-sa

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sa"

Irish

Alternative forms

• -se (used after palatalized consonants and front vowels)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sˠə/

Suffix

-sa

1. emphatic suffix of the following persons; used after velarized consonants and back vowels:
   1. first-person singular
   2. second-person singular
   3. third-person singular feminine
   4. second-person plural

Usage notes

Spelled with a hyphen after -s, otherwise without a hyphen.

• Added to nouns (or adjectives modifying a noun) in the presence of the possessive adjective to emphasize the possessor rather than the thing possessed:

  mo chos-sa ― my foot

  do charr deargsa ― your sg red car

• Added to pronouns (both simple and prepositional) to add emphasis (not to create a reflexive pronoun):

  aistise ― out of her

  sibhse ― you pl

• Added to synthetic verb forms to add emphasis to the subject:

  cloisimse ― I hear

  chloisteása ― you sg used to hear

  chualabhairse ― you pl heard

Derived terms

► Irish words suffixed with -sa

Related terms

• -ne
• -se

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Japanese

Romanization

-sa

1. Rōmaji transcription of さ

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Latin

Suffix

-sa

1. nominative feminine singular of -sus
2. nominative neuter plural of -sus
3. accusative neuter plural of -sus
4. vocative feminine singular of -sus
5. vocative neuter plural of -sus

Suffix

-sā

1. ablative feminine singular of -sus

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Old Irish

Alternative forms

• -se (slender form)

Suffix

-sa

1. emphatic first-person singular suffix
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14c23

     co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiu

     so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with [my] lips and what I might think with [my] heart might be different

   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 16d8

     Bíuu-sa oc irbáig dar far cenn-si fri Maccidóndu.

     I (emphatic) am boasting about you to the Macedonians.

   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 20c25

     Níta chumme-se friusom.

     I (emphatic) am not like them (emphatic).

See also

Old Irish emphatic suffixes

Person	Emphatic suffixes
1 sg.	-se, -sa
2 sg.	-siu, -so, -su
3 sg. m.n.	-som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam
3 sg. f.	-si
1 pl.	-ni, -nai, -sni
2 pl.	-si
3 pl.	-som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam
Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor; to verbs, predicate adjectives, and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject; and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object.

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Quechua

Suffix

-sa

1. Alternative spelling of -chka

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Scottish Gaelic

Alternative forms

• -se (slender form)

Suffix

-sa

1. -self (emphatic)

Usage notes

• Added to prepositional pronouns (ending in a broad consonant) to add emphasis (not to create a reflexive pronoun):
  • Used in first-person singular: (e.g., agamsa).
  • Used in second-person singular: (e.g., ortsa).

Derived terms

► Scottish Gaelic words suffixed with -sa

See also

• -ne
• -san

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Somali

Suffix

-sa

1. Usually placed at the end of verbs containing questions

   maxa samay-sa? - what do you do?