牧

See also: 攼

牧 U+7267, 牧 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7267 ← 牦 [U+7266] CJK Unified Ideographs 牨 → [U+7268]

Translingual

Han character

牧 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹手人大 (HQOK), four-corner 2854₀, composition ⿰牜攵)

References

• KangXi: page 698, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19950
• Dae Jaweon: page 1110, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1803, character 19
• Unihan data for U+7267

---

Chinese

simp. and trad.		牧

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 牧
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 牛 (“cow”) + 攴 (“a whip”) – to herd.

Etymology

Cognate with Tibetan འབྲོག་པ། ('brog pa, “herdsman; nomad; shepherd”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mù (mu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): muk⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mu̍k
• Min Dong (BUC): mŭk / muŏk
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): bo̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mog⁸

• Wu (Wiktionary): moq (T5)

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mù
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mù
    • Wade–Giles: mu⁴
    • Yale: mù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muh
    • Palladius: му (mu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: muk⁶
    • Yale: muhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: muk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: mug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mʊk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mu̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: mug
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mug⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /muk̚⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: mŭk / muŏk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /muʔ⁵/, /muoʔ⁵/

Note:

• muŏk - only in the sense “to heal; to cure”.

Min Nan

• (Hokkien)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍k
  • Tâi-lô: bo̍k
  • Phofsit Daibuun: bok
  • IPA (Xiamen): /bɔk̚⁴/
  • IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔk̚²⁴/
  • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔk̚¹²¹/
  • IPA (Taipei): /bɔk̚⁴/
  • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔk̚⁴/
• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: mog⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mo̍k
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mok̚⁴/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: moq (T5)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mʊʔ¹²/

---

• Middle Chinese: /mɨuk̚/

Rime
Character	牧
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	東 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	莫六切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/miuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/miuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muwk̚/
Li Rong	/miuk̚/
Wang Li	/mĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	muk6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	牧
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mù
Middle Chinese	‹ mjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*mək/
English	to herd, herdsman
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	牧
Reading #	1/1
No.	9335
Phonetic component	牧
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	目
Old Chinese	/*mɯɡ/

Definitions

牧

1. to herd; to tend; to breed livestock
2. herdsman; herder; shepherd
3. ^† to govern; to rule
4. (historical) overlord; ruler (of one of the nine ancient city states in China)
5. Short for 畜牧業／畜牧业 (xùmùyè, “animal husbandry”).
6. (Min Dong) to heal; to cure
7. a surname

Compounds

Derived terms from 牧

• 九牧
• 人牧
• 十羊九牧
• 卑以自牧
• 南牧
• 司牧
• 坰牧
• 如狼牧羊
• 山牧季移 (shānmùjìyí)
• 岳牧
• 州牧 (zhōumù)
• 放牧 (fàngmù)
• 放牧地
• 方牧
• 明牧
• 李牧
• 杜牧
• 樵牧
• 民牧
• 游牧 (yóumù)
• 游牧民族 (yóumù mínzú)
• 牧主
• 牧人 (mùrén)
• 牧伯
• 牧司

• 牧圉
• 牧地
• 牧夫座 (Mùfūzuò)
• 牧子 (mùzǐ)
• 牧守 (mùshǒu)
• 牧工
• 牧放
• 牧歌 (mùgē)
• 牧民 (mùmín)
• 牧田 (mùtián)
• 牧畜 (mùxù)
• 牧神之笛
• 牧童 (mùtóng)
• 牧羊 (mùyáng)
• 牧羊犬 (mùyángquǎn)
• 牧羊神
• 牧群 (mùqún)
• 牧草 (mùcǎo)
• 牧野 (Mùyě)
• 田夫牧子
• 畜牧 (xùmù)
• 耕牧
• 廣牧／广牧
• 放牧業／放牧业
• 海洋牧場／海洋牧场

• 牧區／牧区 (mùqū)
• 牧場／牧场 (mùchǎng)
• 牧師／牧师 (mùshī)
• 牧業／牧业 (mùyè)
• 牧瀆／牧渎
• 牧牛兒／牧牛儿
• 牧牛放馬／牧牛放马
• 牧羊讀書／牧羊读书
• 牧豎／牧竖
• 牧豕聽經／牧豕听经
• 牧豬奴戲／牧猪奴戏
• 牧野之戰／牧野之战
• 牧養納畜／牧养纳畜
• 牧馬／牧马 (mùmǎ)
• 畜牧學／畜牧学 (xùmùxué)
• 畜牧業／畜牧业 (xùmùyè)
• 芻牧／刍牧
• 蘇武牧羊／苏武牧羊
• 謙卑自牧／谦卑自牧
• 謙沖自牧／谦冲自牧 (qiānchōngzìmù)
• 謙虛自牧／谦虚自牧
• 輪牧／轮牧
• 農牧／农牧
• 飼牧／饲牧

---

Japanese

Kanji

牧

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. to herd

Readings

• Go-on: もく (moku)
• Kan-on: ぼく (boku, Jōyō)
• Kun: まき (maki, 牧, Jōyō); かう (kau, 牧う); やしなう (yashinau, 牧う)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
牧
まき Grade: 4
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 牧 – see the following entry.

【まき】 [noun] pasture [proper noun] 牧: a surname

(This term, 牧, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
牧
まき Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Proper noun

牧(まき) • (Maki) 

1. a surname

---

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 牧 (MC mɨuk̚). Recorded as Middle Korean 목〮 (mwók) (Yale: mwok) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

牧 (eumhun 칠 목 (chil mok))

1. Hanja form^? of 목 (“to herd”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 목사 (牧師, moksa)
• 유목 (遊牧, yumok)
• 방목 (放牧, bangmok)
• 목축 (牧畜, mokchuk, “stock-farming”)
• 목장 (牧場, mokjang, “farm”)
• 목자 (牧者, mokja, “shepherd”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

---

Vietnamese

Han character

牧: Hán Nôm readings: mục, mặt

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.