鑒

See also: 鉴

Translingual

Traditional	鑒
Shinjitai	鑑
Simplified	鉴

Han character

鑒 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+14, 22 strokes, cangjie input 尸田金 (SWC) or 金尸一廿 (CSMT), four-corner 7810₉, composition ⿱⿰臣⿳𠂉丶罒金(G) or ⿱⿰臣⿳𠂉一罒金(HTJK))

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1325, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40989
• Dae Jaweon: page 1826, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4267, character 7
• Unihan data for U+9452

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Chinese

trad.		鑒
simp.		鉴
alternative forms		鍳／鉴 鑑／鉴

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
藍	*ɡ·raːm
襤	*ɡ·raːm
籃	*ɡ·raːm
懢	*ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms
儖	*ɡ·raːm
蘫	*ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms
攬	*ɡ·raːmʔ
欖	*ɡ·raːmʔ
覽	*ɡ·raːmʔ
爁	*ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams
擥	*ɡ·raːmʔ
灠	*ɡ·raːmʔ
濫	*ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ
嚂	*ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ
纜	*ɡ·raːms
監	*kraːm, *kraːms
礛	*kraːm
鑑	*kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms
艦	*ɡraːmʔ
檻	*ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms
壏	*ɡraːmʔ
轞	*ɡraːmʔ
鹽	*ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiàn (jian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaam³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kàm

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
    • Wade–Giles: chien⁴
    • Yale: jyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
    • Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gaam³
    • Yale: gaam
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaam³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gam³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːm³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàm
    • Tâi-lô: kàm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kaxm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kam²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kam⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kam²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kam¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: ken, kaemH

Rime
Character	鑒	鑒
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	銜 (149)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	II
Fanqie	古賢切	格懺切
Baxter	ken	kaemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ken/	/kˠamH/
Pan Wuyun	/ken/	/kᵚamH/
Shao Rongfen	/kɛn/	/kamH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɛn/	/kaɨmH/
Li Rong	/ken/	/kamH/
Wang Li	/kien/	/kamH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kien/	/kamH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiān	jiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gin1	gaam3

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 鑒

1. mirror
2. to inspect, to examine
3. reflect
4. evaluate, access

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鑒):

• → Japanese: 鑑(かん) (kan)

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Japanese

Kanji

鑒

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: けん (ken)^{←けん (ken, historical)←けむ (kemu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: かん (kan)^{←かん (kan, historical)←かむ (kamu, ancient)}
• Kun: かがみ (kagami); かんがみる (kangamiru, 鑒みる)

Etymology

For pronunciation and definitions of 鑒 – see the following entry.

【鑑かがみ】S [noun] an example, exemplar, model, pattern [proper noun] a surname 【鑑かん】S [noun] a kind of ancient Chinese bronzeware [noun] an example, exemplar, model, pattern [affix] example, exemplar [affix] model, pattern [affix] inspect, examine [affix] evaluate

(This term, 鑒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

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Korean

Hanja

鑒 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 鑒 (giám, gương)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.