酉

See also: 丣 and 西

酉 U+9149, 酉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9149 ← 酈 [U+9148] CJK Unified Ideographs 酊 → [U+914A]

⾣ U+2FA3, ⾣ KANGXI RADICAL WINE ← ⾢ [U+2FA2] Kangxi Radicals ⾤ → [U+2FA4]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

酉 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一金田一 (MCWM), four-corner 1060₀, composition ⿴西一)

1. Kangxi radical #164, ⾣.

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/酉
• 唒, 逎, 梄, 綇, 輏, 鯂, 莤, 蒏, 庮, 㾞, 槱, 歠

Additional Derived Characters

• 𫢞, 𡜳, 𱞙, 𢭳, 𬌲, 𣁹, 𥙫, 𥆺, 𥟁, 𦈋, 𧣮, 𨁪, 𩳜
• 𫹉, 𡷾, 𥭛, 𩭓, 𠩚, 𣄉, 𠥤
• 𠼣, 𡂜, 𬯢, 𬄇, 𤏾, 𤖕, 𤖙, 𦡅, 𥎈, 𥡱, 𩟫, 𫿙, 𣫈, 𫤧, 𱁎, 𪈍
• 𬋕, 𥂧, 𥂹, 𥃄, 𬐶, 𢍲, 𩱗, 𪧬, 𧂢, 𫥦, 𫵯, 𰱫, 𥃝, 𬜁, 𱡧

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1280, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39763
• Dae Jaweon: page 1778, character 36
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3572, character 1
• Unihan data for U+9149

Chinese

trad.		酉
simp. #		酉
alternative forms		丣

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 酉
Shang		Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)		Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Ancient script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (酉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
楢	*kʰjuʔ, *lu
逎	*ʔslu
遒	*sklu, *sɡlu
蝤	*sklu, *sɡlu
揂	*sklu
酒	*ʔsluʔ
媨	*sklus
鞧	*skʰlu
緧	*skʰlu
趥	*skʰlu, *skʰluŋs
酋	*sɡlu
崷	*sɡlu
鰌	*sɡlu
煪	*sɡlu
醜	*l̥ʰjuʔ
猶	*klus, *lu, *lus
猷	*lu
輶	*lu, *luʔ, *lus
偤	*lu
莤	*lu, *sruɡ
蕕	*lu
庮	*lu, *luʔ
槱	*luʔ, *lus
梄	*luʔ
丣	*luʔ
酉	*luʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a wine vessel with a pointed bottom.

This is the original character for 酒 (jiǔ, “alcohol”).

Compare 酋 (qiú) (the vessel with added strokes indicating long-fermented alcohol or decoration) and 尊 (zūn) (two hands holding the vessel).

Visually similar to but etymologically unrelated to 西 (xī) (which originally depicted a bird's nest).

Etymology

"wine; wine vessel"

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *jəw (“liquor”) (STEDT); cognate with 酒 (OC *ʔsluʔ, “wine”).

"tenth earthly branch"

Smith (2011) suggests that this branch denoted the "waxing half-moon", "construed as a vessel filling with liquid". Noting Schuessler (2007)'s observation that 酉 (yǒu)'s OC pronunciation started with *r-, Smith reconstructs *r-juʔ which would later lost its archaic pre-initial *r-, the same phonological split seen in pairs like 游 (OC) ~ 遊 (OC *ju, “to flow, to roam”) > yóu vs. 流 (OC *r-ju, “flow”) > liú. Smith further supposes that *r-juʔ, is an endoactive derivative of *r-ju "flow" by the suffix *-ʔ, meaning "the flowing stage".

As for 酉 (yǒu)'s association with the chicken, Norman (1985) proposes that Chinese and Thai forms derived from Viet-Muong *rə̆k ~ *ruk, truncated from Proto-Vietic *r-kaː (“chicken”), yet Ferlus (2013) thinks this correspondence unlikely. Possibly, 酉 (yǒu) was arbitrarily associated with the chicken, just like 辰 (chén) with the dragon.

