繁

See also: 緐

繁 U+7E41, 繁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7E41 ← 繀 [U+7E40] CJK Unified Ideographs 繂 → [U+7E42]

繁 U+FA59, 繁 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA59 ← 縉 [U+FA58] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 署 → [U+FA5A]

Translingual

Han character

繁 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+11 in Chinese, 糸+10 in Japanese, 17 strokes in Chinese, 18 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 人大女戈火 (OKVIF), four-corner 8890₃, composition ⿱敏糸)

Derived characters

• 瀿, 蘩

References

• KangXi: page 937, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27803
• Dae Jaweon: page 1376, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3444, character 3
• Unihan data for U+7E41

• Unihan data for U+FA59

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Chinese

trad.		繁
simp. #		繁
2nd round simp.		⿰纟凡

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (緐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
繁	*baːl, *baːn, *ban
緐	*ban
蘩	*ban
瀿	*ban
瀪	*bans

Etymology

The same word as 蕃 (OC *ban, “luxuriant; numerous”). See there for more.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fán (fan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): faan⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fàn
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hoân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huang⁵ / huêng⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: fán
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farn
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fán
    • Wade–Giles: fan2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: faan⁴
    • Yale: fàahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: faan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: fan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fäːn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fàn
    • Hakka Romanization System: fanˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fan²
    • Sinological IPA: /fan¹¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoân
    • Tâi-lô: huân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoaan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /huan²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /huan²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /huan²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: huang⁵ / huêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâng / huêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ⁵⁵/, /hueŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• huang5 - Shantou;
• huêng5 - Chaozhou.

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• Middle Chinese: /bʉɐn/

Rime
Character	繁
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	附袁切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/bʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/biuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buan/
Li Rong	/biuɐn/
Wang Li	/bĭwɐn/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	faan4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ar/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ban/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	繁
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fán
Middle Chinese	‹ bjon ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ar/
English	abundant, numerous
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	繁
Reading #	3/3
No.	2951
Phonetic component	緐
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	煩
Old Chinese	/*ban/
Notes	說文作緐

Definitions

繁

1. numerous; many

   繁星 (fánxīng)

2. complicated

   繁體字／繁体字 (fántǐzì)

3. luxuriant; lush

   繁盛 (fánshèng)

Antonyms

• (complicated): 簡／简 (jiǎn)

Compounds

Derived terms from 繁

• 人工繁殖
• 冗繁
• 分株繁殖
• 刪繁就簡／删繁就简
• 化繁為簡／化繁为简 (huàfánwéijiǎn)
• 卷帙浩繁
• 多言繁稱／多言繁称
• 實繁有徒／实繁有徒
• 急竹繁絲／急竹繁丝
• 急管繁絃／急管繁弦
• 意謂繁句／意谓繁句
• 旌繁
• 春秋繁露
• 有性繁殖
• 枝繁葉茂／枝繁叶茂 (zhīfányèmào)
• 根蘗繁殖
• 浩繁 (hàofán)
• 演繁露
• 生齒日繁／生齿日繁
• 紛繁／纷繁 (fēnfán)
• 繁冗 (fánrǒng)
• 繁分數／繁分数
• 繁刑重斂／繁刑重敛
• 繁刑重賦／繁刑重赋
• 繁劇／繁剧
• 繁博

• 繁句
• 繁囂／繁嚣
• 繁多 (fánduō)
• 繁密 (fánmì)
• 繁富 (fánfù)
• 繁弦急管
• 繁弱
• 繁忙 (fánmáng)
• 繁文末節／繁文末节
• 繁文縟禮／繁文缛礼
• 繁文縟節／繁文缛节 (fánwénrùjié)
• 繁昌 (fánchāng)
• 繁星 (fánxīng)
• 繁暑
• 繁有徒
• 繁榮／繁荣 (fánróng)
• 繁榮富強／繁荣富强
• 繁榮昌盛／繁荣昌盛
• 繁殖 (fánzhí)
• 繁瑣／繁琐 (fánsuǒ)
• 繁盛 (fánshèng)
• 繁禮多儀／繁礼多仪
• 繁細／繁细 (fánxì)
• 繁絲急管／繁丝急管
• 繁縟／繁缛
• 繁纓／繁缨

