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負

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 负
負 U+8CA0, 負
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CA0
← 貟
[U+8C9F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 財 →
[U+8CA1]

Translingual

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Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

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負 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+2, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓月山金 (NBUC), four-corner 27806, composition ⿱⺈貝(GHTJV) or ⿱勹貝(K) or ⿱刀貝)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1204, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36660
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1665, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3623, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+8CA0

Chinese

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trad. 負
simp. 负
alternative forms 伏

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (負) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
負 *bɯʔ
萯 *bɯʔ
蝜 *bɯʔ
偩 *bɯʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): ⺈ (“person”) + 貝 (“cowry”).

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bə(q) (“carry, shoulder”).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 負
Mandarin Beijing /fu⁵¹/
Harbin /fu²⁴/
Tianjin /fu⁵³/
Jinan /fu²¹/
Qingdao /fu⁴²/
Zhengzhou /fu³¹²/
Xi'an /fu⁴⁴/
Xining /fv̩⁵³/
Yinchuan /fu¹³/
Lanzhou /fu¹³/
Ürümqi /fu²¹³/
Wuhan /fu³⁵/
Chengdu /fu¹³/
Guiyang /fu²¹³/
Kunming /fu²¹²/
Nanjing /fu⁴⁴/
Hefei /fu⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /fu⁴⁵/
Pingyao /xu³⁵/
Hohhot /fu⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /vu²³/
/vɤ²³/
Suzhou /vu³¹/
Hangzhou /vu¹³/
Wenzhou /vu³⁵/
Hui Shexian /fu²²/
Tunxi /fu⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /fu⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /ɸu⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /fu²¹/
Hakka Meixian /fu⁵³/
Taoyuan /fu⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fu²²/
Nanning /fu²²/
Hong Kong /fu²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hu²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hou²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xu⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /hu³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /fu³³/
Rime
Character 負
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 房久切
Baxter bjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/biuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/biəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/buwX/
Li
Rong 		/biuX/
Wang
Li 		/bĭəuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱi̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fau6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 負
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bjuwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[b]əʔ/
English carry on the back

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 負
Reading # 1/1
No. 3558
Phonetic
component 		負
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		婦
Old
Chinese 		/*bɯʔ/

Definitions

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負

  1. to carry (on the back); to bear (a burden or responsibility)
  2. to rely on; to load; to burden
  3. to betray; to abandon; to repudiate; to go against
  4. to lose; to be defeated
  5. (mathematics, electricity, etc.) negative

Compounds

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 負
Kyūjitai
[1][2]
負󠄂
負+&#xE0102;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
負󠄄
負+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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負

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. (まける) lose; be defeated
  2. (おう) carry
  3. negative

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
負
ふ
Grade: 3
kan'yōon

Pronunciation

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Noun

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負(ふ) • (fu) 

  1. (mathematics) negativity, being negative (less than zero)
    負(ふ)の数(すう)
    fu no sū
    a negative number
  2. (physics) negativity, being negative (of electrical charge of an electron)
    負(ふ)の電荷(でんか)
    fu no denka
    a negative charge
  3. negativity, being negative (bad, pessimistic)
    負(ふ)のオーラが漂(ただよ)っている人(ひと)
    fu no ōra ga tadayotte iru hito
    a person who has a negative aura about them
Synonyms
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Antonyms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
負
おい
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 負 – see the following entry.
【笈おい】J
[noun] a box with legs that is carried on the back, used by itinerant monks and yamabushi to carry books, articles of worship, clothing, etc.
(This term, 負, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
負
ま(け)
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 負 – see the following entry.
【負まけ】
[noun] defeat
[verb] imperfective and stem (or continuative) forms of 負ける (makeru) [ichidan]
(This term, 負, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2017 (paper), page 1060 (digital)
  2. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1153 (paper), page 589 (digital)

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 負 (MC bjuwX).

Hanja

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負 (eumhun 질 부 (jil bu))

  1. hanja form? of 부 (“load, burden”)
  2. hanja form? of 부 (“carry, bear”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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負: Hán Nôm readings: phụ[1]

  1. to betray

References

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  1. ^ Trần (1999).
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