-и

See also: и and Appendix:Variations of "y"

Abkhaz

Suffix

-и • (-i)

and

Usage notes

Can be used with all Abkhaz words. It should be placed after all words which use it:

аби ани ― abi ani ― father and mother

An и placed after an а will result in еи:

Атуристцәа Аҟәаҟеи Гәдоуҭаҟеи ицеит.

Atʼuristʼcʷa Aqʷʼaqʼei Gʷdowtaqʼei icejtʼ.

The tourists went to Sukhumi and Gudauta.

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьjь.

Suffix

-и • (-i)

Forms relational adjectives from certain titular nouns.
‎бог (bog, “God”) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎бо́жи (bóži, “of God, God's”)

‎враг (vrag, “enemy”) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎вра́жи (vráži, “of the enemy, enemy's”)
Forms relational adjectives from nouns denoting animals.
‎вълк (vǎlk, “wolf”) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎въ́лчи (vǎ́lči)

‎пти́ца (ptíca, “bird”) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎пти́чи (ptíči)

‎овца́ (ovcá, “sheep”) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎о́вчи (óvči)

‎гъ́с(ка) (gǎ́s(ka), “goose”) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎гъ́ши (gǎ́ši)

Derived terms

Bulgarian terms suffixed with -и

Kazakh

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian (-i) and Arabic ـِيّ (-iyy). Doublet of -ы (-y).

Suffix

-и • (-i)

Forms adjectives from nouns
‎әскер (äsker, “army”) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎әскери (äskeri, “military”)

Derived terms

Kazakh terms suffixed with -и

Macedonian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [i]

Suffix

-и • (-i)

Appended to nouns to create verbs.
‎врева (vreva) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎вреви (vrevi)

‎дозвола (dozvola) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎дозволи (dozvoli)

‎зрак (zrak) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎зрачи (zrači)

‎ѕвон (dzvon) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎ѕвони (dzvoni)

‎срам (sram) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎срами (srami)
Appended to adjectives to create verbs.
‎бел (bel) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎бели (beli)

‎бистар (bistar) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎бистри (bistri)

‎крив (kriv) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎криви (krivi)

‎рамен (ramen) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎рамни (ramni)

‎ќелав (ḱelav) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎ќелави (ḱelavi)

Derived terms

Macedonian terms suffixed with -и

Moksha

Etymology

Perhaps related to Finnish -ja, Estonian -ja, Livonian -ji, e.g., jūoji (“drinker”).

Suffix

-и • (-i)

agentive suffix
- V. I. Ščankina (2011) Russko-mokšansko-erzjanskij slovarʹ [Russian-Moksha-Erzya Dictionary], Saransk, →ISBN
  читатель — морафтысь, лувись
  čitateľ — moraftïś, luv iś
  reader [in Russian] — reader

Declension

Definite declension of -и
	singular	plural
nominative	-ись (-iś)	-ихне (-ihne)
genitive	-ить (-iť)	-ихнень (-ihneń)
dative	-ити (-iti)	-ихненди (-ihnendi)

Derived terms

Moksha terms suffixed with -и

Mongolian

Etymology

Derived from Russian -ия f (-ija, “-y, -ey, -ia, -ium”) and -ий m (-ij, “-ius”).

Pronunciation

Silent.

Suffix

-и • (-i)

Used in place of Russian -ия (-ija) and -ий (-ij) in loanwords with stems that do not end in с (s) or ц (c).
Alternative form: -∅

Итали ― Itali ― Italy

Бельги ― Belʹgi ― Belgium

Маврики ― Mavriki ― Mauritius

Derived terms

Mongolian terms suffixed with -и

Old Church Slavonic

Alternative forms

-ⰻ (-i) — Glagolitic

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *-jь.