• 繁缺
• 繁育 (fányù)
• 繁臺／繁台
• 繁花錦簇／繁花锦簇
• 繁茂 (fánmào)
• 繁華／繁华 (fánhuá)
• 繁華世界／繁华世界
• 繁華損枝／繁华损枝
• 繁蕪／繁芜
• 繁衍 (fányǎn)
• 繁複／繁复 (fánfù)
• 繁言吝嗇／繁言吝啬
• 繁賾／繁赜
• 繁重 (fánzhòng)
• 繁雜／繁杂 (fánzá)
• 繁難／繁难 (fánnán)
• 繁露
• 繁體／繁体 (fántǐ)
• 繁體字／繁体字 (fántǐzì)
• 繁麗／繁丽
• 舉要治繁／举要治繁
• 芟繁就簡／芟繁就简
• 葉塊繁殖／叶块繁殖
• 豐繁／丰繁 (fēngfán)
• 頻繁／频繁 (pínfán)
• 食指浩繁

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (繁):

• → Japanese: 繁(はん) (han)
• → Korean: 번 (繁, beon)
• → Vietnamese: phồn (繁)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pó (po²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄛˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: pó
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄛˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: por
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pó
    • Wade–Giles: pʻo2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰwɔ³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /buɑ/

Rime
Character	繁
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	薄波切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/buɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/buɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/buɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bwa/
Li Rong	/buɑ/
Wang Li	/buɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱuɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	po4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*baːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	繁
Reading #	1/3
No.	2945
Phonetic component	緐
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	婆
Old Chinese	/*baːl/
Notes	見爾雅

Definitions

繁

1. Alternative form of 皤 (pó, “white”).
2. a surname.
3. Only used in 繁塔 and 繁台

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pán (pan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄢˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: pán
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄢˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: parn
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pán
    • Wade–Giles: pʻan2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰän³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /buɑn/

Rime
Character	繁
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	薄官切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/buɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/bʷɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/buɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bwan/
Li Rong	/buɑn/
Wang Li	/buɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱuɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pun4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*baːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	繁
Reading #	2/3
No.	2946
Phonetic component	緐
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	槃
Old Chinese	/*baːn/

Definitions

繁

1. Alternative form of 鞶 (pán).

Pronunciation 4

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mǐn (min³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄣˇ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: mǐn
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄣˇ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miin
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mǐn
    • Wade–Giles: min3
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /min²¹⁴/

Definitions

繁

1. Alternative form of 敏 (mǐn).
2. Used in 繁鳥／繁鸟.

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Japanese

Shinjitai	繁
Kyūjitai	繁

Kanji

繁

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 繁)

Readings

• Go-on: ぼん (bon)
• Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)
• Kun: しげる (shigeru, 繁る); しげし (shigeshi, 繁し)
• Nanori: えだ (eda); とし (toshi)

Compounds

Compounds

• 繁(しじ)根(ね) (shijine)
• 繁吹(しぶ)く (shibuku)
• 繁桟(こみざん) (komizan)
• 繁縷(ハコベ) (hakobe), 繁縷(はこべら) (hakobera)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
繁
はん Grade: S
kan’on

Alternative spelling
繁 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 繁 (MC bʉɐn).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) は​ん [háꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [hã̠ɴ]

Affix

繁(はん) • (han) 

1. flourishing, luxuriant, heavy or dense (of foliage)
2. rich, prosperous
3. rhythm, regularity
4. complication, difficulty
5. cumbersome, troublesome

