-il
See also: Appendix:Variations of "il"
Azerbaijani
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]| preceding vowel | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a / i | e / ə / i̇ | o / u | ö / ü | |
| postconsonantal except after L |
-ıl | -il | -ul | -ül |
| after L | -ın | -in | -un | -ün |
| postvocalic | -n | |||
-il
- Passive suffix.[1]
Usage notes
[edit]A notable irregularity is görmək, which takes -ün (instead of expected -ül):
Verbs with monosyllabic vowel-ending stems generally take a y before the suffixes -il, -in, or -iş:
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Şirəliyev, Məmmədağa; Sevortyan, Ervand (1971), “-il”, in Grammatika azerbajdžanskovo jazyka. Fonetika, morfologija i sintaksis. [Grammar of Azerbaijani language. Phonetics, morphology, syntax.], Baku: Elm, pages 106-108
Franco-Provençal
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]-il m
- postpositive form of il
Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-il
Interlingua
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from French -ile, Italian -ile, Portuguese -il, all ultimately from Latin -īle.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]1=nPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
-il
- forms nouns from nouns, denoting a place where animals are kept
Derived terms
[edit]Category Interlingua terms suffixed with -il not found
References
[edit]- Alexander Gode; Hugh E. Blair (1955), Interlingua: A Grammar of the International Language, →ISBN
Maltese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From the syllable -ar in Arabic عَشَر (ʕašar, “ten”). The same alternation between absolute and attributive form is found in most modern dialects of Arabic, though generally with the original consonant r preserved. Cognate with Tunisian Arabic ن (n). Compare North Levantine Arabic تنعش (tnaʕš, “twelve”), attributively تنعشر (tnaʕšar).
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-il
- Used to form the attributive form of cardinal numbers 11 to 19.
- erbatax (“fourteen”) → erbatax-il jum (“fourteen days”)
Usage notes
[edit]- The suffix is spelt with a hyphen for phonetic reasons. It is, namely, apart from a few recent borrowings from English the only case where preconsonantal i in a final syllable is short. Thus, /ɛrbaˈtaːʃɪl/ is rendered as erbatax-il rather than *erbataxil, which latter should be pronounced */ɛrbataˈʃiːl/.
Middle English
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-il
- alternative form of -el (“agentive suffix”)
Northern Sami
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sami *-jēlē.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-il
- Forms adjectives from verbs, indicating an inclination or tendency to perform the verb's action.
Usage notes
[edit]- This suffix triggers the strongest grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Inflection
[edit]| Odd, no gradation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Attributive | -ilis | |
| Nominative | -il | |
| Genitive | -ila | |
| Attributive | -ilis | |
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | -il | -ilat |
| Accusative | -ila | -iliid |
| Genitive | -ila | -iliid |
| Illative | -ilii | -iliidda |
| Locative | -ilis | -iliin |
| Comitative | -iliin | -iliiguin |
| Essive | -ilin | |
Derived terms
[edit]Portuguese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-il m (noun-forming suffix, plural -is)
- indicating a place for holding a specified type of animal
Etymology 2
[edit]Learned borrowing from Latin -īlis.
Suffix
[edit]-il m or f (adjective-forming suffix, plural -is)
- -ile (tending to or capable of)
Usage notes
[edit]- Most adjectives with this suffix are borrowed as a whole word from Latin rather than formed using this suffix in Portuguese.
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “-il”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
- “-il”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026
Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Latin -īlis.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-il m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -iles)
- -ile (indicating relation or pertaining to)
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “-il”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025
Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Turkic *-l. Cognate with Kazakh -іл (-il).
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]| preceding vowel | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a / i | e / i̇ | o / u | ö / ü | |
| postconsonantal except after L |
-ıl | -il | -ul | -ül |
| after L | -ın | -in | -un | -ün |
| postvocalic | -n | |||
-il
- Passive suffix.
Derived terms
[edit]Ulithian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Micronesian *-ni (construct particle).
Suffix
[edit]-il
Volapük
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-il
- Used to form diminutives
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Categories:
- Azerbaijani terms with IPA pronunciation
- Azerbaijani lemmas
- Azerbaijani suffixes
- Franco-Provençal non-lemma forms
- Franco-Provençal pronoun forms
- Indonesian terms borrowed from English
- Indonesian terms derived from English
- Indonesian terms derived from French
- Indonesian terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian suffixes
- id:Organic chemistry
- id:Hydrocarbon chain suffixes
- Interlingua terms borrowed from French
- Interlingua terms derived from French
- Interlingua terms borrowed from Italian
- Interlingua terms derived from Italian
- Interlingua terms borrowed from Portuguese
- Interlingua terms derived from Portuguese
- Interlingua terms derived from Latin
- Interlingua terms with IPA pronunciation
- Interlingua lemmas
- Interlingua suffixes
- Maltese terms inherited from Arabic
- Maltese terms derived from Arabic
- Maltese 1-syllable words
- Maltese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Maltese lemmas
- Maltese suffixes
- Middle English variant lemmas
- Northern Sami terms inherited from Proto-Sami
- Northern Sami terms derived from Proto-Sami
- Northern Sami terms with IPA pronunciation
- Northern Sami 1-syllable words
- Northern Sami lemmas
- Northern Sami suffixes
- Northern Sami adjective-forming suffixes
- Northern Sami odd adjectives
- Northern Sami non-gradating odd adjectives
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese suffixes
- Portuguese noun-forming suffixes
- Portuguese countable suffixes
- Portuguese masculine suffixes
- Portuguese terms borrowed from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese learned borrowings from Latin
- Portuguese adjective-forming suffixes
- Portuguese epicene suffixes
- Portuguese feminine suffixes
- Portuguese suffixes with multiple genders
- Spanish learned borrowings from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Spanish terms borrowed from Latin
- Spanish 1-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/il
- Rhymes:Spanish/il/1 syllable
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish suffixes
- Spanish adjective-forming suffixes
- Spanish epicene suffixes
- Spanish masculine suffixes
- Spanish feminine suffixes
- Spanish suffixes with multiple genders
- Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish suffixes
- Ulithian terms derived from Proto-Micronesian
- Ulithian terms inherited from Proto-Micronesian
- Ulithian lemmas
- Ulithian suffixes
- Volapük lemmas
- Volapük suffixes