錦

See also: 锦

錦 U+9326, 錦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9326 ← 錥 [U+9325] CJK Unified Ideographs 錧 → [U+9327]

Translingual

Han character

錦 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+8, 16 strokes, Cangjie input 金竹日月 (CHAB), four-corner 8612₇, composition ⿰釒帛)

Derived characters

• 𡄎, 𢥅, 𢸼, 𣟡, 𥌹, 𬬃, 𧃃, 𥷏

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1311, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40569
• Dae Jaweon: page 1812, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4222, character 2
• Unihan data for U+9326

Chinese

trad.		錦
simp.		锦

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (金) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
淦	*kɯːm, *kɯːms
顉	*ŋɯːmʔ, *ŋ̊ʰrɯm, *ŋ̊ʰɯmʔ
金	*krɯm
錦	*krɯmʔ
欽	*kʰrɯm
菳	*kʰrɯm
嶔	*kʰrɯm
撳	*kʰrɯms
捦	*ɡrɯm
鵭	*ɡrɯm
唫	*ɡrɯmʔ, *ŋɡrɯm
鈙	*ɡrɯms
崟	*ŋɡrɯm
趛	*ŋɡrɯmʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *krɯmʔ): phonetic 金 (OC *krɯm) + semantic 帛.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): jǐn (jin³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˇ

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): jìn

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gam²

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): gam²

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kím

  (Hailu, HRS): gim^ˊ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gim³

• Jin (Wiktionary): jing²
• Northern Min (KCR): gěng
• Eastern Min (BUC): gīng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ging³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kím / gím

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gim²

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): gim²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵cin / ³cin
  • (Jinhua): ³cin
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jin³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jǐn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jǐn
    • Wade–Giles: chin³
    • Yale: jǐn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiin
    • Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin²¹⁴/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: jìn
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiẽ⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gam²
    • Yale: gám
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gam²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gem²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm³⁵/
  • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: gam²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kím
    • Hakka Romanization System: gim^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gim³
    • Sinological IPA: /kim³¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: gim^ˊ
    • Sinological IPA: /kim²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gim³
    • Sinological IPA: /kim³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: jing²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gěng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /keiŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gīng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiŋ³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ging³
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gîng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiŋ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ging³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiŋ³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kím
    • Tâi-lô: kím
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiem
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kim⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kim⁵⁵⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kim⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gím
    • Tâi-lô: gím
    • Phofsit Daibuun: giem
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ɡim⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡim⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gim²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kím
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kim⁵²/
  • (Leizhou)
    • Leizhou Pinyin: gim²
    • Sinological IPA: /kim³¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵cin
    • MiniDict: cin^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²jin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin³⁴/
  • (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ³cin
    • MiniDict: cin^上
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /t͡ɕiŋ³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ciŋ⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡ɕin⁴²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕin⁵¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡ɕin⁴³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕin⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡ɕiŋ³³⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡ɕiŋ³²⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /t͡ɕiŋ³⁵/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ³cin
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³⁵/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: jin³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: kimX

Rime
Character	錦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居飲切
Baxter	kimX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiɪmX/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚimX/
Shao Rongfen	/kiemX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjimX/
Li Rong	/kjəmX/
Wang Li	/kĭĕmX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯əmX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jǐn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gam2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.k(r)[ə]mʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*krɯmʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	錦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐn
Middle Chinese	‹ kimX ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.k(r)[ə]mʔ/
English	brocade
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	錦
Reading #	1/1
No.	6680
Phonetic component	金
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	錦
Old Chinese	/*krɯmʔ/

Definitions

錦

1. brocade; tapestry; polychrome woven silk.
2. embroidered
3. bright and beautiful