“unitary”

From English unitary.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǒu (you³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jau⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yû

  (Hailu, HRS): rhiu^ˋ

• Eastern Min (BUC): iù
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): iu³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): iú / iū

  (Teochew, Peng'im): iu²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶yeu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǒu
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǒu
    • Wade–Giles: yu³
    • Yale: yǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeou
    • Palladius: ю (ju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jau⁵
    • Yale: yáuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jau⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: yeo⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yû
    • Hakka Romanization System: iu^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yiu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯u²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yû
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iu^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yiu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: rhiu^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /ʒiu⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: iù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieu⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: iu³
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: iû
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: iu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iú
    • Tâi-lô: iú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iuo
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /iu⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /iu⁵⁵⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iū
    • Tâi-lô: iū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iu
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iu³³/

Note: iū - “late night”, e.g. 起早坐酉, 暗酉, 酉酉.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: iu²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶yeu
    • MiniDict: yeu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhieu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦiɤ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: yuwX

Rime
Character	酉
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	與久切
Baxter	yuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨuX/
Pan Wuyun	/jiuX/
Shao Rongfen	/iəuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juwX/
Li Rong	/iuX/
Wang Li	/jĭəuX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯ə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-ruʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*luʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	酉	酉	酉
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǒu	yǒu	yǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ yuwX ›	‹ yuwX ›	‹ yuwX ›
Old Chinese	/*N-ruʔ/	/*N-ruʔ/	/*N-ruʔ/
English	10th earthly branch	wine	old
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	酉
Reading #	1/1
No.	15583
Phonetic component	酉
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	酉
Old Chinese	/*luʔ/

Definitions

酉

1. an alcoholic drink vessel
2. tenth of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
3. rooster (鷄) of Chinese zodiac
4. the period from 17:00 to 19:00
5. (mathematics) unitary

Coordinate terms

Chinese earthly branches: 地支 (dìzhī)edit

• 子 (zǐ)
• 丑 (chǒu)
• 寅 (yín)
• 卯 (mǎo)
• 辰 (chén)
• 巳 (sì)
• 午 (wǔ)
• 未 (wèi)
• 申 (shēn)
• 酉 (yǒu)
• 戌 (xū)
• 亥 (hài)

Usage notes

Although it remains associated with alcoholic drink, the character alone is mostly used as the tenth earthly branch in the Chinese cyclical calendar.

Compounds

• 三酉
• 卯酉
• 卯酉參辰 / 卯酉参辰
• 卯酉子午
• 參辰卯酉 / 参辰卯酉
• 子午卯酉
• 才貫二酉 / 才贯二酉
• 暗酉
• 書畫卯酉 / 书画卯酉
• 書通二酉 / 书通二酉
• 起早坐酉
• 酉字牌
• 酉時 / 酉时 (yǒushí)
• 酉群 (yǒuqún)
• 酉酉
• 酉陽雜俎 / 酉阳杂俎
• 鬼酉上車 / 鬼酉上车

References

• “酉”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “酉”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎^[2] (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
• 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “酉”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎^[3] (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “酉”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 192.

Japanese

Kanji

酉

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. "sake" radical (さけづぐり)
2. "bird of the zodiac" radical (ひよみのとり, とりへん)
3. rooster (tenth sign of the Chinese zodiac)

Readings

• Go-on: ゆ (yu)
• Kan-on: ゆう (yū)^{←いう (iu, historical)}
• Kun: とり (tori, 酉)
• Nanori: なが (naga)、みのる (minoru)

Compounds

• 卯(ぼう)酉(ゆう)線(せん) (bōyūsen)
• 酉(とり)年(どし) (toridoshi)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
酉
とり Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

From 鶏 (niwatori, tori, “chicken”), from 庭 (niwa, “garden”) + 鳥 (tori, “bird”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) とり [tòrí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [to̞ɾʲi]

Proper noun

酉(とり) • (Tori) 

1. the Rooster, the tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches

   Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支

   Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
酉
ゆう Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 酉 (MC yuwX).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jɯ̟ː]

Proper noun

酉(ゆう) • (Yū) ^{←いう (Iu)?}

1. the Rooster, the tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches

   Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支

   Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

References

• “^▲酉”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[4] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

酉 (eumhun 닭/열째 지지 유 (dak/yeoljjae jiji yu))

1. hen
2. full
3. old; ancient
4. irrigate

Vietnamese

Han character

酉: Hán Việt readings: dậu
酉: Nôm readings: dấu, dáu, dẫu, giấu, giậu, giáu

1. chữ Hán form of Dậu (“tenth of the twelve earthly branches”)

   Hypernyms: 地支, 十二支

   Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

2. chữ Nôm form of dấu
   1. mark; sign; diacritic
   2. to love
3. chữ Nôm form of dẫu (“(literary) although; despite; in spite of”)
4. chữ Nôm form of giấu (“to hide; to conceal”)

Compounds

• 丁酉 (Đinh Dậu)
• 乙酉 (Ất Dậu)
• 己酉 (Kỷ Dậu)
• 癸酉 (Qúy Dậu/Quý Dậu)
• 辛酉 (Tân Dậu)