負

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See also: 负
負 U+8CA0, 負
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CA0
← 貟
[U+8C9F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 財 →
[U+8CA1]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character[edit]

負 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+2, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓月山金 (NBUC), four-corner 27806, composition ⿱⺈貝(GHTJV) or ⿱勹貝(K) or ⿱刀貝)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1204, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36660
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1665, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3623, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+8CA0

Chinese[edit]

trad. 負
simp. 负

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (負) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
負 *bɯʔ
萯 *bɯʔ
蝜 *bɯʔ
偩 *bɯʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): ⺈ (“person”) + 貝 (“cowry”).

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ba (“carry, shoulder”).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 負
Mandarin Beijing /fu⁵¹/
Harbin /fu²⁴/
Tianjin /fu⁵³/
Jinan /fu²¹/
Qingdao /fu⁴²/
Zhengzhou /fu³¹²/
Xi'an /fu⁴⁴/
Xining /fv̩⁵³/
Yinchuan /fu¹³/
Lanzhou /fu¹³/
Ürümqi /fu²¹³/
Wuhan /fu³⁵/
Chengdu /fu¹³/
Guiyang /fu²¹³/
Kunming /fu²¹²/
Nanjing /fu⁴⁴/
Hefei /fu⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /fu⁴⁵/
Pingyao /xu³⁵/
Hohhot /fu⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /fu³⁵/
/vɤ²³/
Suzhou /vu³¹/
Hangzhou /vu¹³/
Wenzhou /vu³⁵/
Hui Shexian /fu²²/
Tunxi /fu⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /fu⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /ɸu⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /fu²¹/
Hakka Meixian /fu⁵³/
Taoyuan /fu⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fu²²/
Nanning /fu²²/
Hong Kong /fu²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hu²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hou²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xu⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /hu³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /fu³³/
Rime
Character 負
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 房久切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/biuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/biəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/buwX/
Li
Rong 		/biuX/
Wang
Li 		/bĭəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/bʱi̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fau6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 負
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bjuwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[b]əʔ/
English carry on the back

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 負
Reading # 1/1
No. 3558
Phonetic
component 		負
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		婦
Old
Chinese 		/*bɯʔ/

Definitions[edit]

負

  1. to carry (on the back); to bear (a burden or responsibility)
  2. to rely on; to load; to burden
  3. to betray; to abandon; to repudiate; to go against
  4. to lose; to be defeated
  5. (mathematics, electricity, etc.) negative

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 負

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

負

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. to lose
  2. to defeat
  3. to carry

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

負 • (bu) (hangeul 부)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

負: Hán Nôm readings: phụ[1]

  1. to betray

References[edit]

  1. ^ Trần (1999).
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