避難

See also: 避难

Chinese

		avoid; shun; flee avoid; shun; flee; escape; leave; to keep away; to leave; to hide	disaster; distress; to scold disaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good
trad. (避難)		避	難
simp. (避难)		避	难

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bìnàn

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ ㄋㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bei⁶ naan⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phit-nan
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pī-lān / phiah-lān

(Teochew, Peng'im): bi⁷ nang⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bìnàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ ㄋㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bìnàn
  - Wade–Giles: pi⁴-nan⁴
  - Yale: bì-nàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bihnann
  - Palladius: бинань (binanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ nän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bei⁶ naan⁶
  - Yale: beih naahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bei⁶ naan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: béi⁶ nan⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯²² naːn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phit-nan
  - Hakka Romanization System: pid^ˋ nan
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pid⁵ nan⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰit̚² nan⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pī-lān
  - Tâi-lô: pī-lān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pixlan
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pi²²⁻²¹ lan²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi³³⁻²¹ lan³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁴¹⁻²² lan⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /pi³³⁻¹¹ lan³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phiah-lān
  - Tâi-lô: phiah-lān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phiahlan
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ lan³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /pʰia(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ lan³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bi⁷ nang⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pī nāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi¹¹ naŋ¹¹/

Verb

避⫽難 (verb-object)

(intransitive) to take refuge; to seek asylum; to take sanctuary
應急避難場所／应急避难场所 ― yìngjí bìnàn chǎngsuǒ ― emergency shelter

Synonyms

edit

亡命 (wángmìng)
出亡 (chūwáng) (literary)
出奔 (chūbēn)
散亡 (sànwáng)
流亡 (liúwáng)
竄 / 窜 (cuàn) (literary, or in compounds)
走反 (Hokkien, from war)
逃亡 (táowáng)
逃荒 (táohuāng) (from famine)
逃難 / 逃难 (táonàn) (from a disaster)
逋逃 (būtáo) (literary)

Derived terms

政治避難 / 政治避难 (zhèngzhì bìnàn)
逃災避難 / 逃灾避难
避難所 / 避难所 (bìnànsuǒ)
避難者 / 避难者 (bìnànzhě)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
避	難
ひ Grade: S	なん Grade: 6
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
避難 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひなん [híꜜnàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [çinã̠ɴ]

Noun

避(ひ)難(なん) • (hinan)

evacuation

Verb

避(ひ)難(なん)する • (hinan suru) intransitive suru (stem 避(ひ)難(なん)し (hinan shi), past 避(ひ)難(なん)した (hinan shita))

evacuate
地(ち)上(じょう)からより高(たか)い場(ば)所(しょ)へ避(ひ)難(なん)する
chijō kara yori takai basho e hinan suru
evacuate to a location above ground level

Conjugation

Conjugation of "避難する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	避難し	ひなんし	hinan shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	避難し	ひなんし	hinan shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	避難する	ひなんする	hinan suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	避難する	ひなんする	hinan suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	避難すれ	ひなんすれ	hinan sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	避難せよ¹ 避難しろ²	ひなんせよ¹ ひなんしろ²	hinan seyo¹ hinan shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	避難される	ひなんされる	hinan sareru
Causative	避難させる避難さす	ひなんさせるひなんさす	hinan saseru hinan sasu
Potential	避難できる	ひなんできる	hinan dekiru
Volitional	避難しよう	ひなんしよう	hinan shiyō
Negative	避難しない	ひなんしない	hinan shinai
Negative continuative	避難せず	ひなんせず	hinan sezu
Formal	避難します	ひなんします	hinan shimasu
Perfective	避難した	ひなんした	hinan shita
Conjunctive	避難して	ひなんして	hinan shite
Hypothetical conditional	避難すれば	ひなんすれば	hinan sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Derived terms

避(ひ)難(なん)命(めい)令(れい) (hinanmeirei, “evacuation order”)

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“避難”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

Korean

Hanja in this term
避	難

Noun

避難 • (pinan) (hangeul 피난)

hanja form^? of 피난 (“refuge; shelter”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
避	難

Verb

避難

chữ Hán form of tị nạn (“to flee from danger; to seek refuge”)

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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