-tion

See also: tion

English

Etymology

From Middle English -cioun, Borrowing from Old French -tion, -cion, borrowed from the stem of Latin -tiō. The Middle English -cioun became -tion in Modern English under the influence of the Middle French -tion and original Latin spellings.

Alternative forms

• -ion (as in complexion)
• -sion
• ⠰⠝

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃən/
• IPA^(key): /tʃən/

Suffix

-tion

1. (non-productive) Used to form nouns meaning "the action of (a verb)" or "the result of (a verb)". Words ending in this suffix are almost always derived from a similar Latin word; a few (eg gumption) are not derived from Latin and are unrelated to any verb.

   termination (terminate)

   deletion (delete)

   ignition (ignite)

   motion (move)

   resolution (resolve)

   derivation (derive)

   action (act)

   justification (justify)

   junction (join)

   connection (connect); also, especially formerly, connexion

   gumption (no related verb)

   communication (communicate)

Derived terms

► English words suffixed with -tion

Related terms

• -ation
• -isation/-ization

See also

• -al
• -ing
• -ure

Translations

producing a noun meaning the action or effect of a verb

• Armenian: -ություն ‎(-utʿyun), -ցիոնիզմ ‎(-cʿionizm)
• Catalan: -ció f (always forms a feminine noun)
• Dutch: -ing (nl) (Germanic), -tie (nl) (Romanic)
• Esperanto: -ado
• French: -tion (fr)
• Galician: -ción f
• German: -ung (de) (Germanic), -tion (Romanic)
• Hebrew: -ציה f ‎(tsia)
• Italian: -zione (unless previous letter was "s", when "t" remains as is, like in "digestione", "questione", etc.)
• Japanese: -化 ‎(-か, -ka)
• Khmer: ការ (km) ‎(kaa)
• Latin: -tiō f
• Lithuanian: -cija f
• Malay: -si, -syen, -sen, peng--an, per--an

• Norwegian: -sjon (no) m
• Occitan: -cion f
• Polish: -cja f
• Portuguese: -ção (pt) (unless previous letter was "s", when "t" remains as is, like in "digestão", "questão", etc.)
• Romanian: -ție, -țiune (unless previous letter was "s", when "t" remains as is, like in "digestie", "chestiune", etc.), -ciune
• Romansch: -ziun m, -schun m
• Russian: -ция ‎(-cija)
• Slovene: -cija
• Spanish: -ción (es) (unless previous letter was "s", when "t" remains as is, like in "digestión", "cuestión", etc.)
• Swedish: -tion (sv) c, -ing (sv) c
• Tagalog: -siyon (used for borrowed words, like in edukasiyon, etc.)
• Thai: การ (th) ‎(kaan), ความ (th) ‎(kwaam)
• Yiddish: ־ונג (yi) f ‎(-ung)

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French

Alternative forms

• -ation

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsjɔ̃/
• IPA^(key): /ˈtjɔ̃/ (if previous letter is "s", as in "digestion", "question", "combustion", etc. (always stressed on the last syllable))

Etymology

Borrowed as a learned form from Latin suffix Latin -tiōne or -tiōnem, ending of the singular ablative or accusative of those nouns ending with -tiō (part of the Latin third declension). The original inherited form of the suffix, -on/-son (or -aison from -ātionem), is today less common but can be found in words such as raison, saison, chanson, venaison, oraison, garnison, etc.

Suffix

-tion

1. Used to indicate action, condition, result or effect, similar to the English suffix.

Derived terms

► French words suffixed with -tion

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German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tsjoːn/

Suffix

-tion f ‎(genitive -tion, plural -tionen)

1. -tion

Derived terms

• Aktion
• Kommunikation

Related terms

• -ion

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Swedish

Suffix

-tion

1. -tion; making nouns. See also -else, -ing and -ning.

Derived terms

► Swedish words suffixed with -tion