Compounds

• 一匹錦 / 一匹锦
• 什錦 / 什锦 (shíjǐn)
• 八段錦 / 八段锦 (bāduànjǐn)
• 前程似錦 / 前程似锦 (qiánchéngsìjǐn)
• 前途似錦 / 前途似锦
• 十樣錦 / 十样锦
• 土錦蛇 / 土锦蛇
• 地錦 / 地锦
• 天機雲錦 / 天机云锦
• 奪錦袍 / 夺锦袍
• 如花似錦 / 如花似锦
• 宵錦 / 宵锦
• 富錦 / 富锦 (Fùjǐn)
• 尺錦 / 尺锦
• 廉錦楓 / 廉锦枫
• 拖地錦 / 拖地锦
• 摛錦 / 摛锦
• 操刀傷錦 / 操刀伤锦
• 文錦覆阱 / 文锦覆阱
• 晝錦 / 昼锦
• 晝錦之榮 / 昼锦之荣
• 晝錦堂 / 昼锦堂
• 晝錦榮歸 / 昼锦荣归
• 束錦 / 束锦
• 毳錦 / 毳锦
• 江淹夢錦 / 江淹梦锦
• 爛若披錦 / 烂若披锦
• 牙籤錦軸 / 牙签锦轴
• 玉食錦衣 / 玉食锦衣
• 穿花納錦 / 穿花纳锦
• 精神錦標 / 精神锦标
• 綾錦 / 绫锦
• 繁花錦簇 / 繁花锦簇
• 繡口錦心 / 绣口锦心 (xiùkǒujǐnxīn)
• 織錦 / 织锦 (zhījǐn)
• 織錦緞 / 织锦缎
• 織錦迴文 / 织锦回文
• 美錦 / 美锦
• 膏粱錦繡 / 膏粱锦绣
• 花團錦簇 / 花团锦簇 (huātuánjǐncù)
• 花天錦地 / 花天锦地
• 花攢錦簇 / 花攒锦簇
• 花營錦陣 / 花营锦阵
• 花簇錦攢 / 花簇锦攒
• 萋斐貝錦 / 萋斐贝锦
• 蜀錦 / 蜀锦 (shǔjǐn)
• 衣錦 / 衣锦 (yījǐn)
• 衣錦之榮 / 衣锦之荣
• 衣錦夜游 / 衣锦夜游
• 衣錦夜行 / 衣锦夜行
• 衣錦尚絅 / 衣锦尚䌹
• 衣錦故鄉 / 衣锦故乡
• 衣錦晝游 / 衣锦昼游
• 衣錦榮歸 / 衣锦荣归
• 衣錦過鄉 / 衣锦过乡
• 衣錦還鄉 / 衣锦还乡
• 衣錦食肉 / 衣锦食肉
• 裁錦 / 裁锦
• 貂錦 / 貂锦
• 貝錦 / 贝锦
• 貝錦萋菲 / 贝锦萋菲
• 迴文織錦 / 回文织锦
• 迴文錦 / 回文锦
• 鋪錦列繡 / 铺锦列绣
• 錦上添花 / 锦上添花 (jǐnshàngtiānhuā)
• 錦匣 / 锦匣
• 錦囊 / 锦囊 (jǐnnáng)
• 錦囊佳句 / 锦囊佳句
• 錦囊佳製 / 锦囊佳制
• 錦囊妙計 / 锦囊妙计 (jǐnnángmiàojì)
• 錦囊詩 / 锦囊诗
• 錦套頭 / 锦套头
• 錦字 / 锦字
• 錦字書 / 锦字书
• 錦官 / 锦官 (Jǐnguān)
• 錦官城 / 锦官城 (Jǐnguānchéng)
• 錦屏 / 锦屏
• 錦州 / 锦州 (Jǐnzhōu)
• 錦州市 / 锦州市
• 錦帆 / 锦帆
• 錦帳 / 锦帐
• 錦帶 / 锦带 (jǐndài)
• 錦心繡口 / 锦心绣口
• 錦心繡腹 / 锦心绣腹
• 錦旋 / 锦旋
• 錦旗 / 锦旗 (jǐnqí)
• 錦書 / 锦书
• 錦樣 / 锦样
• 錦標 / 锦标 (jǐnbiāo)
• 錦標社 / 锦标社
• 錦標賽 / 锦标赛 (jǐnbiāosài)
• 錦歌 / 锦歌 (jǐngē)
• 錦江 / 锦江 (Jǐnjiāng)
• 錦熏籠 / 锦熏笼
• 錦營花陣 / 锦营花阵
• 錦片 / 锦片
• 錦片前程 / 锦片前程 (jǐnpiànqiánchéng)
• 錦牋 / 锦笺
• 錦瑟 / 锦瑟
• 錦瑟華年 / 锦瑟华年
• 錦絃 / 锦弦
• 錦綸 / 锦纶 (jǐnlún)
• 錦緞 / 锦缎 (jǐnduàn)
• 錦繡 / 锦绣 (jǐnxiù)
• 錦繡前程 / 锦绣前程 (jǐnxiùqiánchéng)
• 錦繡山河 / 锦绣山河 (jǐnxiùshānhé)
• 錦繡心腸 / 锦绣心肠
• 錦繡江山 / 锦绣江山 (jǐnxiùjiāngshān)
• 錦繡河山 / 锦绣河山 (jǐnxiùhéshān)
• 錦花鳥 / 锦花鸟
• 錦茵 / 锦茵
• 錦荔枝 / 锦荔枝 (jǐnlìzhī)
• 錦葵 / 锦葵 (jǐnkuí)
• 錦蛇 / 锦蛇 (jǐnshé)
• 錦衚衕 / 锦胡同
• 錦衣 / 锦衣
• 錦衣夜行 / 锦衣夜行
• 錦衣玉食 / 锦衣玉食 (jǐnyīyùshí)
• 錦衣紈褲 / 锦衣纨裤
• 錦衣衛 / 锦衣卫 (Jǐnyīwèi)
• 錦衾 / 锦衾
• 錦袍 / 锦袍 (jǐnpáo)
• 錦襖 / 锦袄 (jǐn'ǎo)
• 錦迴文 / 锦回文
• 錦還 / 锦还
• 錦陣花營 / 锦阵花营
• 錦雉之衣 / 锦雉之衣
• 錦雞 / 锦鸡 (jǐnjī)
• 錦靴 / 锦靴
• 錦鞋 / 锦鞋
• 錦香草 / 锦香草 (jǐnxiāngcǎo)
• 錦體社 / 锦体社
• 集錦 / 集锦 (jíjǐn)
• 集錦照相 / 集锦照相
• 雲錦 / 云锦
• 黎錦 / 黎锦

