貨

See also: 货, 賃, and 貸

貨	U+8CA8, 貨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CA8

← 貧
[U+8CA7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

販 →
[U+8CA9]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

貨 (radical 154, 貝+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人心月山金 (OPBUC), four-corner 2480₆, composition ⿱化貝)

Descendants[edit]

货

References[edit]

KangXi: page 1205, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36678
Dae Jaweon: page 1667, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3627, character 1
Unihan data for U+8CA8

Chinese[edit]

trad.		貨
simp.		货

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 貨
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (化) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
訛	*ŋʷaːl
吪	*ŋʷaːl
鈋	*ŋʷaːl
囮	lu, ŋʷaːl
魤	*ŋʷaːl
靴	*hʷa
貨	*hŋʷaːls
花	*hʷraː
化	*hŋʷraːls
杹	*hŋʷraːls
匕	*pilʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hŋʷaːls): phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls) + semantic 貝 (“shell, money”) – valuable goods.

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huò (huo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): fo³, fo⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): fo¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fo
Jin (Wiktionary): hue³
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hè / hèr / hòe / hò / hòⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): huê³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: huò
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˋ
  - Wade–Giles: huo⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huoh
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huò
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xwɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: fo³, fo⁶
  - Yale: fo, foh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fo³, fo⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: fo³, fo⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔː³³/, /fɔː²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: fo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fᵘɔ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fo
  - Hakka Romanization System: fo
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fo⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fo⁵⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: hue³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /xuɤ⁴⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hè
  - Tâi-lô: hè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hex
  - IPA (Xiamen): /he²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /he¹¹/
  - IPA (Philippines): /he⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hèr
  - Tâi-lô: hèr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hə⁴¹/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /hə¹²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòe
  - Tâi-lô: huè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoex
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /hue²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hò
  - Tâi-lô: hò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoix
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ho²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: hònn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvox
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔ̃¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ̃⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔ̃²¹/

Note:

hè/hèr/hòe - vernacular;
hò/hòⁿ - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: huê³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huè
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /hue²¹³/

Middle Chinese: /huɑ^H/

Rime
Character	貨
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	呼臥切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/huɑ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/huɑ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/xuɑ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwa^H/
Li Rong	/xuɑ^H/
Wang Li	/xuɑ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/xuɑ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huò

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷʰˁaj-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*hŋʷaːls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	貨
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huò
Middle Chinese	‹ xwa^H ›
Old Chinese	/*qʷʰˁaj-s/
English	(movable) property, goods
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	貨
Reading #	1/1
No.	5325
Phonetic component	化
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	貨
Old Chinese	/*hŋʷaːls/

Definitions[edit]

貨

goods; commodities; products
(derogatory) used to refer to a person

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 貨

貨幣乘數／货币乘数
貨幣市場／货币市场 (huòbì shìchǎng)
貨幣政策／货币政策 (huòbì zhèngcè)
貨底／货底 (huòdǐ)
貨暢其流／货畅其流
貨棧／货栈 (huòzhàn)
貨樣／货样
貨機／货机
貨櫃／货柜 (huòguì)
貨櫃船／货柜船
貨款／货款 (huòkuǎn)
貨殖／货殖 (huòzhí)
貨泉／货泉
貨源／货源 (huòyuán)
貨物／货物 (huòwù)
貨物稅／货物税
貨真價實／货真价实 (huòzhēnjiàshí)
貨短／货短
貨票／货票
貨罰／货罚
貨聲／货声
貨船／货船 (huòchuán)
貨艙／货舱
貨色／货色 (huòsè)
貨販子／货贩子
貨賂／货赂 (huòlù)
貨賂公行／货赂公行
貨賄／货贿
貨賄公行／货贿公行
貨車／货车 (huòchē)
貨輪／货轮
貨運／货运
貨郎／货郎 (huòláng)
貨郎兒／货郎儿
貨郎擔兒／货郎担儿
貨郎鼓／货郎鼓
買陳貨／买陈货
賄貨公行／贿货公行
賠錢貨／赔钱货
賤貨／贱货 (jiànhuò)
起貨／起货
趁貨兒／趁货儿
蹩腳貨／蹩脚货
載貨／载货
輕量貨幣／轻量货币
辣貨／辣货
辦貨／办货 (bànhuò)
退貨／退货 (tuìhuò)
送貨／送货 (sònghuò)
通貨／通货 (tōnghuò)
通貨緊縮／通货紧缩 (tōnghuò jǐnsuō)
通貨膨脹／通货膨胀 (tōnghuò péngzhàng)
進口貨／进口货 (jìnkǒuhuò)
進貨／进货 (jìnhuò)
配貨／配货
金屬貨幣／金属货币
銀貨兩訖／银货两讫
闒茸貨／阘茸货
陪錢貨／陪钱货
陳貨／陈货
隔皮斷貨／隔皮断货
雌貨／雌货
雜貨／杂货 (záhuò)
雜貨店／杂货店 (záhuòdiàn)
電腦百貨／电脑百货
食貨／食货
食貨志／食货志
騷貨／骚货 (sāohuò)
驗貨／验货 (yànhuò)
驗貨單／验货单
鮮貨／鲜货
黃貨／黄货
黑貨／黑货 (hēihuò)

References[edit]

“Entry #7910”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Go-on: か (ka, Jōyō)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}
Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}
Kun: たから (takara, 貨)

Compounds[edit]

硬貨(こうか) (kōka): coins
貨幣(かへい) (kahei): currency

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
貨
か Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 貨 (MC huɑ^H).

Affix[edit]

貨(か) • (ka) (historical kana くわ)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

貨 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

貨 (hoá)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

貨

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Affix[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

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