-ne
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ne"
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ne
- (informal) Designating acne located on a particular part of the body.
- 2008, Marisa C. Weiss, Isabel Friedman, Taking Care of Your "Girls": A Breast Health Guide for Girls, Teens, and In-Betweens, New York, N.Y.: Three Rivers Press, →ISBN, page 63:
- Yeast infections are different from acne (or "rackne").
- 2012, Heather Rutman, The Girl's Guide to Depravity: How to Get Laid Without Getting Screwed, Philadelphia, P.A.; London: Running Press, →ISBN, page 79:
- It's so refreshing to be with a guy who actually wants to be seen with you in the daytime that you convince yourself you can ignore the busted grille, the acne, backne, and chestne, or the fact that YOU normally wouldn't want to be seen with HIM in the daytime if you weren't so tired/desperate/horny. But resist.
- 2014, Lena Dunham, Not That Kind of Girl: A Young Woman Tells You What She's "Learned", New York, N.Y.: Random House, →ISBN, page 104:
- It's fucking weird. Yes, it's just a job, but most people's jobs don't consist of slamming your vagina against the flaccid, nylon-wrapped penis of a guy wearing massive amounts of foundation to conceal his assne.
- 2016, Robert Wilder, Nickel, Santa Fe, N.N.: Leaf Storm Press, →ISBN, page 250:
- I know this sounds ghey, but he had the sad eyes of someone all the girls once loved before puberty took a huge hairy dump on him. Now he had a big Abomination body, a fivehead, robot jaw, clown feet, and acne. I didn't look, but probably backne and neckne too.
- 2019 March 6, Carolyn Twersky, “Say "See Ya Bye" to Body Acne with These Helpful Tips”, in Seventeen[2], New York, N.Y.: Hearst Digital Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 15 August 2023:
- Bodne tends to be more inflammatory (think: big red bumps or cysts instead of just blackheads), making it challenging for drugstore creams to clear everything up on their own—especially with severe breakouts. Also, your body is a much larger area compared to your face.
- 2022 October 24, Lauren Balsamo, “The Holy Grail Acne Awards: 50 Game-Changing Products, Tools, and Treatments for Clearer Skin”, in Cosmopolitan[3], New York, N.Y.: Hearst Communications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 27 January 2024:
- Upgrade your below-the-chin skincare routine with these zit-zapping favorites. Bacne and bodne, be gone.
Derived terms
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Ahtna
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ne
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- denae (“person”)
References
[edit]- Kari, James (1990), Ahtna Athabaskan Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, page 295
Chuukese
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ne
Danish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse -na, compare Swedish -na.
Suffix
[edit]-ne
- Used with some adjectives to form inchoative verbs meaning "to become [adjective]".
- From adjectives, forms causative verbs meaning "to make [adjective]".
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “-ne” in Den Danske Ordbog
Estonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-inën. Cognate with Finnish -inen.
Suffix
[edit]-ne (genitive -se, partitive -set or -st, comparative -sem, superlative kõige -sem)
- -al, -ic, -ous; creates adjectives from nouns indicating a relationship or property.
- -en; creates adjectives indicating the material of which something is made.
Inflection
[edit]Note that words with suffix -line decline differently.
| Declension of -ne (ÕS type 10/soolane, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -ne | -sed | |
| accusative | nom. | ||
| gen. | -se | ||
| genitive | -ste | ||
| partitive | -st | -seid | |
| illative | -sesse | -stesse -seisse | |
| inessive | -ses | -stes -seis | |
| elative | -sest | -stest -seist | |
| allative | -sele | -stele -seile | |
| adessive | -sel | -stel -seil | |
| ablative | -selt | -stelt -seilt | |
| translative | -seks | -steks -seiks | |
| terminative | -seni | -steni | |
| essive | -sena | -stena | |
| abessive | -seta | -steta | |
| comitative | -sega | -stega | |
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Finnish
[edit]
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-(i)nëk.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ne
- The suffix used to form the comitative case. It denotes companionship and ownership, and is written where English would use "together with (one's possession)".
- Menin ruskeine koirineni.
- I went together with my brown dog.
- Tiibet on mielenkiintoinen maa suurine vuorineen.
- Tibet is a fascinating land, together with its great mountains.
Usage notes
[edit]- Relatively rare in spoken Finnish. The idea of comitative is more often expressed with other structures, particularly the postposition kanssa (“together with”).
- Grammatically comitative is always plural, even if used of a singular object.
- In nouns the suffix -ne is appended with the appropriate possessive suffix. In Wiktionary the declension tables of Finnish nouns show the comitative with the 3rd person suffix -en to form -neen.
