鞄

鞄	U+9784, 鞄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9784

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

鞄 (Kangxi radical 177, 革+5, 14 strokes, Cangjie input 廿十心口山 (TJPRU), four-corner 4751₂, composition ⿰革包)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1386, character 38
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42781
Dae Jaweon: page 1901, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4331, character 12
Unihan data for U+9784

Chinese

simp. and trad.		鞄

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鞄
Spring and Autumn	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
袍	*buː
袌	buː, buːs
軳	*buː
抱	*buːʔ
勽	buːs, mɯnʔ
菢	*buːs
勹	*pruː
包	*pruː
胞	pruː, pʰruː
苞	*pruː
枹	pruː, bu, *bu
飽	*pruːʔ
泡	pʰruː, m̥ʰruːs, *bruː
炮	pʰruːs, bruː
皰	pʰruːs, bruːs
疱	pʰruːs, bruːs
跑	bruː, bruːɡ
咆	*bruː
庖	*bruː
匏	*bruː
刨	*bruː
狍	*bruː
炰	*bruː
鉋	bruː, bruːs
瓟	bruː, bruːɡ
颮	bruː, pʰruːɡ
鞄	bruː, bruːʔ, bruːs, pʰruːɡ
鮑	*bruːʔ
骲	bruːʔ, bruːs, bruːɡ, pʰoːɡ
玸	*bu
雹	*bruːɡ
窇	*bruːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *bruː, *bruːʔ, *bruːs, *pʰruːɡ): semantic 革 (“leather”) + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): páo (pao²)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄠˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): paau⁴ / pok³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phauh / phak

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: páo
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: páo
  - Wade–Giles: pʻao²
  - Yale: páu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: paur
  - Palladius: пао (pao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: paau⁴ / pok³
  - Yale: pàauh / pok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: paau⁴ / pok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: pao⁴ / pog³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaːu̯²¹/, /pʰɔːk̚³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phauh
  - Tâi-lô: phauh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phauq
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /pʰauʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phak
  - Tâi-lô: phak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phag
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /pʰak̚³²/

Note:

phauh - vernacular (“fat”);
phak - literary.

Middle Chinese: baew, baewX, baewH, phaewk

Rime
Character	鞄	鞄	鞄	鞄
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	並 (3)	並 (3)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	肴 (90)	肴 (90)	覺 (10)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II	II	II
Fanqie	薄交切	薄巧切	防敎切	匹角切
Baxter	baew	baewX	baewH	phaewk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠau/	/bˠau^X/	/bˠau^H/	/pʰˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚau/	/bᵚau^X/	/bᵚau^H/	/pʰᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/bau/	/bau^X/	/bau^H/	/pʰɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/baɨw/	/baɨw^X/	/baɨw^H/	/pʰaɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/bau/	/bau^X/	/bau^H/	/pʰɔk̚/
Wang Li	/bau/	/bau^X/	/bau^H/	/pʰɔk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱau/	/bʱau^X/	/bʱau^H/	/pʰɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	páo	bào	bào	po
Expected Cantonese Reflex	paau⁴	baau⁶	baau⁶	pok³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*bruː/, /*bruːʔ/, /*bruːs/, /*pʰruːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鞄	鞄	鞄	鞄
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
No.	295	299	302	309
Phonetic component	勹	勹	勹	勹
Rime group	幽	幽	幽	覺
Rime subdivision	1	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	庖	鮑	靤	璞
Old Chinese	/*bruː/	/*bruːʔ/	/*bruːs/	/*pʰruːɡ/

Definitions

鞄

(historical dictionaries only) craftsman who softens leather
(Xiamen Hokkien) fat (of infants)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bāo (bao¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄠ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bāo
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bao
  - Wade–Giles: pao¹
  - Yale: bāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bau
  - Palladius: бао (bao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Definitions

鞄

(archaic) leather bag

Japanese

Kanji

鞄

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: びょう (byō)^{←べう (beu, historical)}
Kan-on: ほう (hō)^{←はう (fau, historical)}
Kun: かばん (kaban, 鞄)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
鞄
かばん Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

鞄

Wikipedia ^ja

Possibly derived from Chinese 夾板 / 夹板 (jiābǎn) or 夾槾 / 夹槾 (jiāmàn, “boards for pressing or holding things together”),^[1]^[2] modern Min Nan reading kiap-pán.

Some references mention a possible borrowing from Belgian Dutch kabas with an ostensible meaning of bag.^[3] However, this is problematic on both semantic grounds, as Dutch sources indicate that the word means not bag but rather basket, in keeping with its apparent derivation from French cabas (“basket”);^[4] and on phonological grounds, as there is no clear mechanism for converting the final /s/ in the Dutch into the final /n/ in the Japanese, especially considering how relatively recently the Japanese word kaban first appears.

The original meaning of the kanji 鞄 referred to tanned leather or a tanner who produces such material.^[2]^[3] The native reading (kun'yomi) kaban only appears from the Meiji period (1868–1912).^[2]

First attested with this reading to a work from 1877;^[2] over the period of roughly 1877–1887, this word grew in popularity and displaced the previous term 胴乱 (dōran, “satchel”).^[2]^[5]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ka̠bã̠ɴ]
(Tokyo) かばん [kàbáń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[6]

Noun

鞄(かばん) • (kaban)

[from 1877] a bag, satchel, briefcase, or handbag (often made of leather or canvas)
Synonym: (archaic) 胴乱 (dōran)
- 1986, “Kimi o Nosete [Carrying You]”, Hayao Miyazaki (lyrics), Joe Hisaishi (music), performed by Azumi Inoue:
  
  さあ　でかけよう　ひときれのパン　ナイフ　ランプ　かばんにつめこんで
  Sā, dekakeyō, hitokire no pan, naifu, ranpu, kaban ni tsumekonde
  Let’s set out [on a journey with] a slice of bread, knife, [and] lamp, [all] stuffed in your bag.

Derived terms

Descendants

→ Hokkien: kha-báng
→ Korean: 가방 (gabang)
→ Sakizaya: kabang
→ Yami: kabang
→ Yilan Creole: kabang

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 “鞄”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
^ From the search results for "kabas" at the Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal website: 1, 2
^ “鞄”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“^▲鞄”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[3] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

鞄 (eum 포 (po))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

鞄: Hán Việt readings: bào, bạc

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DDJS-3] 3.0 ^3.1 “鞄”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

[4] From the search results for "kabas" at the Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal website: 1, 2

[5] “鞄”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984

[NHK-6] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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