씁쓸하다

Korean

Etymology

씁쓸 (sseupsseul) +‎ -하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives). Cognate with 쓰다 (sseuda, “bitter”), which in Middle Korean was ᄡᅳ〮다〮 (Yale: psú-tá). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. Particularly: “which element is cognate?”

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [s͈ɯps͈ɯɾɦa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [씁쓸하다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	sseupsseulhada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	sseub'sseulhada
McCune–Reischauer?	ssŭpssŭrhada
Yale Romanization?	ssup.ssul.hata

Adjective

씁쓸하다 • (sseupsseulhada) (infinitive 씁쓸해 or 씁쓸하여, sequential 씁쓸하니)

1. to be bitter, bitterish

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 씁쓸하다 (sseupsseulhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	씁쓸하다 sseupsseulhada	씁쓸해 sseupsseulhae	씁쓸해요 sseupsseulhaeyo	씁쓸합니다 sseupsseulhamnida
	Past	씁쓸했다 sseupsseulhaetda	씁쓸했어 sseupsseulhaesseo	씁쓸했어요 sseupsseulhaesseoyo	씁쓸했습니다 sseupsseulhaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	씁쓸하냐 sseupsseulhanya	씁쓸해 sseupsseulhae	씁쓸해요 sseupsseulhaeyo	씁쓸합니까 sseupsseulhamnikka
	Past	씁쓸했느냐 sseupsseulhaenneunya	씁쓸했어 sseupsseulhaesseo	씁쓸했어요 sseupsseulhaesseoyo	씁쓸했습니까 sseupsseulhaetseumnikka
Assertive		씁쓸하겠다 sseupsseulhagetda	씁쓸하겠어 sseupsseulhagesseo	씁쓸하겠어요 sseupsseulhagesseoyo	씁쓸하겠습니다 sseupsseulhagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		씁쓸해 sseupsseulhae	씁쓸해서, 씁쓸하여서 sseupsseulhaeseo, sseupsseulhayeoseo	씁쓸하니 sseupsseulhani	씁쓸하니까 sseupsseulhanikka
Contrast		씁쓸하지만 sseupsseulhajiman	씁쓸한데 sseupsseulhande	씁쓸하더니 sseupsseulhadeoni
Conjunction		씁쓸하고 sseupsseulhago
Condition		씁쓸하면 sseupsseulhamyeon	씁쓸해야, 씁쓸하여야 sseupsseulhaeya, sseupsseulhayeoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		씁쓸함 sseupsseulham	씁쓸하기 sseupsseulhagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		씁쓸했음, 씁쓸하였음 sseupsseulhaesseum, sseupsseulhayeosseum	씁쓸했기, 씁쓸하였기 sseupsseulhaetgi, sseupsseulhayeotgi
Determiners	Present		씁쓸한 sseupsseulhan
	Future		씁쓸할 sseupsseulhal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	씁쓸하시다 sseupsseulhasida	씁쓸하셔 sseupsseulhasyeo	씁쓸하세요, 씁쓸하셔요 sseupsseulhaseyo, sseupsseulhasyeoyo	씁쓸하십니다 sseupsseulhasimnida
	Past	씁쓸하셨다 sseupsseulhasyeotda	씁쓸하셨어 sseupsseulhasyeosseo	씁쓸하셨어요 sseupsseulhasyeosseoyo	씁쓸하셨습니다 sseupsseulhasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	씁쓸하시냐 sseupsseulhasinya	씁쓸하셔 sseupsseulhasyeo	씁쓸하세요, 씁쓸하셔요 sseupsseulhaseyo, sseupsseulhasyeoyo	씁쓸하십니까 sseupsseulhasimnikka
	Past	씁쓸하셨느냐 sseupsseulhasyeonneunya	씁쓸하셨어 sseupsseulhasyeosseo	씁쓸하셨어요 sseupsseulhasyeosseoyo	씁쓸하셨습니까 sseupsseulhasyeotseumnikka
Assertive		씁쓸하시겠다 sseupsseulhasigetda	씁쓸하시겠어 sseupsseulhasigesseo	씁쓸하시겠어요 sseupsseulhasigesseoyo	씁쓸하시겠습니다 sseupsseulhasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		씁쓸하셔 sseupsseulhasyeo	씁쓸하셔서 sseupsseulhasyeoseo	씁쓸하시니 sseupsseulhasini	씁쓸하시니까 sseupsseulhasinikka
Contrast		씁쓸하시지만 sseupsseulhasijiman	씁쓸하신데 sseupsseulhasinde	씁쓸하시더니 sseupsseulhasideoni
Conjunction		씁쓸하시고 sseupsseulhasigo
Condition		씁쓸하시면 sseupsseulhasimyeon	씁쓸하셔야 sseupsseulhasyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		씁쓸하심 sseupsseulhasim	씁쓸하시기 sseupsseulhasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		씁쓸하셨음 sseupsseulhasyeosseum	씁쓸하셨기 sseupsseulhasyeotgi
Determiners	Present		씁쓸하신 sseupsseulhasin
	Future		씁쓸하실 sseupsseulhasil