Japanese

Kanji

錦

(Jōyō kanji)

1. brocade

Readings

• Go-on: こん (kon)^{←こん (kon, historical)←こむ (komu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)^{←きん (kin, historical)←きむ (kimu, ancient)}
• Kun: にしき (nishiki, 錦, Jōyō)
• Nanori: あや (aya)、かね (kane)

Compounds

• 錦衣(きんい) (kin'i)
• 錦鞋(きんがい) (kingai)
• 錦窯(きんがま) (kingama)
• 錦旗(きんき) (kinki)
• 錦機(きんき) (kinki)
• 錦葵(きんき) (kinki)
• 錦綺(きんき) (kinki)
• 錦鶏(キンケイ) (kinkei)
• 錦(きん)繍(しゅう) (kinshū)
• 錦秋(きんしゅう) (kinshū)
• 錦色(きんしょく) (kinshoku)
• 錦心(きんしん) (kinshin)
• 錦帳(きんちょう) (kinchō)
• 錦蝶(キンチョウ) (kinchō)
• 錦(きん)嚢(のう) (kinnō)
• 錦馬(きんば) (kinba)
• 錦文(きんぶん) (kinbun)
• 錦袍(きんぽう) (kinpō)
• 錦鱗(きんりん) (kinrin)
• 雲錦(うんきん) (unkin)
• 地錦(じきん) (jikin)
• 秋錦(しゅうきん) (shūkin)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
錦
にしき Grade: S
kun'yomi

Originally a compound of 丹 (ni, “red”) + 頻 (shiki, “repetition”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) にしき [níꜜshìkì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɲ̟iɕi̥kʲi]

Noun

錦(にしき) • (nishiki) 

1. brocade (generic name for weaving fabrics with various colored threads)
2. a word expressing beauty (for example, colors or patterns) (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

Derived terms

• 錦穴子(ニシキアナゴ) (nishikianago)
• 錦海牛(ニシキウミウシ) (nishikiumiushi)
• 錦海老(ニシキエビ) (nishikiebi)
• 錦織(にしきおり) (nishikiori)
• 錦貝(ニシキガイ) (nishikigai)
• 錦窯(にしきがま) (nishikigama)
• 錦革(にしきがわ) (nishikigawa)
• 錦木(ニシキギ) (nishiki-gi)
• 錦草(にしきぐさ) (nishiki-gusa)
• 錦鯉(ニシキゴイ) (nishikigoi)
• 錦衣(ニシキゴロモ) (nishiki-goromo)
• 錦紫蘇(にしきしそ) (nishikishiso)
• 錦草(ニシキソウ) (nishiki-sō)
• 錦茸(ニシキタケ) (nishikitake)
• 錦卵(にしきたまご) (nishikitamago)
• 錦手(にしきで) (nishikide)
• 錦鳥(にしきどり) (nishikidori)
• 錦端(にしきはし) (nishikihashi)
• 錦沙魚(ニシキハゼ) (nishikihaze)
• 錦蛇(にしきへび) (nishiki hebi)
• 錦縁(にしきへり) (nishikiheri)
• 綾錦(アヤニシキ) (ayanishiki)
• 糸錦(いとにしき) (itonishiki)
• 繧繝錦(うんげんにしき) (ungen nishiki)
• 小車錦(おぐるまにしき) (oguruma nishiki)
• 高麗錦(こまにしき), 狛(こま)錦(にしき) (Koma nishiki)
• 外錦(そとにしき) (sotonishiki)
• 縦錦(たてにしき) (tatenishiki)
• 綴(つづ)れ錦(にしき) (tsuzurenishiki)
• 紅葉(もみじ)の錦(にしき) (momiji no nishiki, “brocade of autumn leaves”)
• 大和錦(やまとにしき), 倭(やまと)錦(にしき) (Yamato nishiki)
• 横錦(よこにしき) (yokonishiki)

Idioms

• 錦(にしき)を飾(かざ)る (nishiki o kazaru)
• 錦(にしき)を着(き)て夜(よる)行(ゆ)くが如(ごと)し (nishiki o kite yoru yuku ga gotoshi)

References

• “錦”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 錦 (MC kimX). Recorded as Middle Korean 금〯 (kǔm) (Yale: kum) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

錦 (eumhun 비단 금 (bidan geum))

1. hanja form^? of 금 (“brocade”)

Compounds

• 금강 (錦江, Geumgang)
• 금상첨화 (錦上添花, geumsangcheomhwa)
• 금수 (錦繡, geumsu)
• 금의환향 (錦衣還鄕, geumuihwanhyang)
• 지금 (地錦, jigeum)
• 추금 (秋錦, chugeum)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

錦: Hán Nôm readings: cẩm, gấm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.