외롭다
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Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 외ᄅᆞᆸ다 (Yale: woylopta). From 외 (oe) + 롭다 (-ropda, suffix deriving adjectives).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [we̞ɾo̞p̚t͈a̠] ~ [ø̞ɾo̞p̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [웨롭따/외롭따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | oeropda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | oelobda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | oeropta |
| Yale Romanization? | oylopta |
Adjective[edit]
외롭다 • (oeropda) (infinitive 외로워, sequential 외로우니)
Conjugation[edit]
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 외롭다 oeropda |
외로워 oerowo |
외로워요 oerowoyo |
외롭습니다 oeropseumnida |
| Past | 외로웠다 oerowotda |
외로웠어 oerowosseo |
외로웠어요 oerowosseoyo |
외로웠습니다 oerowotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 외로우냐 oerounya |
외로워 oerowo |
외로워요 oerowoyo |
외롭습니까 oeropseumnikka |
| Past | 외로웠냐 oerowonnya |
외로웠어 oerowosseo |
외로웠어요 oerowosseoyo |
외로웠습니까 oerowotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 외롭겠다 oeropgetda |
외롭겠어 oeropgesseo |
외롭겠어요 oeropgesseoyo |
외롭겠습니다 oeropgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 외로워 oerowo |
외로워서 oerowoseo |
외로우니 oerouni |
외로우니까 oerounikka | |
| Contrast | 외롭지만 oeropjiman |
외로운데 oerounde |
외롭더니 oeropdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 외롭고 oeropgo |
||||
| Condition | 외로우면 oeroumyeon |
외로워야 oerowoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 외로움 oeroum |
외롭기 oeropgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 외로웠음 oerowosseum |
외로웠기 oerowotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 외로운 oeroun | |||
| Future | 외로울 oeroul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 외로우시다 oerousida |
외로우셔 oerousyeo |
외로우세요, 외로우셔요 oerouseyo, oerousyeoyo |
외로우십니다 oerousimnida |
| Past | 외로우셨다 oerousyeotda |
외로우셨어 oerousyeosseo |
외로우셨어요 oerousyeosseoyo |
외로우셨습니다 oerousyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 외로우시냐 oerousinya |
외로우셔 oerousyeo |
외로우세요, 외로우셔요 oerouseyo, oerousyeoyo |
외로우십니까 oerousimnikka |
| Past | 외로우셨냐 oerousyeonnya |
외로우셨어 oerousyeosseo |
외로우셨어요 oerousyeosseoyo |
외로우셨습니까 oerousyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 외로우시겠다 oerousigetda |
외로우시겠어 oerousigesseo |
외로우시겠어요 oerousigesseoyo |
외로우시겠습니다 oerousigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 외로우셔 oerousyeo |
외로우셔서 oerousyeoseo |
외로우시니 oerousini |
외로우시니까 oerousinikka | |
| Contrast | 외로우시지만 oerousijiman |
외로우신데 oerousinde |
외로우시더니 oerousideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 외로우시고 oerousigo |
||||
| Condition | 외로우시면 oerousimyeon |
외로우셔야 oerousyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 외로우심 oerousim |
외로우시기 oerousigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 외로우셨음 oerousyeosseum |
외로우셨기 oerousyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 외로우신 oerousin | |||
| Future | 외로우실 oerousil | ||||