Suffix

-и • (-i)

Adjectival of secondary origin:
1. From nouns
  ‎грѣшьникъ (grěšĭnikŭ, “sinner”) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎грѣшьничь (grěšĭničĭ, “sinner's”)
  
  ‎ловьць (lovĭcĭ, “hunter”) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎ловьчь (lovĭčĭ, “hunter's”)
  
  ‎мѫченикъ (mǫčenikŭ, “martyr”) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎мѫченичь (mǫčeničĭ, “martyr's”)
  
  ‎вьдовица (vĭdovica, “widow”) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎вьдовичь (vĭdovičĭ, “widow's”)
  
  ‎дѣвица (děvica, “virgin, maiden”) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎дѣвичь (děvičĭ, “girl's”)
  
  ‎агнѧ (agnę, “lamb”) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎агньчь (agnĭčĭ, “lamb's”)
  
  ‎говѧдо (govędo, “bull, ox”) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎говѧждь (govęždĭ, “bovine”)
2. From adjectives
  ‎бъдръ (bŭdrŭ, “lively”) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎бъждр҄ь (bŭždrʹĭ, “brisk”)
  
  ‎прокъ (prokŭ, “remnant”) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎прочь (pročĭ, “other”)
3. From verbs
  ‎лъгати (lŭgati, “to lie”) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎лъжь (lŭžĭ, “lie's”)
  
  ‎боуꙗти (bujati, “to thrive, to rage”) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎боуи (bui, “immoderate”)

Usage notes

When attached to a word ending in a consonant, the -j- glide iotates the aforementioned consonant which often leads to one of the Slavic palatalizations.

Declension

Short declension of -и (soft o/a-stem)

	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
	singular			dual			plural
nominative	-ь -ĭ	-е -e	-а -a	-а -a	-и -i		-и -i	-а -a	-ѧ -ę
genitive	-а -a		-ѧ -ę	-оу -u		-оу -u	-ь -ĭ		-ь -ĭ
dative	-оу -u		-и -i	-ема -ema		-ама -ama	-емъ -emŭ		-амъ -amŭ
accusative	-ь -ĭ	-е -e	-ѫ -ǫ	-а -a	-и -i		-ѧ -ę	-а -a	-ѧ -ę
instrumental	-емь -emĭ		-еѭ -ejǫ	-ема -ema		-ама -ama	-и -i		-ами -ami
locative	-и -i		-и -i	-оу -u		-оу -u	-ихъ -ixŭ		-ахъ -axŭ
vocative	-ь -ĭ	-е -e	-а -a	-а -a	-и -i		-и -i	-а -a	-ѧ -ę

Long declension of -и (soft o/a-stem)

	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
	singular			dual			plural
nominative	-ии -ii	-еѥ -eje	-аꙗ -aja	-аꙗ -aja	-ии -ii		-ии -ii	-аꙗ -aja	-ѧѩ -ęję
genitive	-аѥго -ajego		-ѧѩ -ęję	-оую -uju		-оую -uju	-иихъ -iixŭ		-иихъ -iixŭ
dative	-оуѥмоу -ujemu		-ии -ii	-иима -iima		-иима -iima	-иимъ -iimŭ		-иимъ -iimŭ
accusative	-ии -ii	-еѥ -eje	-ѫѭ -ǫjǫ	-аꙗ -aja	-ии -ii		-ѧѩ -ęję	-аꙗ -aja	-ѧѩ -ęję
instrumental	-иимь -iimĭ		-еѭ -ejǫ	-иима -iima		-иима -iima	-иими -iimi		-иими -iimi
locative	-иѥмь -ijemĭ		-ии -ii	-оую -uju		-оую -uju	-иихъ -iixŭ		-иихъ -iixŭ
vocative	-ии -ii	-еѥ -eje	-аꙗ -aja	-аꙗ -aja	-ии -ii		-ии -ii	-аꙗ -aja	-ѧѩ -ęję

Derived terms

Old Church Slavonic terms suffixed with -и

ловьчь

поварь

Related terms

-ии (-ii)

References

Бояджиев, Андрей (2016), Старобългарска читанка‎^[1], София

Old Novgorodian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-jь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-jas, from Proto-Indo-European *-yós. Cognate with Old East Slavic -и (-i), Old Church Slavonic -и (-i).