- See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the comitative case is used.
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ne (colloquial, dialectal)
Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ne
- Forms diminutives.
Alternative forms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ne
- (conditional suffix) Forms the third-person singular present tense of verbs (conditional mood, indefinite conjugation).
Usage notes
[edit] Conditional indefinite – personal endings
| Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| én | 1st person singular | -nék | ||
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anék | -enék | ||
| te | 2nd person singular | -nál | -nél | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anál | -enél | ||
| ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | -na | -ne | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-ana | -ene | ||
| mi | 1st person plural | -nánk | -nénk | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anánk | -enénk | ||
| ti | 2nd person plural | -nátok | -nétek | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anátok | -enétek | ||
| ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -nának | -nének | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anának | -enének | ||
| See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. | ||||
- (conditional suffix) Variants:
See also
[edit]Irish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ne
- emphatic suffix of the first-person plural; used after palatalized consonants and front vowels
Usage notes
[edit]Spelled with a hyphen after n, otherwise without a hyphen (but reduced to -e and spelled without a hyphen after -nn in pronouns).
- Added to nouns (or adjectives modifying a noun) in the presence of the possessive adjective to emphasize the possessor rather than the thing possessed:
- ár n-athairne ― our father
- ár gcapall donn-na ― our brown horse
- Added to pronouns (both simple and prepositional) to add emphasis (not to create a reflexive pronoun):
- againne ― at us
- sinne, muidne ― we, us
- Added to synthetic verb forms to add emphasis to the subject:
- cloisfimidne ― we will hear
- chualamarna ― we heard
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]| person | after a broad consonant |
after a slender consonant | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | first | -sa | -se | |
| second | ||||
| third | m | -san | -sean | |
| f | -sa | -se | ||
| plural | first | -na | -ne -e (after nn in pronouns) | |
| second | -sa | -se | ||
| third | -san | -sean | ||
Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor; to verbs, predicate adjectives, and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject; and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object.
Italian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Enclitic form of ne.
Pronoun
[edit]-ne (enclitic)
- alternative form of ne:
- (adverbial) from there; of there, sometimes not translated in English
- Una volta entrato nel labirinto, non riuscì più ad uscirne.
- Once he entered the labyrinth, he couldn't get out of there.
- Arrivò a Roma, solo per ripartirne l'indomani.
- She arrived at Rome, just to leave the following day.
- (literally, “She arrived at Rome, just to leave from there the tomorrow.”)
- from this; from that; from these; from those, sometimes not translated in English
- Con un po' di fortuna, potrebbe venirne un bel guadagno.
- With a little luck, it could make a good profit.
- (literally, “With a bit of luck, could come from that a nice profit.”)
- Traine la conclusione che preferisci.
- Make of that whatever you want.
- (literally, “Take from that the conclusion you prefer.”)
- about this; about that; about these; about those
- Spero vorrai parlarne con qualcuno.
- I hope you're going to talk to someone about that.
- (literally, “I hope you will want to talk about that with someone.”)
- Credo ti convenga abituarti a sentirne parlare.
- I think you'd better get used to hearing about that.
- (literally, “I believe to you ought to accustom yourself to hearing about that talk.”)
- 1350s, anonymous author, “Prologo e primo capitolo dove se demostra le rascione per le quale questa opera fatta fu [Preface and first chapter wherein the reason for which this work was made is shown]”, in Cronica [Chronicle][4]; republished as Giuseppe Porta, editor, Anonimo romano - Cronica, Adelphi, 1979, →ISBN:
- Responne Tito Livio e dice: «Questo faccio per ponere requie allo animo mio». Quasi dica: «Lo animo mio ène stimolato de scrivere questa materia. Voglione toccare. Puoi me se posa consolato lo mio animo». (Romanesco)
- Livy replies to this by saying: "I do this in order to give my soul peace"; almost as if saying: "My soul is stimulated to write about this subject: I want to touch on it. Afterwards, my comforted soul can calm down."
- of this; of that; of these; of those, sometimes not translated in English
- La torta era squisita. Posso averne un'altra fetta?
- The cake was delicious. May I have another slice?
- (literally, “The cake was delicious. Can I have of that another slice?”)
- È successo tre giorni fa! Come fai a non ricordartene?
- It happened three days ago! How can you not remember that?
- (literally, “It happened three days ago! How do you do to not remember of that?”)
- Vuoi un po' di mele? Eccotene una dozzina.
- Would you like some apples? Here's a dozen for you.
- (literally, “Do you want a few of apples? Here to you of them a dozen.”)
