食物
Chinese
[edit]eat; food; to feed eat; food; to feed; animal feed |
thing; object; matter | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (食物) | 食 | 物 | |
simp. #(食物) | 食 | 物 | |
anagram | 物食 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sik6 mat6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): seh5 veh4
- Eastern Min (BUC): sĭk-ŭk
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): chia̍h-mi̍h / chia̍h-mn̍gh / si̍t-bu̍t
- (Teochew, Peng'im): ziah8 muêh8
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8zeq-veq8
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄨˋ → ㄕˊ ˙ㄨ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: shíhwů
- Wade–Giles: shih2-wu5
- Yale: shŕ-wu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr.wuh
- Palladius: шиу (šiu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ u⁵¹/ → /ʂʐ̩³⁵ u³/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 什物
實務/实务
實物/实物
拾物
時務/时务
食物
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: sik6 mat6
- Yale: sihk maht
- Cantonese Pinyin: sik9 mat9
- Guangdong Romanization: xig6 med6
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɪk̚² mɐt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̍t-vu̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: siid vud
- Hagfa Pinyim: sid6 vud6
- Sinological IPA: /sɨt̚⁵ vut̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: seh5 veh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /səʔ⁵⁴ vəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭk-ŭk
- Sinological IPA (key): /siʔ⁵⁻³³ uʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Philippines, variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chia̍h-mi̍h
- Tâi-lô: tsia̍h-mi̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciaqmih
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sia(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ mĩʔ¹²¹/
- IPA (Philippines): /t͡sia(ʔ)²⁴⁻² miʔ²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /t͡sia(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ mĩʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chia̍h-mn̍gh
- Tâi-lô: tsia̍h-mn̍gh
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciaqmngh
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sia(ʔ)²⁴⁻² mŋ̍ʔ²⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sia(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ mŋ̍ʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Philippines, variant in Taiwan)
- chia̍h-mn̍gh/chia̍h-mi̍h - colloquial;
- si̍t-bu̍t - literary.
- Middle Chinese: zyik mjut
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-lək C.mut/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljɯɡ mɯd/
Noun
[edit]食物
Usage notes
[edit]There is no exact equivalent for English food in Chinese. The most generic term for food is 食物 (shíwù). Use 食品 (shípǐn) for food products, 菜餚/菜肴 (càiyáo) for dishes of food, 美食 (měishí) when the taste of the food is emphasised and 吃的 (chīde) in colloquial contexts. For food as in cuisine, consider 菜 (cài) or 料理 (liàolǐ).
Synonyms
[edit]Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 食物 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 食物 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 吃食, 吃兒 |
Taiwan | 食物 | |
Harbin | 食物 | |
Singapore | 食物 | |
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 食物, 食品 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 吃的 |
Xi'an | 吃的 | |
Xining | 吃食 | |
Xuzhou | 吃食 | |
Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 吃的, 吃頭 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 吃的, 吃貨 |
Wuhan | 吃食 | |
Guiyang | 吃的 | |
Guilin | 吃的 | |
Liuzhou | 吃的東西, 食物 | |
Cantonese | Hong Kong | 嘢食, 食物 |
Gan | Pingxiang | 吃食 |
Hakka | Meixian | 食物 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 食物 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 食物 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 食物 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 食物 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 食物 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 食物 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 食品 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 食物 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 食其乇 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 食物, 物食, 食食 |
Quanzhou | 食物, 食食 | |
Zhangzhou | 食物, 物食, 食食 | |
Tainan | 食物, 物食 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 食食, 物食 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 食物, 食食 | |
Leizhou | 物食 | |
Haikou | 物食 | |
Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 食物 |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 食物 |
Wu | Shanghai | 吃個物事 |
Shanghai (Chongming) | 吃食物事 | |
Xiang | Loudi | 吃個 |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
しょく Grade: 2 |
もつ Grade: 3 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 食物 (zyik mjut, literally “eat + thing”). Possible alteration from strict goon reading jikimotsu, changing goon jiki for kan'on shoku.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]食物 • (shokumotsu) ←しよくもつ (syokumotu)?
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 食物繊維 (shokumotsu sen'i): dietary fiber
- 食物連鎖 (shokumotsu rensa): a food chain
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
じき Grade: 2 |
もつ Grade: 3 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 食物 (zyik mjut, literally “eat + thing”). Possible original reading.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]The shokumotsu reading is more common.
Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
しょく Grade: 2 |
ぶつ Grade: 3 |
on'yomi |
From Chinese 食物 (shíwù). Possible reborrowing, or change influenced by later contact with China after borrowing of earlier goon reading jikimotsu.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]食物 • (shokubutsu) ←しよくぶつ (syokubutu)?
Usage notes
[edit]The shokumotsu reading is more common. The shokubutsu reading is generally avoided, due to the potential for confusion with the more-common term 植物 (shokubutsu, “plant, plant life”).
Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
た(べ) Grade: 2 |
もの Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
Compound of 食べ (tabe, “stem noun form of verb 食べる (taberu, “to eat”): eating”) + 物 (mono, “thing”).[4][1]
For disambiguation, this is more commonly written with the okurigana べ in the middle as 食べ物.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) たべもの [tàbémóꜜnò] (Nakadaka – [3])[1][2][3]
- (Tokyo) たべもの [tàbéꜜmònò] (Nakadaka – [2])[1][2][3]
- IPA(key): [ta̠be̞mo̞no̞]
Noun
[edit]Etymology 5
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
く(い) Grade: 2 |
もの Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
Compound of 食い (kui, “stem noun form of informal verb 食う (kuu, “to eat”): eating”) + 物 (mono, “thing”).[4][1]
For disambiguation, this is more commonly written with the okurigana い in the middle as 食い物.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) くいもの [kùímóꜜnò] (Nakadaka – [3])[1][3][2]
- (Tokyo) くいもの [kùímónóꜜ] (Odaka – [4])[2]
- IPA(key): [kɯ̟imo̞no̞]
Noun
[edit]食物 • (kuimono) ←くひもの (kufimono)?
- 食い物: food; a sexual partner; a patsy, someone tricked into being used for someone else's gain
- See 食い物 for more detail.
Verb
[edit]食物する • (kuimono suru) ←くひもの (kufimono)?suru (stem 食物し (kuimono shi), past 食物した (kuimono shita))
Etymology 6
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
く(らい) Grade: 2 |
もの Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
Compound of 食らい (kurai, “stem noun form of informal verb 食らう (kurau, “to eat, to drink”): eating, drinking”) + 物 (mono, “thing”).[4][1]
For disambiguation, this is more commonly written with the okurigana らい in the middle as 食らい物.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]食物 • (kuraimono) ←くらひもの (kurafimono)?
Etymology 7
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
は(み) Grade: 2 |
もの Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
Compound of 食み (hami, “stem noun form of verb 食む (hamu, “to chew; to eat; to suck down; to incur a loss”): eating”) + 物 (mono, “thing”).[4][1]
For disambiguation, this is written with the okurigana み in the middle as 食み物.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]- (fodder, animal food): 餌 (esa)
Etymology 8
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
食 | 物 |
お(し) Grade: 2 |
もの Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
Compound of 食し (oshi, “stem noun form of honorific verb 食す (osu, “to eat, to drink”, honorific): eating, drinking”) + 物 (mono, “thing”).[4]
For disambiguation, this is written with the okurigana し in the middle as 食し物.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]食物 • (oshimono) ←をしもの (wosimono)?
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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