ꙗпкꙑте

Old Novgorodian

Etymology

First attested in c. 1300‒1320. Borrowed from Turkic languages, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *yap- (“to cover”). Cognate with Turkmen ýapgyt (“slope, incline; close”), Chagatai [script needed] (yapuḳ, “closed, covered; felt raincoat covered with long wool from rain”), [script needed] (yapuġı, “cover, blanket”) and Karakhanid [script needed] (yapgut, “mattress or felt made of hair and wool”), attested in Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk, 11th century. Also attested in 1319‒1320 in Tver in Old East Slavic as ꙗпкꙑтъ (japkytŭ) or ꙗпъкꙑтъ (japŭkytŭ), according to Middle Russian texts of the 1530s ‒ early 1700s.^[1]

Related to Middle Russian ꙗпанча (japanča), епанча (jepanča) and Old Ruthenian єпанча (jepanča), опанча (opanča, “wide sleeveless cloak; cape, coverlet; shabrack”) ‒ which are borrowed from Ottoman Turkish یپونجه (yapunca, yapınca, “raincoat”) and Crimean Tatar yapınca (“hooded cape, cloak; bedspread, blanket”), from the stem [script needed] (yapın-) (+ ـجه (-ca)) with suffix [script needed] (-n) with the meaning of an action directed at the actor, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *yap- (“to cover”).^[2]^[3]

Pronunciation

Hyphenation: ꙗп‧кꙑ‧те

Noun

ꙗпкꙑте • (japkyte) m^[4]

felt cloak, raincoat
- c. 1300‒1320, Берестяная грамота № 138 [Birchbark letter no. 138]‎^[2], Novgorod:
  … · оу слинька · шапка въ ·г҃і· грв҃нѣ · оу иваниса · ѧпкꙑто · оу федореца ·в҃· грв҃нѣ · …
  … · u slinĭka · šapka vŭ 13 grv:ně · u ivanisa · jępkyto · u fedorecʹa 2 grv:ně · …
  Slinka has a hat worth 13 hryvnia. Ivanis has a felt cloak. Fedorets has 2 hryvnia.

Declension

Declension of ꙗпкꙑте (hard o-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ꙗпкꙑте japkyte	ꙗпкꙑта japkyta	ꙗпкꙑти japkyti
genitive	ꙗпкꙑта japkyta	ꙗпкꙑтоу japkytu	ꙗпкꙑтъ japkytŭ
dative	ꙗпкꙑтоу japkytu	ꙗпкꙑтома japkytoma	ꙗпкꙑтомъ japkytomŭ
accusative	ꙗпкꙑтъ japkytŭ	ꙗпкꙑта japkyta	ꙗпкꙑтѣ japkytě
instrumental	ꙗпкꙑтъмь japkytŭmĭ	ꙗпкꙑтома japkytoma	ꙗпкꙑтꙑ japkyty
locative	ꙗпкꙑтѣ japkytě	ꙗпкꙑтоу japkytu	ꙗпкꙑтѣхъ japkytěxŭ
vocative	ꙗпкꙑте japkyte	ꙗпкꙑта japkyta	ꙗпкꙑтѣ japkytě

References

^ Kuchkin, V. A. (1977), “К изучению текста новгородской берестяной грамоты № 138”, in Artsikhovsky, A. V., editor, Советская археология (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 292‒295
^ Anikin, A. E. (2021), “епанчá”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 15 (друг – еренга), Moscow: Nestor-Historia, →ISBN, page 354
^ Shansky, N. M., editor (1973), “епанчá”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, number 5 (Д, Е, Ж), Moscow: Moscow University Press, page 259
^ Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004), Древненовгородский диалект [Old Novgorod dialect]‎^[1] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: LRC Publishing House, →ISBN, page 821