酷薄

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Japanese[edit]

Kanji in this term
こく
Grade: S
はく
Grade: S
on’yomi kan’on
Alternative spelling
刻薄

Etymology[edit]

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 刻薄 (MC khok bak). First attested in Japanese in 1439.[1]

After borrowing, the initial character in Japanese became more associated with cutting than with cruelty, leading to this character gradually being replaced with the homophonous and partially synonymous character .

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

(こく)(はく) (kokuhaku-na (adnominal (こく)(はく) (kokuhaku na), adverbial (こく)(はく) (kokuhaku ni))

  1. [from 1439] cruel, inhumane, callous

Inflection[edit]

Noun[edit]

(こく)(はく) (kokuhaku

  1. [from 1439] cruelty, inhumaneness, callousness

References[edit]

  1. ^ 酷薄・刻薄”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN