人: difference between revisions

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Content deleted Content added
→‎Definitions: label (using AjaxEdit)
m Removed deprecated yomi/y parameters from {{ja-pron}} (automated task)
Line 212: Line 212:


====Pronunciation====
====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|ひと|acc=0|dev=1|y=k|acc_ref=NHK,SMK5,DJR}}
{{ja-pron|ひと|acc=0|dev=1|acc_ref=NHK,SMK5,DJR}}


====Noun====
====Noun====
Line 293: Line 293:


====Pronunciation====
====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|yomi=goon|にん|acc=1}}
{{ja-pron|にん|acc=1}}


====Noun====
====Noun====
Line 342: Line 342:


====Pronunciation====
====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|yomi=kanon|じん}}
{{ja-pron|じん}}


====Suffix====
====Suffix====

Revision as of 15:06, 29 May 2023

See also: [U+5165 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5165], 𠆢 [U+201A2 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-201A2], [U+3145 HANGUL LETTER SIOS], and [U+4EBB CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EBB]

U+4EBA, 人
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EBA

[U+4EB9]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4EBB]
U+2F08, ⼈
KANGXI RADICAL MAN

[U+2F07]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F09]

Translingual

Stroke order
2 strokes
Stroke order

Alternative forms

  • (when used as a left radical)
  • 𠂉 (when used as an upper radical)

Han character

(Kangxi radical 9, +0, 2 strokes, cangjie input (O), four-corner 80000, composition 丿)

  1. Kangxi radical #9, .

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 91, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 344
  • Dae Jaweon: page 190, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 101, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+4EBA

Chinese

Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Hanjian (compiled in Song) Guwen Sishengyun (compiled in Song) Jizhuan Guwen Yunhai (compiled in Song) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing) Tang Stone Classics Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Odd character Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script Regular script Ming typeface



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Pictogram (象形) – side view of a standing man, highlighting the arms and legs. Compare .

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
alternative forms
component
𠆢 component
component
component
𠂉 component
component
𠆢 component
component
component
𠂉 component

𠔽
𤯔
𦉫
Northern Wu
 

Sagart (1999) relates it to Tibetan ཉེན (nyen, relative), from ཉེ (nye, near) + nominalizing suffix -n; if so, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-naːj ~ s-nej (near).

Schuessler (2007) proposes two etymologies:

Pronunciation

Lua error in Module:wuu-pron at line 210: Invalid syllable: 3nyin,3zen. Wugniu expected, but another romanisation is supplied.

Definitions

Template:zh-hanzi-lite

  1. man; person; people (Classifier: m c;  h)
      ―  rénlèi  ―  humans
      ―  rén shì shéi?  ―  Who is that person?
    嗰個邊個 [Cantonese, trad.]
    嗰个边个 [Cantonese, simp.]
    go2 go3 jan4-2 hai6 bin1 go3 lai4 gaa3? [Jyutping]
    Who is that person?
    敲門敲门  ―  Yǒurén qiāomén le.  ―  Someone knocked on the door.
  2. a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er
    主持  ―  zhǔchírén  ―  host
    北京  ―  Běijīngrén  ―  Beijinger
    香港 [Cantonese]  ―  hoeng1 gong2 jan4 [Jyutping]  ―  Hongkonger
  3. body
      ―  rén zài xīn bù zài  ―  the body is here but the heart is not
    不大舒服 [MSC, trad.]
    不大舒服 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè liǎng tiān rén bùdà shūfú. [Pinyin]
    I [lit. the body] haven't been feeling that well these few days.
    今天上午 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Jīntiān shàngwǔ nǐ rén zài nǎ? [Pinyin]
    Where have you been this morning?
  4. everybody; everyone
    手一冊手一册  ―  rénshǒu yīcè  ―  It's a bestseller. (lit. Everyone has a copy.)
    所共知  ―  rénsuǒgòngzhī  ―  common knowledge
  5. other people; others
    云亦云  ―  rényún yìyún  ―  to follow the crowd (lit. to say what others say)
    害己  ―  hàirénhàijǐ  ―  to harm others and onself
  6. physical, psychological or moral quality or condition; character; personality (Classifier: c;  c)
    就我所知不錯 [MSC, trad.]
    就我所知不错 [MSC, simp.]
    Jiùwǒsuǒzhī, tā rén bùcuò. [Pinyin]
    As far as I know, he is kind (lit. his personality is not bad).
    知道什麼 [MSC, trad.]
    知道什么 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ bù zhīdào tā shì shénme rén. [Pinyin]
    I don't know what kind of person he is.
    到底嚟㗎 [Cantonese, trad.]
    到底嚟㗎 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 dou3 dai2 hai6 me1 jan4 lai4 gaa3? [Jyutping]
    Exactly what kind of person is he?
  7. manpower; worker; employee
    我們公司 [MSC, trad.]
    我们公司 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen gōngsī zhèng quē rén. [Pinyin]
    Our company is short on manpower right now.
  8. talent; person of talent
  9. (obsolete) common people; commoner
  10. adult; grown-up
    長大长大  ―  zhǎngdà chéng'rén  ―  to grow up to be an adult
  11. (obsolete) sexual intercourse
      ―  réndào  ―  sexual intercourse
      ―  rénshì  ―  sexual intercourse
  12. (obsolete) company; companion; friend
  13. artificial; man-made
      ―  rénhuò  ―  human disaster
  14. (obsolete) human affairs; ways of the world
  15. (obsolete) mortal world; earthly word
  16. (obsolete) Template:alt form-lite
  17. (obsolete) Template:alt form-lite
  18. (obsolete) Template:alt form-lite
  19. (Beijing Mandarin) Lenition of 人家 (rénjia).
    磨蹭外頭我們 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
    磨蹭外头我们 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
    Bié móceng la, rén zǎi wàitou děng zhe wǒmen ne! [Pinyin]
    Stop dilly-dallying. He/She/They is/are waiting for us outside!
    哎呀孩子考上哈佛大學出息 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
    哎呀孩子考上哈佛大学出息 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
    Āiya, rén háizi kǎoshang Hāfó Dàxué la, duō chūxi ya! [Pinyin]
    Geez, his/her/their kid got into Harvard University. How promising!
    別人吱聲兒事兒出來 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
    别人吱声儿事儿出来 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
    Rén biéren dōu bù zīshengr, jiù tā bǎ zhèi shìr gěi shuō chulai le. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  20. (Taishanese) paternal grandmother
  21. A surname
Synonyms

