貨

See also: 货, 賃, and 貸

貨	U+8CA8, 貨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CA8

← 貧
[U+8CA7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

販 →
[U+8CA9]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

貨 (radical 154, 貝+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人心月山金 (OPBUC), four-corner 2480₆, composition ⿱化貝)

Descendants[edit]

货

References[edit]

KangXi: page 1205, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36678
Dae Jaweon: page 1667, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3627, character 1
Unihan data for U+8CA8

Chinese[edit]

trad.		貨
simp.		货

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 貨
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (化) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
訛	*ŋʷaːl
吪	*ŋʷaːl
鈋	*ŋʷaːl
囮	lu, ŋʷaːl
魤	*ŋʷaːl
靴	*hʷa
貨	*hŋʷaːls
花	*hʷraː
化	*hŋʷraːls
杹	*hŋʷraːls
匕	*pilʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hŋʷaːls): phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls) + semantic 貝 (“shell, money”) – valuable goods.

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huò (huo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): fo³, fo⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): fo¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fo
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hè / hèr / hòe / hò / hòⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): huê³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: huò
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˋ
  - Wade–Giles: ho⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huoh
  - IPA ^(key): /xu̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: fo³, fo⁶
  - Yale: fo, foh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fo³, fo⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: fo³, fo⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /fɔː³³/, /fɔː²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: fo¹
  - IPA ^(key): /fᵘɔ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fo
  - Hakka Romanization System: fo
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fo⁴
  - IPA: /fo⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hè
  - Tâi-lô: hè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hex
  - IPA (Xiamen): /he²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /he¹¹/
  - IPA (Philippines): /he⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hèr
  - Tâi-lô: hèr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hə⁴¹/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /hə¹²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòe
  - Tâi-lô: huè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoex
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /hue²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hò
  - Tâi-lô: hò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoix
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ho²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: hònn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvox
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔ̃¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ̃⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔ̃²¹/

Note:

hè/hèr/hòe - vernacular;
hò/hòⁿ - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: huê³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huè
- IPA ^(key): /hue²¹³/

Middle Chinese: /huɑ^H/▼

Rime
Character	貨
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	呼臥切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/huɑ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/huɑ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/xuɑ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwa^H/
Li Rong	/xuɑ^H/
Wang Li	/xuɑ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/xuɑ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huò

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷʰˁaj-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*hŋʷaːls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	貨
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huò
Middle Chinese	‹ xwa^H ›
Old Chinese	/*qʷʰˁaj-s/
English	(movable) property, goods
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	貨
Reading #	1/1
No.	5325
Phonetic component	化
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	貨
Old Chinese	/*hŋʷaːls/

Definitions[edit]

貨

goods; commodities; products
(derogatory) used to refer to a person

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 貨

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Go-on: か (ka, Jōyō)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}
Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}
Kun: たから (takara, 貨)

Compounds[edit]

硬 (こう)貨 (か) (kōka): coins
貨 (か)幣 (へい) (kahei): currency

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

貨 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

貨 (hoá)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

貨

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

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