-აკი
Georgian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Old Georgian -აკი (-aḳi). Doublet of -ა (-a).
Suffix
[edit]-აკი • (-aḳi)
- Forms diminutives
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Šaniʒe, Aḳaḳi (1980), Kartuli enis gramaṭiḳis sapuʒvlebi [Basics of Georgian Grammar] (Txzulebani tormeṭ ṭomad; 3) (in Georgian), Tbilisi: University Press, page 121
Old Georgian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Compare Old Armenian -ակ (-ak). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).
Has developed into -ა (-a) in Modern Georgian. The loss of final -კ- (-ḳ-) is an inner-Georgian development and has been remarked upon by Shanidze and Gippert in the context of the pairs აგარაჲ (agaray) ← აგარაკი (agaraḳi), დანა (dana) ← დანაკი (danaḳi) and სენაჲ (senay) ← სენაკი (senaḳi); it is dated by Gippert to not later than the late 10th century based on the attestation of სენაჲ (senay).[1][2] The law seems to have operated on all final -აკი (-aḳi) sequences, whether in wholly-borrowed terms or inner-Georgian formations with the suffix -აკი (-aḳi), including ბაზმა (bazma), ბანა (bana), ბურნა (burna), გავა (gava), გაზა (gaza), გალია (galia), გლახა (glaxa), გოვზა (govza), გვარდა (gvarda), დაშნა (dašna), დორა (dora), დროშა (droša), დუმა (duma), ეშმა (ešma), ვარია (varia), ზვარა (zvara), კერა (ḳera), კვირა (ḳvira), მიჯნა (miǯna), მუშა (muša), პინა (ṗina), პიტნა (ṗiṭna), რემა (rema), სენა (sena), სვია (svia), ქორა (kora), ძირა (ʒira), წინდა (c̣inda), ჭალა (č̣ala), ჭაშა (č̣aša).
The development of -აკი (-aḳi) into -ა (-a) must have been via an intermediate stage -აჸი̆ (-aʾĭ) which survives in the conservative Tushetian Georgian and was likely borrowed as Bats -აჸო̆ (-aʾŏ).[3] Compare the following chains:
- Old Georgian ჭალაკი (č̣alaḳi) (→ Tushetian Georgian ჭალაჸი̆ (č̣alaʾĭ) → Bats ჭალაჸო̆ (č̣alaʾŏ)) → Georgian ჭალა (č̣ala)
- Old Georgian პიტნაკი (ṗiṭnaḳi) (→ Tushetian Georgian პიტნაჸი̆ (ṗiṭnaʾĭ) → Bats პიტნაჸო̆ (ṗiṭnaʾŏ)) → Georgian პიტნა (ṗiṭna)
- Old Georgian კჳრიაკჱ (ḳwiriaḳē) (→ Tushetian Georgian კვირაჸეჲ (ḳviraʾey) → Bats კვირაჸო̆ (ḳviraʾŏ)) → Georgian კვირა (ḳvira)
Suffix
[edit]-აკი • (-aḳi)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Šaniʒe, Aḳaḳi (1971), Kartvelta monasṭeri bulgaretši da misi ṭiṗiḳoni: ṭiṗiḳonis kartuli redakcia [The Georgian monastery in Bulgaria and its typikon: The Georgian edition of the typikon] (Ʒveli kartuli enis ʒeglebi; 13)[1] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Academy Press, § 15, page 138
- ^ Gippert, Jost (1993), Iranica Armeno-Iberica: Studien zu den iranischen Lehnwörtern im Armenischen und Georgischen (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-historische Klasse. Sitzungsberichte; 606. Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Iranistik; 26)[2] (in German), volume I, Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, pages 64–65, 235
- ^ Wichers Schreur, Jesse (2025), Intensive language contact in the Caucasus: The case of Tsova-Tush (Languages of the Caucasus; 5)[3], Berlin: Language Science Press, , page 80, footnote 13
Further reading
[edit]- Marṭirosovi, Aram (1978), “Ḳninobiti saxelebi ʒvel ḳartulši [Nouns with diminutive suffixes in Old Georgian]”, in Iberiul ḳavḳasiuri enatmecniereba[4] (in Georgian), volume 20, Tbilisi, pages 108–120