自由

Chinese

		from; self; oneself from; self; oneself; since	follow; from; it is for...to follow; from; it is for...to; reason; cause; because of; due to; by; to; to leave it (to sb)
simp. and trad. (自由)		自	由

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zìyóu

  (Zhuyin): ㄗˋ ㄧㄡˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zi⁶ jau⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ-yù
• Eastern Min (BUC): cê̤ṳ-iù
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chū-iû
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶zy-yeu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zìyóu
    • Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄧㄡˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zìhyóu
    • Wade–Giles: tzŭ⁴-yu²
    • Yale: dz̀-yóu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhyou
    • Palladius: цзыю (czyju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zi⁶ jau⁴
    • Yale: jih yàuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi⁶ jau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji⁶ yeo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː²² jɐu̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ-yù
    • Hakka Romanization System: cii iuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ci⁴ yiu²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ i̯u¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ-yù
    • Hakka Romanization System: cii (r)iuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ci⁴ yiu²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ⁵⁵ (j)i̯u¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cê̤ṳ-iù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sy²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ieu⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chū-iû
    • Tâi-lô: tsū-iû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zuxiuu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su²²⁻²¹ iu²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡su⁴¹⁻²² iu²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡su²²⁻²¹ iu¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡su³³⁻¹¹ iu²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su³³⁻²¹ iu²³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶zy-yeu
    • MiniDict: zy^去 yeu
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zr-hhieu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zz̩²² ɦiɤ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: dzijH yuw

Rime
Character	自	由
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	疾二切	以周切
Baxter	dzijH	yuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ziɪH/	/jɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ziH/	/jiu/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zjɪH/	/iəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ziH/	/juw/
Li Rong	/d͡ziH/	/iu/
Wang Li	/d͡ziH/	/jĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱiH/	/i̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zì	yóu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi6	jau4

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 自由

1. freedom, liberty

   • 但有一個夢，不會死，記著吧！無論雨怎麼打，自由仍是會開花！ [MSC, trad.]
     但有一个梦，不会死，记着吧！无论雨怎么打，自由仍是会开花！ [MSC, simp.]

     Dàn yǒu yīge mèng, bùhuì sǐ, jìzhe ba! Wúlùn yǔ zěnme dǎ, zìyóu réng shì huì kāihuā! [Pinyin]

     But there is a dream [which] does not die, remember it! No matter how [heavy] the rain is, freedom will still blossom!

Adjective

(deprecated template usage) 自由

1. free, unconstrained

   自由發表意見／自由发表意见  ―  zìyóu fābiǎo yìjiàn  ―  express one's views unreservedly

Derived terms

• 言論自由／言论自由 (yánlùn zìyóu)
• 自由市場／自由市场 (zìyóu shìchǎng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (自由):

• → Japanese: 自由(じゆう) (jiyū)
• → Korean: 자유(自由) (jayu)
• → Vietnamese: tự do (自由)

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
自	由
じ Grade: 2	ゆう Grade: 3
on’yomi

Etymology

Apparently first imported from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese compound (deprecated template usage) 自由 (*d͡ʑi *iou) with an original meaning of roughly arising from oneself. Repurposed in the 1860s by Fukuzawa Yukichi as a translation of the (deprecated template usage) [etyl] English (deprecated template usage) freedom or (deprecated template usage) liberty, as an extension of the original meaning: freedom to act according to one's own thoughts, without restriction.

Adjective

自(じ)由(ゆう) • (jiyū) ^{←じいう (ziiu)?}-na (adnominal 自(じ)由(ゆう)な (jiyū na), adverbial 自(じ)由(ゆう)に (jiyū ni))

1. free (as in freedom)
2. flexible

Inflection

Inflection of 自由

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	自由だろ	じゆうだろ	jiyū daro
Continuative (連用形)	自由で	じゆうで	jiyū de
Terminal (終止形)	自由だ	じゆうだ	jiyū da
Attributive (連体形)	自由な	じゆうな	jiyū na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	自由なら	じゆうなら	jiyū nara
Imperative (命令形)	自由であれ	じゆうであれ	jiyū de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	自由ではない 自由じゃない	じゆうではない じゆうじゃない	jiyū de wa nai jiyū ja nai
Informal past	自由だった	じゆうだった	jiyū datta
Informal negative past	自由ではなかった 自由じゃなかった	じゆうではなかった じゆうじゃなかった	jiyū de wa nakatta jiyū ja nakatta
Formal	自由です	じゆうです	jiyū desu
Formal negative	自由ではありません 自由じゃありません	じゆうではありません じゆうじゃありません	jiyū de wa arimasen jiyū ja arimasen
Formal past	自由でした	じゆうでした	jiyū deshita
Formal negative past	自由ではありませんでした 自由じゃありませんでした	じゆうではありませんでした じゆうじゃありませんでした	jiyū de wa arimasen deshita jiyū ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	自由で	じゆうで	jiyū de
Conditional	自由なら（ば）	じゆうなら（ば）	jiyū nara (ba)
Provisional	自由だったら	じゆうだったら	jiyū dattara
Volitional	自由だろう	じゆうだろう	jiyū darō
Adverbial	自由に	じゆうに	jiyū ni
Degree	自由さ	じゆうさ	jiyūsa

Noun

自(じ)由(ゆう) • (jiyū) ^{←じいう (ziiu)?}

1. freedom, liberty

   自由(じゆう)のために戦(たたか)う。

   Jiyū no tame ni tatakau.

   We will fight for freedom.

2. demand (for goods or services)
3. (deprecated template usage) (euphemistic) a toilet, a restroom

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 自由度(じゆうど) (jiyūdo): flexibility, degree of freedom

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
• Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
• 2002, Yasuo Kitahara, 明鏡国語辞典 (Meikyō Kokugo Jiten), First Edition (in Japanese), Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja in this term
自	由

Noun

自由 • (jayu) (hangeul 자유)

1. Hanja form^? of 자유 (“freedom, liberty”).

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Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
自	由

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 自由

1. Template:han tu form of