靠

靠 U+9760, 靠 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9760 ← 靟 [U+975F] CJK Unified Ideographs 靡 → [U+9761]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

靠 (Kangxi radical 175, 非+7, 15 strokes, Cangjie input 竹土口中卜 (HGRLY), four-corner 2411₁, composition ⿱告非 or ⿱吿非)

Derived characters

• 𫣶, 𨘴, 𣞳, 㸆, 𨯕, 𮧈

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1382, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42604
• Dae Jaweon: page 1896, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4087, character 17
• Unihan data for U+9760

Chinese

trad.		靠
simp. #		靠
2nd round simp.		俈

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (告) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
造	*skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ
慥	*skʰuːɡs
艁	*skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ
糙	*skʰuːɡs
告	*kuːɡs, *kuːɡ
誥	*kuːɡs
郜	*kuːɡs, *kuːɡ
祰	*kʰuːʔ, *kuːɡ
靠	*kʰuːɡs
浩	*ɡuːʔ, *kuːb
晧	*ɡuːʔ
皓	*ɡuːʔ
窖	*kruːɡs
簉	*skʰruɡs
梏	*kruːɡ, *kuːɡ
硞	*kʰruːɡ, *kʰuːɡ
牿	*kuːɡ
鵠	*kuːɡ, *ɡuːɡ
酷	*kʰuːɡ
焅	*kʰuːɡ
嚳	*kʰuːɡ
頶	*ɡuːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰuːɡs): phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ) + semantic 非.

Etymology

Compare perhaps Burmese ခု (hku., “to prop up, be filling”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kào (kao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kaau³

• Gan (Wiktionary): kau³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kho
• Jin (Wiktionary): kau³
• Eastern Min (BUC): kó̤
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khò / khò͘ / khòa

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kao³ / gou⁶

• Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): kaau³
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵khau
  • (Jinhua): ⁵khau

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kào
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kào
    • Wade–Giles: kʻao⁴
    • Yale: kàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaw
    • Palladius: као (kao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kaau³
    • Yale: kaau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kaau³
    • Guangdong Romanization: kao³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaːu̯³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: kau³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰau²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kho
    • Hakka Romanization System: ko
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ko⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰo⁵⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: kau³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰau⁴⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kó̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔ²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Tainan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khò
    • Tâi-lô: khò
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoix
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan): /kʰɤ²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kʰo¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Lukang): /kʰo³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yilan, Singapore): /kʰo²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Kinmen): /kʰo¹²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Philippines, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khò͘
    • Tâi-lô: khòo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qox
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /kʰɔ⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Singapore): /kʰɔ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khòa
    • Tâi-lô: khuà
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoax
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kʰua²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kʰua¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰua⁴¹/

Note: khòa - 沙可 is used in the Mainland.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kao³ / gou⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khàu / kŏu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰau²¹³/, /kou³⁵/

Note: gou6 - vernacular (俗).

• Southern Pinghua
  • (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
    • Jyutping++: kaau³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰau⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Ningbo)
    • Wugniu: ⁵khau
    • MiniDict: khau^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²khau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰɔ³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /kʰɔ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /kʰæ⁵²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /kʰaɯ⁵²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /kʰɔ³³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /kʰɔ⁵⁵/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ⁵khau
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /kʰɑu⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: khawH

Rime
Character	靠
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦到切
Baxter	khawH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɑuH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɑuH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɑuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰawH/
Li Rong	/kʰɑuH/
Wang Li	/kʰɑuH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰɑuH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hou3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰuːɡs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	靠
Reading #	1/1
No.	3809
Phonetic component	告
Rime group	奧
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	𩝝
Old Chinese	/*kʰuːɡs/

Definitions

靠

1. to lean on; to recline
2. to depend on; to rely on
   • 1964, “大海航行靠舵手 [Sailing the Seas Depends on the Helmsman]”, 李郁文 [Li Yuwen] (lyrics), 王雙印 [Wang Shuangyin] (music):

     大海航行靠舵手，
     萬物生長靠太陽，
     雨露滋潤禾苗壯，
     幹革命靠的是毛澤東思想。 [MSC, trad.]
     大海航行靠舵手，
     万物生长靠太阳，
     雨露滋润禾苗壮，
     干革命靠的是毛泽东思想。 [MSC, simp.]

     Dàhǎi hángxíng kào duòshǒu,
     Wànwù shēngzhǎng kào tàiyáng,
     Yǔlù zīrùn hémiáo zhuàng,
     Gàn gémìng kào de shì Máozédōngsīxiǎng. [Pinyin]

     Sailing seas depends on the helmsman;
     Life and growth depend on the sun;
     Rain and dewdrops nourish the crops;
     Making revolution depends on Mao Zedong Thought.

3. to trust; to have confidence in
4. to come near to; to approach
5. to keep to (a certain side)
6. (euphemistic) alternative form of 肏 (“to fuck”); frick
7. (Northern Wu) approximately

Compounds

• 不可靠
• 依靠 (yīkào)
• 倚靠 (yǐkào)
• 偎妻靠婦 / 偎妻靠妇
• 停靠 (tíngkào)
• 六親無靠 / 六亲无靠
• 可靠 (kěkào)
• 央靠
• 奔靠
• 妥靠
• 打靠後 / 打靠后
• 投靠 (tóukào)
• 指靠 (zhǐkào)
• 挨靠
• 求靠
• 無依無靠 / 无依无靠 (wúyīwúkào)
• 無靠無依 / 无靠无依 (wúkàowúyī)
• 牢靠 (láokào)
• 終身有靠 / 终身有靠
• 賣身投靠 / 卖身投靠 (màishēntóukào)
• 靠不住
• 靠么 (kàoyāo)
• 靠傍
• 靠北 (kǎobèi)
• 靠墊 / 靠垫 (kàodiàn)
• 靠天
• 靠夭 (kàoyāo)
• 靠子
• 靠山 (kàoshān)
• 靠山吃山
• 靠山吃山，靠水吃水
• 靠山山會倒，靠水水會燥，靠人人會老 / 靠山山会倒，靠水水会燥，靠人人会老
• 靠山山會崩，靠水水會焦 / 靠山山会崩，靠水水会焦
• 靠岸 (kào'àn)
• 靠得住 (kàodezhù)
• 靠手 (kàoshǒu)
• 靠把
• 靠攏 / 靠拢 (kàolǒng)
• 靠旗
• 靠枕 (kàozhěn)
• 靠盃 / 靠杯
• 靠背 (kàobèi)
• 靠胸貼肉 / 靠胸贴肉
• 靠腰 (kàoyāo)
• 靠行
• 靠身
• 靠近 (kàojìn)
• 靠邊 / 靠边 (kàobiān)
• 靠邊站 / 靠边站 (kàobiānzhàn)

Japanese

Kanji

靠

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. lean on; rely on; recline (よる, もたれる)
2. oppose; run against (たがう)

Readings

• On (unclassified): こう (kō)
• Kun: たがう (tagau, 靠う)、よる (yoru, 靠る)、もたれる (motareru, 靠れる)

Korean

Hanja

靠 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

靠: Hán Nôm readings: kháo, khéo

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.