Suffix

-и • (-i)

Adjectival of secondary origin:
1. From nouns
  ‎кꙑꙗнине (kyjanine, “Kyivan (resident of Kyiv)”) + ‎-и (-i) → ‎кꙑꙗнинь (kyjaninĭ, “Kyivan's”)

Declension

Short declension of -и (soft o/a stem)
	singular			dual			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative	-ь -ĭ	-е -je	-а -a	-а -a	-и -i		-и -i	-а -a	-ѣ -jě
genitive	-а -a		-ѣ -jě	-оу -u			-ь -ĭ
dative	-оу -u		-и -i	-ема -jema		-ама -ama	-емъ -jemŭ		-амъ -amŭ
accusative	-ь -ĭ	-е -je	-ѫ -ǫ	-а -a	-и -i		-ѣ -jě	-а -a	-ѣ -jě
instrumental	-емь -jemĭ		-еѭ -jejǫ	-ема -jema		-ама -ama	-и -i		-ами -ami
locative	-и -i		-и -i	-оу -u			-ихъ -ixŭ		-ахъ -axŭ
vocative	-ь -ĭ	-е -je	-а -a	-а -a	-и -i		-и -i	-а -a	-ѣ -jě

Long declension of -и (soft o/a stem)
	singular			dual			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative	-ьи -ĭi	-еѥ -jeje	-аꙗ -aja	-аꙗ -aja	-ии -ii		-ии -ii	-аꙗ -aja	-ѣѣ -jějě
genitive	-его -jego		-ѣѣ -jějě	-оую -uju			-ихъ -ixŭ
dative	-емоу -jemu		-ии -ii	-има -ima		-има -ima	-имъ -imŭ		-имъ -imŭ
accusative	-ьи -ĭi	-еѥ -jeje	-ѫѭ -ǫjǫ	-аꙗ -aja	-ии -ii		-ѣѣ -jějě	-аꙗ -aja	-ѣѣ -jějě
instrumental	-имь -imĭ		-еѭ -jejǫ	-има -ima		-има -ima	-ими -imi		-ими -imi
locative	-емь -jemĭ		-ии -ii	-оую -uju			-ихъ -ixŭ		-ихъ -ixŭ
vocative	-ьи -ĭi	-еѥ -jeje	-аꙗ -aja	-аꙗ -aja	-ии -ii		-ии -ii	-аꙗ -aja	-ѣѣ -jějě

Derived terms

Old Novgorodian terms suffixed with -и

кꙑꙗнинь

отьць

Ukrainian

Suffix

-и • (-y) f or m

inflection of -а (-a):
1. genitive singular
2. nominative/accusative/vocative plural

Suffix

-и • (-y) m (r-stem variant -і, j-stem variant -ї)

_non-ar/-j nominative/accusative/vocative plural of -∅

Declension

(for pluralia tantum placenames and мати (maty, “mother”))

Declension of *-и́*
(inan pl-only hard fem-form accent-b)
	plural
nominative	-и́ -ý
genitive	- -
dative	-а́м -ám
accusative	-и́ -ý
instrumental	-а́ми -ámy
locative	-а́х -áx
vocative	-и́ -ý

Declension of -и (inan masc-form)
(pl-only)
	plural
nominative	-и -y
genitive	-ів^* -iv*
dative	-ам -am
accusative	-и -y
instrumental	-́ами -́amy
locative	-ах -ax
vocative	-и -y

^*Etymology 2

Declention of -и in *мати* (maty)
(pers 3rd-decl fem-form accent-c і-е)
	singular	plural
nominative	(-ер) (-er)	-ері́ -erí
genitive	-́ері -́eri	-ері́в -erív
dative	-́ері -́eri	-еря́м -erjám
accusative	-́ір -́ir	-ері́в -erív
instrumental	-́ір'ю -́irʺju	-еря́ми -erjámy
locative	-́ері -́eri	-еря́х -erjáx
vocative	(-ер) (-er)	-ері́ -erí

Derived terms