貨

See also: 货, 賃, and 貸

貨	U+8CA8, 貨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CA8

← 貧
[U+8CA7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

販 →
[U+8CA9]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

貨 (radical 154, 貝+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人心月山金 (OPBUC), four-corner 2480₆, composition ⿱化貝)

Descendants[edit]

货

References[edit]

KangXi: page 1205, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36678
Dae Jaweon: page 1667, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3627, character 1
Unihan data for U+8CA8

Chinese[edit]

trad.		貨
simp.		货

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 貨
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (化) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
訛	*ŋʷaːl
吪	*ŋʷaːl
鈋	*ŋʷaːl
囮	lu, ŋʷaːl
魤	*ŋʷaːl
靴	*hʷa
貨	*hŋʷaːls
花	*hʷraː
化	*hŋʷraːls
杹	*hŋʷraːls
匕	*pilʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hŋʷaːls): phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls) + semantic 貝 (“shell, money”) – valuable goods.

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huò (huo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): fo³, fo⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): fo¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fo
Jin (Wiktionary): hue³
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hè / hèr / hòe / hò / hòⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): huê³
Xiang (Wiktionary): ho⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: huò
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˋ
  - Wade–Giles: huo⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huoh
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huò
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xwɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: fo³, fo⁶
  - Yale: fo, foh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fo³, fo⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: fo³, fo⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔː³³/, /fɔː²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: fo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fᵘɔ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fo
  - Hakka Romanization System: fo
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fo⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fo⁵⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: hue³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /xuɤ⁴⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hè
  - Tâi-lô: hè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hex
  - IPA (Xiamen): /he²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /he¹¹/
  - IPA (Philippines): /he⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hèr
  - Tâi-lô: hèr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hə⁴¹/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /hə¹²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòe
  - Tâi-lô: huè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoex
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /hue²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hò
  - Tâi-lô: hò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoix
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ho²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: hònn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvox
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔ̃¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ̃⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔ̃²¹/

Note:

hè/hèr/hòe - vernacular;
hò/hòⁿ - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: huê³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huè
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /hue²¹³/

Xiang

(Changsha)
- Wiktionary: ho⁴
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /xo⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: /huɑ^H/

Rime
Character	貨
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	呼臥切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/huɑ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/huɑ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/xuɑ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwa^H/
Li Rong	/xuɑ^H/
Wang Li	/xuɑ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/xuɑ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fo³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷʰˁaj-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*hŋʷaːls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	貨
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huò
Middle Chinese	‹ xwa^H ›
Old Chinese	/*qʷʰˁaj-s/
English	(movable) property, goods
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	貨
Reading #	1/1
No.	5325
Phonetic component	化
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	貨
Old Chinese	/*hŋʷaːls/

Definitions[edit]

貨

^⁜ currency
通貨 / 通货 ― tōnghuò ― currency
- 百姓憒亂，其貨不行，民私以五銖錢市買。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  百姓愦乱，其货不行，民私以五铢钱市买。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE
  Bǎixìng kuìluàn, qí huò bù xíng, mín sī yǐ wǔ zhū qián shìmǎi. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)
goods; commodities; products
現貨 / 现货 ― xiànhuò ― merchandise in stock

百貨 / 百货 ― bǎihuò ― general merchandise

售貨 / 售货 ― shòuhuò ― to sell goods

退貨 / 退货 ― tuìhuò ― to return goods or merchandise
(derogatory) used to refer to a person
吃貨 / 吃货 ― chīhuò ― one who eats all day and does nothing

蠢貨 / 蠢货 ― chǔnhuò ― idiot
- 光頭李，你什麼意思？這倆貨什麼玩意兒，我壓根就不認識！ [MSC, trad.]
  光头李，你什么意思？这俩货什么玩意儿，我压根就不认识！ [MSC, simp.]
  From: 2015 August 22, 芦宏伟 (Lu Hongwei), 《没种就别出来混》, in 《故事会》, ISSN 0257-0238, issue 590, page 30
  Guāngtóu Lǐ, nǐ shénme yìsī? Zhè liǎ huò shénme wányìr, wǒ yàgēn jiù bù rènshí! [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)
(Min Nan) thing; stuff
^† to buy; to purchase
^† to sell
A surname.

