𐎢𐎫𐎠

Old Persian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)utá, from *(H)u, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂u. Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬎𐬙𐬀 (uta), Parthian [script needed] ('wd), Sanskrit उत (utá).

Mayrhofer and others suggested a further connection with Ancient Greek αὖτε (aûte, “again”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂u-te.^[1] This connection has been disputed by later scholars due to the difference in usage, but a direct PIE ancestor is still possible; Celtiberian [Term?] (uta) serves an identical function, and on this basis Klein reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *utá.^[2]

Conjunction

𐎢𐎫𐎠 (u-t-a)^[3]

and

Descendants

Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭥𐭣 (ʾwd /⁠ud⁠/), 𐭠𐭥 (ʾw /⁠u⁠/) 𐭥
- Classical Persian:
  - Persian: و (o, va)
  - Tajik: у (u), ва (va) (after a pause)

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “utá”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 212
^ Klein, Jared S. (1992), “Some Indo-European Systems of Conjunction: Rigveda, Old Persian, Homer”, in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, volume 94, →DOI, pages 1–51
^ de Vaan, Michiel; Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “Old Persian”, in Gzella, Holger, editor, Languages from the World of the Bible, Berlin; Boston: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 198

[1] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “utá”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 212

[2] Klein, Jared S. (1992), “Some Indo-European Systems of Conjunction: Rigveda, Old Persian, Homer”, in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, volume 94, →DOI, pages 1–51

[3] Vaan, Michiel; Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “Old Persian”, in Gzella, Holger, editor, Languages from the World of the Bible, Berlin; Boston: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 198

[1]

[2]

[3]

Old Persian

Etymology

Conjunction

Descendants

See also

References