-telen
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Hungarian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From the Proto-Uralic *-tt (privative suffix) + *-l (nominal suffix), then in the Ancient Hungarian era the -n (adverbial suffix) was added.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Suffix[edit]
-telen (comparative -telenebb, superlative leg- -telenebb)
- (adjective suffix) -less, un-, dis-. A privative suffix added to a noun or an adjective to form adjectives with a meaning of lacking something.
Usage notes[edit]
- (adjective suffix) Harmonic variants:
- -talan is added to back-vowel nouns (occasionally adjectives)
- -telen is added to front-vowel nouns (occasionally adjectives)
- -tlan is added to back-vowel nouns (occasionally adjectives) ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-.
- -tlen is added to front-vowel nouns (occasionally adjectives) ending in a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -atlan is added to back-vowel verbs and nouns (occasionally adjectives)
- -etlen is added to front-vowel verbs and nouns (occasionally adjectives)
- Using two different suffix variants with the same stem may result in different meanings:
Declension[edit]
| Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | -telen | -telenek |
| accusative | -telent | -teleneket |
| dative | -telennek | -teleneknek |
| instrumental | -telennel | -telenekkel |
| causal-final | -telenért | -telenekért |
| translative | -telenné | -telenekké |
| terminative | -telenig | -telenekig |
| essive-formal | -telenként | -telenekként |
| essive-modal | -telenül | -telenekül |
| inessive | -telenben | -telenekben |
| superessive | -telenen | -teleneken |
| adessive | -telennél | -teleneknél |
| illative | -telenbe | -telenekbe |
| sublative | -telenre | -telenekre |
| allative | -telenhez | -telenekhez |
| elative | -telenből | -telenekből |
| delative | -telenről | -telenekről |
| ablative | -telentől | -telenektől |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
-telené | -teleneké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
-telenéi | -telenekéi |
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ -telen in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)