-tion

See also: tion

English

Alternative forms

• -ion (as in complexion)
• -sion
• ⠰⠝

Etymology

From Middle English -cioun, borrowing from Old French -tion, -cion, borrowed from the stem of Latin -tiō. The Middle English -cioun became -tion in Modern English under the influence of the Middle French -tion and original Latin spellings.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-ʃən/

Suffix

-tion

1. (non-productive) Used to form nouns meaning "the action of (a verb)" or "the result of (a verb)". Words ending in this suffix are almost always derived from a similar Latin word; a few (eg. gumption) are not derived from Latin and are unrelated to any verb.

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Derived terms

► English words suffixed with -tion

Related terms

• -ion
• -ation
• -isation/-ization

Translations

producing a noun meaning the action or effect of a verb

• Armenian: -ություն (-utʿyun)
• Catalan: -ció (ca) f (always forms a feminine noun)
• Danish: -tion c
• Dutch: -ing (nl) (Germanic), -tie (nl) (Romanic)
• Esperanto: -ado
• Faroese: -sjón f
• Finnish: -minen, -tio
• French: -tion (fr)
• Galician: -ción f
• German: -ung (de) f (Germanic), -tion (de) f (Latin; Romanic)
• Hebrew: -ציה‎‎ f (tsia)
• Italian: -zione (unless previous letter was "s", when "t" remains as is, like in "digestione", "questione", etc.)
• Japanese: -化 (-か, -ka)
• Khmer: ការ (km) (kaa)
• Latin: -tiō f
• Lithuanian: -cija f

• Malay: -si, -syen, -sen, peng--an, per--an
• Norwegian: -sjon (no) m
• Occitan: -cion f
• Polish: -cja f
• Portuguese: -ção (pt) (unless previous letter was "s", when "t" remains as is, like in "digestão", "questão", etc.)
• Romanian: -ție, -țiune (unless previous letter was "s", when "t" remains as is, like in "digestie", "chestiune", etc.), -ciune
• Romansch: -ziun m, -schun m
• Russian: -ция (-cija)
• Slovak: -cia f
• Slovene: -cija
• Spanish: -ción (es) (unless previous letter was "s", when "t" remains as is, like in "digestión", "cuestión", etc.)
• Swedish: -tion (sv) c, -ing (sv) c
• Tagalog: -siyon (used for borrowed words, like in edukasiyon, etc.)
• Thai: การ (th) (gaan), ความ (th) (kwaam)
• Ukrainian: -ння (-nnja), -ція (-cija)
• Yiddish: ־ונג‎‎ (yi) f (-ung)

See also

• -al
• -ing
• -ure

Anagrams

• INTO, Toni, into, noit, oint, on it

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Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [-ˈɕoˀːn]

Suffix

-tion

1. -tion; making nouns.

Derived terms

► Danish words suffixed with -tion

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French

Alternative forms

• -ation

Etymology

Borrowed as a learned form from Latin suffix Latin -tiōne or -tiōnem, ending of the singular ablative or accusative of those nouns ending with -tiō (part of the Latin third declension). The original inherited form of the suffix, -on/-son (or -aison from -ātionem), is today less common but can be found in words such as raison, saison, chanson, venaison, oraison, garnison, etc.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sjɔ̃/
• IPA^(key): /tjɔ̃/ (if previous letter is "s", as in "digestion", "question", "combustion", etc.)

Suffix

-tion

1. Used to indicate action, condition, result or effect, similar to the English suffix.

Derived terms

► French words suffixed with -tion

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German

Alternative forms

• -ation (different (surface) analysis)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-ˈtsi̯oːn/, [-ˈt͡sjoːn], [-t͡siˈoːn]
• The pronunciation with a syllabic [i] is virtually obsolete, thus one may simply transcribe /-ˈtsjoːn/.

Suffix

-tion f (genitive -tion, plural -tionen)

1. -tion

Derived terms

• Aktion

Related terms

• -ion
• Kommunikation

Further reading

• -tion in Duden online, -tion in Duden online, -tion in Duden online (doesn't have -ion, -ition)
• “-ation” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache (doesn't have -tion, -ion, -ition)
• canoo.net: Noun derivation: Foreign suffixes (does have -ation, -ition and doesn't have -ion, -tion)

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Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-ˈɧuːn/

Suffix

-tion

1. -tion; making nouns. See also -else, -ing and -ning.

Derived terms

► Swedish words suffixed with -tion