Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷelh₁-: difference between revisions

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** {{desc|itc-pro|*kʷolsom}}
** {{desc|itc-pro|*kʷolsom}}
*** {{desc|la|collum}} {{see desc}}
*** {{desc|la|collum}} {{see desc}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*kʷl-e-mé}}
** {{desc|sqj-pro|*klema/e}}
*** {{desc|sq|qemë|t=(we) were}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*kʷl-e-nd}}<ref>{{R:sq:Orel|jam (aor:qenë)|156|IE}}</ref>
** {{desc|sqj-pro|*klend}}
*** {{desc|sq|qenë}}
*** {{desc|sq|kênë}} (“Gheg”)
* {{l|ine-pro||*kʷl̥-tó-s}}
* {{l|ine-pro||*kʷl̥-tó-s}}
** {{desc|itc-pro|*kʷoltos}}
** {{desc|itc-pro|*kʷoltos}}

Revision as of 19:16, 19 April 2023

 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*kʷelh₁-

  1. to turn (end-over-end)
  2. to revolve around, and therefore to sojourn, to dwell

Reconstruction notes

The root is sometimes reconstructed with -h₁- in order to explain some forms in Greek, including:

This reconstruction, however, contradicts some forms in other languages, e.g.:

  • Proto-Italic *kʷl̥-tó-s (past participle) > Latin cultus (not **clātus < **kʷl̥h₁-tós)

Alternative reconstructions

Derived terms

Template:PIE root see

  • *kʷél-e-ti (root present)
    • Proto-Albanian: *tšela
      • Albanian: sjell
    • Proto-Hellenic: *kʷélō
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čálHati (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *kʷelō
      • Latin: colō (see there for further descendants)
  • *kʷél-ye-ti
  • *kʷél-u-s
  • *kʷel-u-
    • Proto-Celtic: *kʷolu- (“wheel”)
      • Middle Irish: cul
  • *kʷel-o-m
  • *kʷól-o-s
  • *kʷl̥H-í-s
  • *kʷé-kʷl-o-s (reduplicated noun)
  • *kʷél-os ~ *kʷél-es-os
  • *kʷel-es-ye-ti
  • *kʷól-os ~ *kʷól-es-os
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kalas
      • Proto-Slavic: *kolo (see there for further descendants)
  • *kʷol-so-
    • Proto-Germanic: *halsaz (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *kʷolsom
      • Latin: collum (see there for further descendants)
  • *kʷl-e-mé
  • *kʷl-e-nd[3]
  • *kʷl̥-tó-s
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Hellenic:
    • Indo-Iranian:
      • Indo-Aryan:
    • Italic:
    • Proto-Tocharian: *käl-[4]
    • Proto-Tocharian:
      • Tocharian B: klutk-
      • (possibly) → Proto-Uralic: *kulke- (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kela-
      • Proto-Slavic: *čeľadь (“household, servants”) (see there for further descendants)
      • (possibly) Proto-Slavic: *čelověkъ (“human”) (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “ku̯elh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 386
  2. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kele”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 211
  3. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “jam (aor:qenë)”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 156: “IE”
  4. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “käl-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 179-181
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