- for this; for that; for these; for those, sometimes not translated in English
- Continuo a non capirne la ragione.
- I still don't get the reason for that.
- (literally, “I keep to not understand for that the reason.”)
- Ha detto di non averne bisogno.
- She said she didn't need that.
- (literally, “She said of not have for that need.”)
- intensive particle, used in forms of verbs where it indicates a particular way of carrying out the verb's action
- andare (“to go”) + -si (enclitic reflexive pronoun) + -ne → andarsene (“to go about (in a particular way)”)
- venire (“to come”) + -si (enclitic reflexive pronoun) + -ne → venirsene (“to come about (in a particular way)”)
- uscire (“to go out; to come out”) + -si (enclitic reflexive pronoun) + -ne → uscirsene (“to say surprisingly or unexpectedly”) (familiar)
- only used in volerne (“to hold a grudge”)
- only used in andarne (“to be at stake”)
- (adverbial) from there; of there, sometimes not translated in English
Usage notes
[edit]-
- Sono di Genova; ne sono venuto stamattina.
- I am from Genoa; I came from there this morning.
- The enclitic is suffixed either to certain verb forms Iinfinitive or imperative) or to ecco.
- It can be suffixed to infinitive verb forms. In this case, the final -e of the verb is dropped:
- If the infinitive form ends in -arre, final -re is dropped:
- If the infinitive form includes an enclitic personal pronoun, -ne is appended after that. In that case, the -i ending of the personal pronoun changes to -e:
- approfittarsi + -ne → approfittarsene
- farsi + -ne → farsene
- It can also be suffixed to imperative verb forms:
- prendi + -ne → prendine
- prendete + -ne → prendetene
- If the imperative form includes an enclitic personal pronoun, -ne is appended after that. In that case, the -i ending of the personal pronoun changes to -e:
- prenditi + -ne → prenditene
- prendetevi + -ne → prendetevene
- If ecco has an enclitic personal pronoun suffixed (eccomi, eccoti, eccoci, eccovi), -ne is appended after that. In that case, the -i ending of the personal pronoun changes to -e:
- If the personal pronoun in question is -gli, an -e- is inserted between the pronoun and -ne:
- eccogli + -ne → eccogliene
- If the personal pronoun in question is -gli, an -e- is inserted between the pronoun and -ne:
- It can be suffixed to infinitive verb forms. In this case, the final -e of the verb is dropped:
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
[edit]-ne
- (obsolete, chiefly poetry, now only dialectal) an epithetic syllable appended to oxytone words in order to make them paroxytone
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- ne1 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
- -ne in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Latin
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Probably from Proto-Indo-European *ne (“not”).[1][2] See also nē (“not”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [nɛ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ne]
Particle
[edit]-ne (interrogative enclitic)[3]
- Added to the end of a word (usually the first word in a phrase) in a polar question.
- (whether) … or … (introduces the first of multiple alternatives in a direct or indirect question, followed by an before the second or following alternative)
- c. 206 BCE – 188 BCE, Plautus, Mercator 3.4.46–48:
- Quid tu faceres? Men rogas? Requireres,
rogitares quis esset aut unde esset, qua prosapia,
civisne esset an peregrinus.- 2011 translation by Wolfgang de Melo
- What should you have done? You’re asking me? You should have inquired and asked who he was or where he was from, from what family, and whether he was a citizen or a foreigner.
- 2011 translation by Wolfgang de Melo
- Quid tu faceres? Men rogas? Requireres,
- (rare) Added to the end of an interrogative pronoun or adverb in a non-polar question.
- c. 35 BCE, Horace, Satires (book 2) 2.107:
- uterne / ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius?
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- uterne / ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius?
- c. 35 BCE, Horace, Satires (book 2) 3.251:
- si puerilius his ratio esse evincet amare
nec quicquam differre, utrumne in pulvere, trimus
quale prius, ludas opus, an meretricis amore
sollicitus plores- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- si puerilius his ratio esse evincet amare
- c. 35 BCE, Horace, Satires (book 2) 3.295:
- quone malo mentem concussa?
- 1926 translation by H. Rushton Fairclough
- What is the malady that has stricken her mind?
- 1926 translation by H. Rushton Fairclough
- quone malo mentem concussa?
Usage notes
[edit]- When used as an interrogative enclitic, -ne is usually found in polar (yes-no) questions, attached to the end of the emphatic word:
- Is tibi mortemne vidētur aut dolōrem timēre?
- Does it seem to you to be death that he fears or pain?
- Hīcine vir usquam nisi in patriā moriētur?
- Shall this man die anywhere but in his native land?
- Tūne id veritus es?
