𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿
Old Uyghur
[edit]| Manichaean script | 𐫀𐫀𐫔𐫀𐫢 (ʾʾδʾš) |
|---|---|
| Arabic script | ادش (ʾdš) |
| Syriac script | ܐܬܐܫ (ʾtʾš) |
| Brāhmī script | 𑀆𑀥𑁆𑀰 (ādhśa) |
Etymology
[edit]Uncertain. Based on the formally similar terms in other Turkic languages, perhaps explainable as by surface analysis, 𐽰𐽰𐾀 (ʾʾt /at/) + -𐽸𐽰𐽿 (-dʾš /-daş/), which would then be from Proto-Common Turkic *āt (“name”), though note that this specific construction is not seen until later, after the Middle Turkic stage).[n 1]
The semantic breach and phonetic mismatch of the intervocalic -d- that arises from the previous etymology may suggest a similar or parallel derivation from 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾʾdmʾq /ad-/, “to separate, to distinguish; to be confused; to change”) or 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰 (ʾʾdʾ /ada/, “danger, nuisance”) instead.
Noun
[edit]𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿 (ʾʾdʾš /adaş/)
- friend, comrade; retinue
- c. 768 CE, Faptsun Şäli & Tsupa Äkä, Maitrisimit Nom Bitig chapter 1, page 7a, lines 4-7:[1][2]
- 𐽰𐽰𐽺𐽶 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽴 𐽹𐽳 𐽻𐽶𐽴 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽲 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽳𐽷 𐾀𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰 𐽼𐽶𐽴 𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐽸𐽳𐽹 […] 𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺
- ʾʾny kwyrmʾz mw syz ʾwlwq kwyclwk tʾnkrylʾr ʾylyklʾry ʾwyz ʾwyz ʾʾdʾšlʾry pyrlʾ pyz ynk ʾwdwm […] lʾryn
- /Anï körmäz mü siz uluġ küçlüg täŋrilär eligläri öz öz adaşlarï birlä biziŋ udum[uzta kälmäk]larïn?/
- Can't you see that the great [and] mighty God-kings are coming, with their own retinues following us?
- 𐽰𐽰𐽺𐽶 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽴 𐽹𐽳 𐽻𐽶𐽴 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽲 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽳𐽷 𐾀𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽴 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰 𐽼𐽶𐽴 𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐽸𐽳𐽹 […] 𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺
- c. 11th century, Raimast Frazend, Xᵘāstvānīft IX.B.3-6:[3][4][5] (Or.8212/178:197-200)
- 𐫏𐫙𐫓𐫀𐫠 𐫀𐫏𐫢 𐫎𐫇𐫢 𐫀𐫀𐫔𐫀𐫢 𐫠𐫇𐫔𐫀𐫢 𐫘𐫀𐫙𐫏𐫗 𐫀𐫀𐫓𐫏𐫛 𐫞𐫇𐫗𐫃𐫇𐫓𐫏𐫗 𐫞𐫇𐫡𐫇𐫛 𐫏𐫏𐫓𐫠𐫏𐫒𐫀 𐫁𐫀𐫡𐫖𐫠𐫀 𐫁𐫇𐫓𐫇𐫛 𐫲
- yʿlʾq̈ ʾyš ṯwš ʾʾδʾš q̈wδʾš sʾʿyn ʾʾlyp qwngwlyn qwrwp yylq̈yk̈ʾ bʾrmq̈ʾ bwlwp
- /Yavlaḳ eş tuş adaş ḳudaş savïn alïp, köŋülin körüp, yïlḳïḳa barïmḳa bulup.../
- [... or] accepting a bad companion's or friend's word [and] doing as they do, [or] being troubled for cattle and worldly property […]
- 𐫏𐫙𐫓𐫀𐫠 𐫀𐫏𐫢 𐫎𐫇𐫢 𐫀𐫀𐫔𐫀𐫢 𐫠𐫇𐫔𐫀𐫢 𐫘𐫀𐫙𐫏𐫗 𐫀𐫀𐫓𐫏𐫛 𐫞𐫇𐫗𐫃𐫇𐫓𐫏𐫗 𐫞𐫇𐫡𐫇𐫛 𐫏𐫏𐫓𐫠𐫏𐫒𐫀 𐫁𐫀𐫡𐫖𐫠𐫀 𐫁𐫇𐫓𐫇𐫛 𐫲
Proper noun
[edit]𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿 (ʾʾdʾš /Adaş/)
- a male given name
Declension
[edit]| Note: Not all forms are attested. | ||
|---|---|---|
| — | singular | definite plural |
| nominative | 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿 (ʾʾdʾš) | 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾʾdʾšlʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾʾdʾšnynk) | 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾʾdʾšlʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽲𐽰 (ʾʾdʾšqʾ) | 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (ʾʾdʾšlʾrqʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾdʾšyq) 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽺𐽶 (ʾʾdʾšny) |
𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾdʾšlʾryq) 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾʾdʾšlʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾀𐽰 (ʾʾdʾštʾ) | 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾʾdʾšlʾrtʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾdʾštyn) | 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾdʾšlʾrtyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾdʾšyn) | 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾdʾšlʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽽𐽰 (ʾʾdʾšcʾ) | — |
| directive | 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾʾdʾšqʾrw) | — |
| similative | 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽰𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾʾdʾšlʾyw) | — |
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Gěng S. (耿世民). (2007). 回鹘文哈密本 《弥勒会见记》 研究. 中央民族大学出版社. (p. 63)
- ^ https://vatec2.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/vatecasp/Maitrisimit_0-2.htm#167914
- ^ https://idp.bl.uk/collection/192566F9732149E7B230100C6362D516/
- ^ Asmussen, J. P. (1965). Xᵘāstvānīft: Studies in Manichaeism (Acta Theologica Danica; VII) (p. 175-176)
- ^ https://vatec2.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/vatecasp/Chuastuanift_(London).htm#139106
- Caferoğlu, A. (1968). Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü. Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları. (p. 3)
- Clauson, G. (1972). An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish. Oxford University Press. (p. 72)
- Nadeljaev, V. M., Nasilov, D. M., Tenishev, E. R., & Shcherbak, A. M. (1969). Древнетюркский Словарь. USSR Academy of Sciences: Nauka. (p. 9)
- Wilkens, J. (2021). Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. (p. 8)