Compounds

Lua error in Module:zh/templates at line 32: This template has been deprecated. Please use Template:col3 instead.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (にん) (nin); (じん) (jin)
  • Korean: 인(人) (in)
  • Vietnamese: nhân ()

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
alternative forms
𠆧
Wikipedia has articles on:

The Min native word for “person”; used as a replacement character for . Use of is recommended by Taiwan's Ministry of Education.

Pronunciation 1


Definitions

Template:zh-hanzi-lite (Coastal Min)

  1. man; person; people; human being; Homo sapiens (Classifier: mn;  md)
  2. a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er
    臺灣台湾 [Hokkien]  ―  Tâi-oân-lâng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  Taiwanese
  3. physical, psychological or moral quality or condition
    𣍐䆀 [Hokkien, trad.]
    𫧃䆀 [Hokkien, simp.]
    I lâng bē-bái. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    He is kind.
Compounds

Lua error in Module:zh/templates at line 32: This template has been deprecated. Please use Template:col3 instead.

Pronunciation 2


Definitions

Template:zh-hanzi-lite (Coastal Min)

  1. other people
  2. I; me

References

Japanese

Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
ひと
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨pi1to2*/pʲitə//fito//hito//çito/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pitə.

Pronunciation

Noun

(ひと) or (ヒト) (hito (counter )

  1. a person, human
  2. an individual
    Template:syn-lite
  3. mankind, people
    Template:syn-lite
  4. character, personality
    Template:syn-lite
  5. an average person
    Template:syn-lite
  6. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Template:syn-lite
  7. (law) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  8. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  9. an adult
    Template:syn-lite
  10. someone (else)
Usage notes
  • When scientifically referring to humans, this term is often spelled in katakana, as ヒト.
  • From Old Japanese or Middle Japanese development, hito is sometimes shifted to -uto, -udo, -to, -tto, or -do.
Derived terms

Pronoun

(ひと) (hito

  1. (archaic) second-person personal pronoun: you

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
にん
Grade: 1
goon

Go-on borrowing from Early Middle Chinese (MC nyin). Compare Shanghainese nyin.

Pronunciation

Noun

(にん) (nin

  1. a personality
  2. the role of that person
Derived terms

Counter

(にん) (-nin

  1. counter for number of people

Affix

(にん) (nin

  1. man

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
じん
Grade: 1
kan'on

Kan-on borrowing from Late Middle Chinese (MC nyin). Compare Mandarin /ʐən/.

Pronunciation

Suffix

(じん) (-jin

  1. person from that group
    アジア(じん)イギリス(じん)スペイン(じん)ドイツ(じん)アメリカ(じん)スコットランド(じん)
    Ajiajin, Igirisujin, Supeinjin, Doitsujin, Amerikajin, Sukottorandojin
    an Asian, an Englishman, a Spaniard, a German, an American, a Scot
  2. person who does the activity of the suffixed word
Usage notes

When compounding, makes the accent fall on the 自立拍 (jiritsuhaku, autonomous mora) immediately before itself. For example:

There is one notable exception:

Derived terms

Affix

(じん) (jin

  1. man
  2. Short for 人造 (jinzō): artificial, synthetic

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
Grade: 1
irregular

From Old Japanese. The proto-form may have been -ri or -tari, see 二人 (futari, literally two people).

Counter

() (-ri

  1. counter for number of people
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  2. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC nyin).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅀᅵᆫ (Yale: zìn)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 사〯ᄅᆞᆷ (Yale: sǎlòm) ᅀᅵᆫ (Yale: zìn)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 사람 (saram in))

  1. Hanja form? of (human; person).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

Kunigami

Kanji

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana ちゅー, romaji chū)

  1. person
  2. human

Miyako

Kanji

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana ぴぃとぅ, romaji psïtu)

  1. person
  2. human

Okinawan

Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
っちゅ
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana っちゅ, rōmaji tchu)

  1. person
  2. human
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
ぴとぅ
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Noun

(hiragana ぴとぅ, rōmaji pitu)

  1. people
  2. person
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
にん
Grade: 1
on'yomi

Noun

(hiragana にん, rōmaji nin)

  1. person; type of person
Derived terms

Counter

(hiragana にん, rōmaji -nin)

  1. counter for number of people
Derived terms

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
たい
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Counter

(hiragana , rōmaji -i)

  1. counter for number of people
Derived terms

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Counter

(hiragana たい, rōmaji -tai)

  1. counter for number of people
Derived terms

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: nhân ((như)(lân)(thiết))[1][2]
: Nôm readings: nhơn[1][2][3][4], nhân[1][4], người[1]

  1. (Northern Vietnam) Chữ Hán form of nhân (human).
  2. (Southern Vietnam) Chữ Hán form of nhơn (human).

References

Yaeyama

Kanji

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana ぴぃとぅ, romaji pïtu)

  1. person
  2. human

Yonaguni

Kanji

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana っとぅ, romaji ttu)

  1. person
  2. human