- Did you fear that?
- The use of -ne in polar questions is not mandatory: it can be omitted.
- Patēre tua cōnsilia nōn sentīs?
- Do you not see that your schemes are manifest?
- When -ne is added to a negative word (such as nōnne) an affirmative answer is expected.
- Nōnne animadvertis?
- Aren't you paying attention?
- There are a few rare examples of -ne being attached to the wh-word of a wh-question; e.g. quālīne amīcō in Plautus.[4][5]
- The enclitic -ne is also used in combination with the particle an (“or”) to present a list of alternatives. In one pattern, -ne is attached to the first alternative and an is placed before the second. Alternatively, utrum may be used before the first alternative: in this case, -ne may be absent, or it may be attached to utrum (combining with it to form utrumne, as in "utrumne tuum virum malis an illius"), or it may be attached to the end of the first alternative (as in "utrum tu masne an femina es", "utrum illudne an tuum malis").[6]
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 530, 546
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “-ne”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 403
- ^ “-nĕ”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ^ Harm Pinkster (2015), The Oxford Latin Syntax, volume 1. The Simple Clause, page 337
- ^ Dunbabin, R. L. (1917), “Notes on Latin Poets”, in The Classical Quarterly, volume 11, page 138
- ^ Harm Pinkster (2015), The Oxford Latin Syntax, volume 1. The Simple Clause, pages 339-340
Latvian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ne
- A variant of -tne; added to adjectives or verbs to form abstract nouns.
Derived terms
[edit]Nez Perce
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ne (accusative case suffix)
- Forms the accusative case for words containing only recessive vowels.
Old English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ne
- Forms the strong masculine accusative singular of adjectives
Old Irish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Celtic *-inyos.[1][2] Cognate with Proto-Brythonic *-ɨnn, *-enn.
Suffix
[edit]-ne
- Forms singulatives of certain plural nouns.
- Forms abstract derivatives of certain nouns.
Usage notes
[edit]This suffix appears to only have been weakly productive. There are several instances of singulatives suffixed with -ne that are additionally prefixed with óen (“one”), which suggests that -ne was sometimes considered insufficient to denote singulativity by itself.[1] Beyond Old and Middle Irish the suffix is only found in fossilized forms.
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Irslinger, Britta (2010), “Les dérivés gallois, cornique -yn/-en, breton -enn et irlandais -ne: fonction et sémantique”, in La Bretagne Linguistique[1], pages 57-58
- ^ Peter C. H. Schrijver (1995), Studies in British Celtic Historical Phonology (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam; Atlanta, Ga.: Rodopi, page 260.
Scottish Gaelic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ne
- -selves (emphatic)
Usage notes
[edit]- Added to nouns in the presence of the possessive adjective to emphasize the possessor rather than the thing possessed (NB: Ignores broad/slender rule):
- Added to prepositional pronouns to add emphasis (not to create a reflexive pronoun):
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Swedish
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ne
- (archaic) Marker of definiteness on masculine nouns in the plural
Usage notes
[edit]- The difference between -ne and -na is that the former was used for masculine nouns, while the latter was used for feminine, a category lost in modern Swedish, which has merged the two genders into the so-called common gender. Thus, the definite of stenar would be "stenarne", while the definite of kvinna would be "kvinnorna", the same as the modern form.
Anagrams
[edit]Taos
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ne
- Duoplural number inflection. On nouns in gender III.6, it indicates either collective number or singular noncount (mass) and has corresponding singular agreement marking on verb-forms. (See also: -na, -ną, -nemą.)
Ye'kwana
[edit]| ALIV | -ne |
|---|---|
| Brazilian standard | -ne |
| New Tribes | -ne |
Alternative forms
[edit]- -ñe (allomorph after i)
Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ne
- forms the singular of the distant past perfective tense when at least one of the arguments of the verb is not third-person
- (in conjunction with other suffixes) marks the distant past tense in general when at least one of the arguments of the verb is not third-person
Usage notes
[edit]This suffix can cause syllable reduction.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ne
- intensifier used especially in contexts of indignation or exasperation
Usage notes
[edit]This suffix causes any vowel it attaches to to lengthen.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]Categories:
- English clippings
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- English lemmas
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- Ahtna lemmas
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- Chuukese lemmas
- Chuukese suffixes
- Danish terms derived from Old Norse
- Danish lemmas
- Danish suffixes
- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian suffixes
- Estonian adjective-forming suffixes
- Estonian soolane-type nominals
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- it:Poetry
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- Nez Perce suffixes
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- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
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- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish lemmas
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- Ye'kwana lemmas
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