    Mandarin Beijing /xua⁵¹/
    Harbin /xua⁵³/
    Tianjin /xuɑ⁵³/
    Jinan /xua²¹/
    Qingdao /xua⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /xua³¹²/
    Xi'an /xua⁴⁴/
    Xining /xua²¹³/
    Yinchuan /xua¹³/
    Lanzhou /xua¹³/
    Ürümqi /xua²¹³/
    Wuhan /xua³⁵/
    Chengdu /xua¹³/
    Guiyang /xua²¹³/
    Kunming /xua̠²¹²/
    Nanjing /xuɑ⁴⁴/
    Hefei /xua⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /xua⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /xuɑ³⁵/
    Hohhot /xua⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦo²³/
    /ɦua²³/
    Suzhou /ɦo³¹/
    Hangzhou /ɦuɑ¹³/ 名
    /ɦuo¹³/ 動
    Wenzhou /ɦo²²/
    Hui Shexian /xua²²/
    /ua²²/
    Tunxi /uːə¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /fa⁵⁵/
    /fa¹¹/
    Xiangtan /uɒ²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /uɑ²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /fa⁵³/
    Taoyuan /fɑ⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /wa²²/ 白～
    /wa³⁵/ 說～
    Nanning /wa²²/
    Hong Kong /wa²²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hua²²/
    /ue²²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /uɑ²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ua⁴⁴/ 動
    /xua⁴⁴/ 名
    Shantou (Min Nan) /ue³¹/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /hua³⁵/
    /ue²³/
    Rime
    Character 話
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 夬 (30)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 下快切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦˠuaiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦʷᵚaiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣuaiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦwaɨjsH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣuaiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣwæiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɣwaiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		huài
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 話
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		huà
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hwaejH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[g]ʷˁrat-s/
    English speak; words

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 話
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 7558
    Phonetic
    component         		桰
    Rime
    group         		祭
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		話
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡroːds/

    Definitions[edit]

    話

    1. speech; talk; language
    2. what somebody said; (somebody's) words (Classifier: 句)
    3. dialect; language
      四川話 / 四川话  ―  sìchuānhuà  ―  Sichuanese dialect
      越南話 / 越南话  ―  yuènánhuà  ―  Vietnamese language
    4. (Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Min Bei) to say; to refer to; to talk about
      使乜話俾佢聽呢。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      使乜话俾佢听呢。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      Sai2 mat1 waa6 bei2 keoi5 teng1 ne1. [Jyutping]
      What do you need to tell him/her for.
      話緊佢自己 / 话紧佢自己 [Cantonese]  ―  waa6 gan2 keoi5 zi6 gei2 [Jyutping]  ―  talking about himself/herself
    5. (Cantonese, Hakka) to tell someone off; to scold
      唔話佢呢，佢就會繼續做落去。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      唔话佢呢，佢就会继续做落去。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      M4 waa6 keoi5 ne1, keoi5 zau6 wui5 gai3 zuk6 zou6 lok6 heoi3. [Jyutping]
      If you don't tell him off, he will continue to do it.
    6. (Cantonese) to think; to feel; to consider; to say
      你話點算好？ / 你话点算好？ [Cantonese]  ―  Nei5 waa6 dim2 syun3 hou2? [Jyutping]  ―  What do you say we should do?
      你話邊個會抵啲呢？ [Cantonese, trad.]
      你话边个会抵啲呢？ [Cantonese, simp.]
      Nei5 waa6 bin1 go3 wui5 dai2 di1 ne1? [Jyutping]
      Which one do you say is the thriftier choice?
    7. (Cantonese) Sentence-final particle used to ask someone to repeat previous information.
      頭先你叫我做咩㗎話？ [Cantonese, trad.]
      头先你叫我做咩㗎话？ [Cantonese, simp.]
      Tau4 sin1 nei5 giu3 ngo5 zou6 me1 gaa3 waa6-2? [Jyutping]
      What did you want me to do just now?

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 說 (“to say, to speak”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 言, 云, 曰, 道
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 說
    Mandarin Beijing 說
    Taiwan 說, 講
    Tianjin 說
    Jinan 說
    Xi'an 說
    Wuhan 說
    Chengdu 說
    Guilin 講
    Hefei 講
    Malaysia 講, 說
    Singapore 講, 說
    Cantonese Guangzhou 講, 話
    Hong Kong 講, 話
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 講, 話
    Doumen 講
    Yunfu 話
    Yangjiang 講, 話
    Danzhou 講
    Kuala Lumpur 講, 話
    Singapore 講, 話
    Gan Nanchang 話
    Hakka Meixian 講, 話
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 講
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 講
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 講
    Dongshi (Dabu) 講
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 講
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 講
    Jin Taiyuan 說
    Min Bei Jian'ou 話
    Min Dong Fuzhou 講
    Min Nan Xiamen 講
    Quanzhou 說
    Zhangzhou 講
    Taipei 講
    Kaohsiung 講
    Tainan 講
    Penang (Hokkien) 講
    Singapore (Hokkien) 講
    Philippines (Manila Hokkien) 說, 講
    Chaozhou 呾
    Shantou 呾
    Jieyang 呾
    Haifeng 講
    Singapore (Teochew) 呾
    Wenchang 講
    Haikou 講
    Wu Shanghai 講
    Suzhou 講, 說
    Wenzhou 講
    Xiang Changsha 講
    Shuangfeng 曰, 講

    See also[edit]

    • 指 (zhǐ)
    • (to tell someone off): 鬧／闹 (naau6, “to scold”)

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 話

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (話):
    • → Japanese: 話(わ) (wa)
    • → Vietnamese: thoại (話)

    Others:

    Further reading[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    話

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings[edit]

    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    話
    はなし
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    話(はなし) • (hanashi) 

    1. talking; speaking; speech; conversation
      何(なん)の話(はなし)をしてるの？
      Nan no hanashi o shiteru no?
      What are you guys talking about?
    2. story; tale; narrative
      「ざしき童(ぼっ)子(こ)のはなし」
      “Zashiki-bokko no Hanashi”
      The Story of the Zashiki-bokko
    3. a topic; a subject; that which is spoken about
    4. rumors; rumours
    5. negotiation; consultation; discussion
    6. lecture; speech

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Counter[edit]

    話(わ) • (-wa) 

    1. Counter for stories.
    2. Counter for episodes of TV shows.
      第(だい)１(いち)話(わ) ― daiichiwa ― episode 1

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    話 (eumhun 말할 화 (malhal hwa))

    1. to speak

    Kunigami[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    話

    Readings[edit]

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    話 (hiragana ぱなーしー, romaji phanāshī)

    1. conversation
    2. speech
    3. story

    Miyako[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    話

    Readings[edit]

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    話 (hiragana ぱなす, romaji panasu)

    1. conversation
    2. speech
    3. story

    Okinawan[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    話

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    話
    はなし
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    話 (hiragana はなし, rōmaji hanashi)

    1. conversation
    2. speech
    3. story

    References[edit]

    • “ハナシ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    話 (thoại)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Yaeyama[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    話

    Readings[edit]

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    話 (hiragana ぱなしぃ, romaji panasï)

    1. conversation
    2. speech
    3. story
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