Appendix:Azerbaijani Swadesh list

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This is a Swadesh list of words in Azerbaijani, compared with definitions in English.

Presentation[edit]

For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List[edit]

EnglishAzerbaijani
Azərbaycan dili
edit (207)
1I (1sg)mən
2you (2sg)sən
3he, she, it (3sg)o
4we (1pl)biz
5you (2pl)siz
6they (3pl)onlar
7thisbu
8thato
9herebura
10thereora
11whokim
12what
13wherehara
14whenhaçan
15hownecə, nətər
16notdeyil, -maz/-məz
17allbütün, hamı-
18manyçox
19somebəzi (some of the), bir neçə (a few)
20fewaz
21otherbaşqa, ayrı, digər (Farsi)
22onebir
23twoiki
24threeüç
25fourdörd
26fivebeş
27bigböyük
28longuzun
29widegeniş
30thicksıx, qalın
31heavyağır
32smallkiçik, balaca
33shortqısa
34narrowdar
35thinincə, nazik (Farsi)
36womanqadın
37man (adult male)kişi
38man (human being)kəs, insan (Arabic), adam (Arabic)
39childbala, uşaq, çağa
40wifearvad, əyal
41husbandər
42motherana
43fatherata
44animalheyvan
45fishbalıq
46birdquş
47dogit, köpək
48lousebit
49snakeilan
50wormqurd
51treeağac
52forestmeşə, orman
53stickçubuq
54fruitmeyvə
55seedçiyid, toxum
56leafyarpaq
57rootkök, tüp
58bark (of a tree)qabıq
59flowerçiçək, gül
60grassot
61ropeip
62skindəri, gön (of animal)
63meatət
64bloodqan
65bonesümük
66fat (noun)yağ
67eggyumurta
68hornbuynuz
69tailquyruq
70feathertük
71hairsaç, qıl (on body)
72headbaş
73earqulaq
74eyegöz
75noseburun
76mouthağız
77toothdiş
78tongue (organ)dil
79fingernaildırnaq
80footayaq
81legqıç
82kneediz
83handəl
84wingqanad
85bellyqarın
86gutsbağırsaq
87neckboyun, süysün
88backarxa, kürək, bel
89breastdöş, göyüs
90heartürək
91liverciyər (Farsi), bağır
92to drinkiçmək
93to eatyemək
94to bitedişləmək (transitive)
95to suckəmmək
96to spittüpürmək
97to vomitqusmaq
98to blowüfürmək
99to breathenəfəs almaq
100to laughgülmək
101to seegörmək
102to heareşitmək
103to knowbilmək
104to thinkdüşünmək, sanmaq
105to smelliyləmək, qoxumaq
106to fearqorxmaq
107to sleepyatmaq
108to liveyaşamaq
109to dieölmək
110to killöldürmək
111to fightvuruşmaq, savaşmaq, döyüşmək
112to huntovlamaq
113to hitvurmaq
114to cutkəsmək
115to splitbölmək, yarmaq
116to stabsancmaq, batırmaq
117to scratchcızmaq, qaşımaq
118to digqazmaq
119to swimüzmək
120to flyuçmaq
121to walkyürümək, gəzmək, yerimək
122to comegəlmək
123to lie (as in a bed)uzanmaq, yatmaq
124to sitoturmaq
125to standdurmaq
126to turn (intransitive)dönmək
127to falldüşmək
128to givevermək
129to holdtutmaq (grab, capture), saxlamaq (hold, suspend)
130to squeezesıxmaq
131to rubsürmək
132to washyumaq
133to wipesilmək
134to pullçəkmək
135to pushitələmək
136to throwatmaq
137to tiebağlamaq
138to sewtikmək
139to countsaymaq
140to saydemək
141to singoxumaq
142to playoynamaq
143to floatüzmək
144to flowaxmaq
145to freezedonmaq
146to swellşişmək
147sungün, günəş
148moonay
149starulduz
150watersu
151rainyağış
152riverçay
153lakegöl
154seadəniz
155saltduz
156stonedaş
157sandqum
158dusttoz
159earthtorpaq (material), yer (planet; place)
160cloudbulud
161fogduman
162skygöy
163windkülək, yel
164snowqar
165icebuz
166smoketüstü
167fireod
168ashkül
169to burnyanmaq
170roadyol
171mountaindağ
172redqırmızı (Farsi), al
173greenyaşıl
174yellowsarı
175white
176blackqara
177nightgecə
178daygün
179yearil
180warmilıq
181coldsoyuq
182fulldolu
183newyeni, təzə
184oldköhnə, əski, qarı (female), qoca (male)
185goodyaxşı
186badpis, yaman
187rottençürük
188dirtyçirkli, kirli
189straightdüz
190roundyumru
191sharp (as a knife)iti
192dull (as a knife)küt
193smoothhamar, düz
194wetnəm, yaş, islaq
195dryquru
196correctdüzgün, doğru
197nearyaxın
198faruzaq
199rightsağ
200leftsol
201at-da/-də
202in-da/-də
203withilə, -la/-lə
204and, da/
205if-sa/-sə, əgər
206becauseçünki
207namead
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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