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 貨

散裝貨／散装货
料貨／料货
期貨／期货 (qīhuò)
本地貨／本地货
次貨／次货 (cìhuò)
歪行貨／歪行货
殃人貨／殃人货
殖貨／殖货
殺人越貨／杀人越货 (shārényuèhuò)
水貨／水货 (shuǐhuò)
沒添貨／没添货
法償貨幣／法偿货币 (fǎcháng huòbì)
泡貨／泡货
洋廣貨／洋广货
洋貨／洋货 (yánghuò)
海貨／海货
清水貨／清水货
準貨幣／准货币
滯貨／滞货
潑皮貨／泼皮货
潑腳子貨／泼脚子货
潑辣貨／泼辣货
濫貨／滥货
炒貨／炒货 (chǎohuò)
炕頭子貨／炕头子货
烈貨／烈货
無貨／无货
熟貨／熟货
爛汙貨／烂污货
獄貨非寶／狱货非宝
獨門子貨／独门子货
現貨／现货 (xiànhuò)
現貨市場／现货市场
生貨／生货
發貨／发货 (fāhuò)
百貨／百货 (bǎihuò)
百貨公司／百货公司 (bǎihuò gōngsī)
百貨店／百货店 (bǎihuòdiàn)
百貨業／百货业
皮貨／皮货
盤貨／盘货 (pánhuò)
真貨／真货
瞎白貨／瞎白货
瞞貨／瞒货
硶貨／硶货
禮行貨／礼行货
私貨／私货 (sīhuò)
線上百貨／线上百货
繡貨／绣货
缺貨／缺货 (quēhuò)
老貨／老货
耍貨／耍货
膿包貨／脓包货
舊貨／旧货 (jiùhuò)
舊貨攤／旧货摊 (jiùhuòtān)
菜貨／菜货
落腳貨／落脚货
蠢貨／蠢货 (chǔnhuò)
行貨／行货 (hánghuò)
補助貨幣／补助货币
訂貨／订货 (dìnghuò)
訂貨單／订货单
識貨／识货 (shíhuò)
財貨／财货 (cáihuò)
貨主／货主 (huòzhǔ)
貨倉／货仓 (huòcāng)
貨價／货价
貨利／货利
貨卜／货卜
貨品／货品 (huòpǐn)
貨尾／货尾 (fo3 mei5)
貨布／货布
貨幣／货币 (huòbì)

貨幣乘數／货币乘数
貨幣市場／货币市场 (huòbì shìchǎng)
貨幣政策／货币政策 (huòbì zhèngcè)
貨底／货底 (huòdǐ)
貨暢其流／货畅其流
貨棧／货栈 (huòzhàn)
貨樣／货样
貨機／货机
貨櫃／货柜 (huòguì)
貨櫃船／货柜船
貨款／货款 (huòkuǎn)
貨殖／货殖 (huòzhí)
貨泉／货泉
貨源／货源 (huòyuán)
貨物／货物 (huòwù)
貨物稅／货物税
貨真價實／货真价实 (huòzhēnjiàshí)
貨短／货短
貨票／货票
貨罰／货罚
貨聲／货声
貨船／货船 (huòchuán)
貨艙／货舱
貨色／货色 (huòsè)
貨販子／货贩子
貨賂／货赂 (huòlù)
貨賂公行／货赂公行
貨賄／货贿
貨賄公行／货贿公行
貨車／货车 (huòchē)
貨輪／货轮
貨運／货运 (huòyùn)
貨郎／货郎 (huòláng)
貨郎兒／货郎儿
貨郎擔兒／货郎担儿 (huòlángdànr)
貨郎鼓／货郎鼓
買陳貨／买陈货
賄貨公行／贿货公行
賠錢貨／赔钱货
賤貨／贱货 (jiànhuò)
起貨／起货
趁貨兒／趁货儿
蹩腳貨／蹩脚货
載貨／载货
輕量貨幣／轻量货币
辣貨／辣货
辦貨／办货 (bànhuò)
退貨／退货 (tuìhuò)
送貨／送货 (sònghuò)
通貨／通货 (tōnghuò)
通貨緊縮／通货紧缩 (tōnghuò jǐnsuō)
通貨膨脹／通货膨胀 (tōnghuò péngzhàng)
進口貨／进口货 (jìnkǒuhuò)
進貨／进货 (jìnhuò)
配貨／配货
金屬貨幣／金属货币
銀貨兩訖／银货两讫
闒茸貨／阘茸货
陪錢貨／陪钱货
陳貨／陈货
隔皮斷貨／隔皮断货
雌貨／雌货
雜貨／杂货 (záhuò)
雜貨店／杂货店 (záhuòdiàn)
電腦百貨／电脑百货
食貨／食货
食貨志／食货志
騷貨／骚货 (sāohuò)
驗貨／验货 (yànhuò)
驗貨單／验货单
鮮貨／鲜货
黃貨／黄货
黑貨／黑货 (hēihuò)

References[edit]

“貨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
“Entry #7910”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

貨

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Go-on: か (ka, Jōyō)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}
Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}
Kun: たから (takara, 貨)

Compounds[edit]

硬貨(こうか) (kōka): coins
貨幣(かへい) (kahei): currency

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
貨
か Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 貨 (MC huɑ^H).

Affix[edit]

貨(か) • (ka) ^{←くわ (kwa)^?}

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

貨 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

貨: Hán Nôm readings: hóa/hoá

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

貨

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Affix[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

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