𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰

Old Uyghur

Orthographic variants

Uyghur script	𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽶𐽰 (q̈ʾyʾ /⁠ḳaya⁠/) 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (qʾrʾ /⁠ḳa[y]a⁠/) 𐽲𐽰𐽶 (qʾy /⁠ḳay⁠/)
Orkhon script	𐰴𐰖𐰀 (qy¹a /⁠ḳaya⁠/) 𐰴𐰖 (qy¹ /⁠ḳaya⁠/)
Syriac script	ܗܐܝܐ (xʾyʾ /⁠ḥaya, ḳaya⁠/)
Brahmi script	𑀓𑀸𑀬𑀸 (kāyā /⁠ḳaya⁠/)
Phagspa script	ꡢ ꡗꡦ (q yė /⁠ḳaya, ḳye⁠/)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Common Turkic *kaya (“rock, boulder”). Cognate with Yakut хайа (qaya) and Ottoman Turkish قیا (kaya).

Noun

𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰 (qʾyʾ /ḳaya/)

1. rock

   Synonyms: 𐽲𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽹 (qwrwm /⁠ḳorum⁠/), 𐽻𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽶𐽾 (sʾnkyr /⁠seŋir⁠/), 𐾀𐽰𐽿 (tʾš /⁠taš⁠/)

   • c. late 14th century, Buyan Ḳaya (𐽼𐽳𐽶𐽰𐽺 𐽲𐽶𐽰), ḥPʻags-pa cave graffiti:

     ꡏꡦꡋ
     ꡎꡟ
     ꡗꡦꡋ
     ꡢ
     ꡗꡦ

     mėn bu yėn q yė

     /Men Buyen Ḳye/

     I am Buyan Ḳaya.

     (literally, “rock of merit, a male given name”)

Declension

Declension of 𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰

Note: Not all forms are attested.
—	singular	definite plural
nominative	𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰 (qʾyʾ)	𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾 (qʾyʾlʾr)
genitive	𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (qʾyʾnynk)	𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (qʾyʾlʾrnynk)
dative	𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽰 (qʾyʾqʾ)	𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (qʾyʾlʾrqʾ)
accusative	𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽲 (qʾyʾq) 𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽶 (qʾyʾny)	𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (qʾyʾlʾryq) 𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (qʾyʾlʾrny)
locative	𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾀𐽰 (qʾyʾtʾ)	𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (qʾyʾlʾrtʾ)
ablative	𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾀𐽶𐽺 (qʾyʾtyn)	𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (qʾyʾlʾrtyn)
instrumental	𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽺 (qʾyʾn)	𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (qʾyʾlʾryn)
equative	𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽽𐽰 (qʾyʾcʾ)	—
directive	𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (qʾyʾqʾrw)	—
similative	𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (qʾyʾlʾyw)	—

Derived terms

• 𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (qʾyʾlʾyw /⁠ḳayalayu⁠/, “petrous, lapidarian, lithic”)
• 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽲 (q̈ʾyʾlyq /⁠ḳayalïġ⁠/, “stony shore”)

Proper noun

𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰 (qʾyʾ /Ḳaya/)

1. a male given name

   𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽾𐽶 ― qʾyʾ ʾʾcʾry /Ḳaya Ačari/

   𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽻𐽶 ― qʾyʾ pʾqsy /Ḳaya Baḥšï/

   𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰 𐽰𐽳𐽺𐽷 𐾀𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽲 𐽼𐽷 ― qʾyʾ ʾwnk twtwq pk /Ḳaya Oŋ Totoḳ Beg/

   𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰 𐽻𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽳𐽺 ― qʾyʾ sʾnkwn /Ḳaya Saŋun/

Etymology 2

Unknown. Cognate with Teleut and dialectal Tuvan каяа көргүзрер (kayaa körgüzrer, “to look back”), Karakhanid قَیآ (qaya:, “behind, back”).

Adverb

𐽲𐽰𐽶𐽰 (qʾyʾ /ḳaya/)

1. (very rare) behind, back

   Synonyms: 𐽰𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (arḳa), 𐽰𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ïntïn), 𐽷𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽺 (kedin), 𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽿𐾀𐽰𐽷 (puruštak)

   Antonyms: 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽸𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (aldïrtïn), 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽺 (alïn), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐾀𐽳𐽺 (öŋtün), 𐽶𐽳𐽴 (yüz)

References

• Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968), “ḳaya”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page ḳaya
• Clauson, Gerard (1972), “(2) kaya:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 675
• Wilkens, Jens (2021), “(1) kaya ~ k(a)y(a)”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page (1) kaya ~ k(a)y(a)
• Wilkens, Jens (2021), “(2) kaya”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page (2) kaya