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 繁(はん)栄(えい) (han'ei)
• 繁(はん)華(か) (hanka)
• 繁(はん)簡(かん) (hankan)
• 繁(はん)劇(げき) (hangeki)
• 繁(はん)絃(げん) (hangen)
• 繁(はん)細(さい) (hansai)
• 繁(はん)雑(ざつ) (hanzatsu)
• 繁(はん)庶(しょ) (hansho)
• 繁(はん)盛(じょう), 繁(はん)昌(じょう) (hanjō)
• 繁(はん)殖(しょく) (hanshoku)
• 繁(はん)盛(せい) (hansei)
• 繁(はん)霜(そう) (hansō)
• 繁(はん)息(そく) (hansoku)
• 繁(はん)多(た) (hanta)
• 繁(はん)農(のう) (hannō)
• 繁(はん)蕪(ぶ) (hanbu)
• 繁(はん)文(ぶん) (hanbun)
• 繁(はん)分(ぶん)数(すう) (hanbunsū)
• 繁(はん)忙(ぼう) (hanbō)
• 繁(はん)務(む) (hanmu)
• 繁(はん)茂(も) (hanmo)
• 繁(はん)用(よう) (han'yō)
• 最(さい)繁(はん)時(じ) (saihanji)
• 頻(ひん)繁(ぱん) (hinpan)
• 農(のう)繁(はん) (nōhan)
• 労(ろう)繁(はん) (rōhan)

Noun

繁(はん) • (han) 

1. a flourish, luxuriance

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
繁
しげ Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
繁 (kyūjitai)

⟨sige₂⟩ → */siᵑɡəɨ/ → /ɕiɡe/

From Old Japanese.

Noun

繁(しげ) • (shige) 

1. (archaic, obsolete) a copse, thicket
2. (archaic, obsolete) a repeat, frequency

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 繁(しげ)繁(しげ) (shigeshige)
• 繁(しげ)い (shigei)
• 茂(しげ)み (shigemi)
• 茂(しげ)る (shigeru)
• 繁(しげ)金(かな)物(もの) (shigekanamono)
• 繁(しげ)繁(しげ)し (shigeshigeshi)
• 繁(しげ)太(た) (Shigeta)
• 繁(しげ)垂(だる)木(き) (shigedaruki)
• 繁(しげ)縫(ぬ)い (shigenui)
• 繁(しげ)菱(びし) (shigebishi)
• 繁(しげ)骨(ぼね) (shigebone)
• 繁(しげ)目(め)結(ゆ)い (shigemeyui)
• 繁(しげ)文(もん) (shigemon)
• 繁(しげ)山(やま) (shigeyama)
• 事(こと)繁(しげ) (kotoshige)
• 縦(たて)繁(しげ) (tateshige)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
繁
しげ(る) Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
繁 (kyūjitai)

Nominalization of verb 茂る (shigeru, “to grow thick, be luxuriant”).

Proper noun

繁(しげる) • (Shigeru) 

1. a male given name

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Korean

Hanja

繁 • (beon, ban) (hangeul 번, 반, revised beon, ban, McCune–Reischauer pŏn, pan, Yale pen, pan)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Old Japanese

Etymology 1

Noun

繁 (sige₂) (kana しげ)

1. a copse, thicket

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 繁し (sige₂si, adjective)
• 茂み (sige₂mi₁, noun)
• 茂る (sige₂ru, verb)
• 繁道 (sige₂di)
• 繁山 (sige₂yama)

Descendants

• Japanese: 繁 (shige)

Etymology 2

Noun

繁 (sizi) (kana しじ)

1. flourish, luxuriance, overgrowth
2. large in quantity, tight pack

Derived terms

• 繁に (sizi ni)
• 繁貫く (sizinuku)

Descendants

• Japanese: 繁根 (shijine)

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Vietnamese

Han character

繁: Hán Nôm readings: phồn, phiền

1. many; numerous