Appendix:Belarusian nouns

	This appendix is still in development.

Nouns

Noun declension

First Declension

Nouns that end in a hard consonant or the vowels -а or -о are hard and follow these hard patterns:

1. Hard feminine case endings:

Belarusian hard, usually feminine nouns, normally ending in -а in the nominative singular and -ы in the nominative plural. The stem ends in a hard consonant.

Inanimate

normal

Declension of газе́та (inan hard fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	газе́та hazjéta	газе́ты hazjéty
genitive	газе́ты hazjéty	газе́т hazjét
dative	газе́це hazjécje	газе́там hazjétam
accusative	газе́ту hazjétu	газе́ты hazjéty
instrumental	газе́тай, газе́таю hazjétaj, hazjétaju	газе́тамі hazjétami
locative	газе́це hazjécje	газе́тах hazjétax
count form	—	газе́ты¹ hazjéty¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

intrinsically hard-cons (and ц)

Declension of вячэ́ра (inan hard fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	вячэ́ра vjačéra	вячэ́ры vjačéry
genitive	вячэ́ры vjačéry	вячэ́р vjačér
dative	вячэ́ры vjačéry	вячэ́рам vjačéram
accusative	вячэ́ру vjačéru	вячэ́ры vjačéry
instrumental	вячэ́рай, вячэ́раю vjačéraj, vjačéraju	вячэ́рамі vjačérami
locative	вячэ́ры vjačéry	вячэ́рах vjačérax
count form	—	вячэ́ры¹ vjačéry¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Declension of -ца́ (inan hard fem-form accent-d)

	singular	plural
nominative	-ца́ -cá	-цы́ -cý
genitive	-цы́ -cý	-ц -c
dative	-цы́ -cý	-ца́м -cám
accusative	-цу́ -cú	-цы́ -cý
instrumental	-цо́й, -цо́ю -cój, -cóju	-ца́мі -cámi
locative	-цы́ -cý	-ца́х -cáx
count form	—	-цы́¹ -cý¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Animate

normal

Declension of Антані́на (pr hard fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	Антані́на Antanína	Антані́ны Antaníny
genitive	Антані́ны Antaníny	Антані́н Antanín
dative	Антані́не Antanínje	Антані́нам Antanínam
accusative	Антані́ну Antanínu	Антані́н Antanín
instrumental	Антані́най, Антані́наю Antanínaj, Antanínaju	Антані́намі Antanínami
locative	Антані́не Antanínje	Антані́нах Antanínax
count form	—	Антані́ны¹ Antaníny¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

intrinsically hard-cons (and ц)

Declension of Алякса́ндра (pr hard fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	Алякса́ндра Aljaksándra	Алякса́ндры Aljaksándry
genitive	Алякса́ндры Aljaksándry	Алякса́ндр Aljaksándr
dative	Алякса́ндры Aljaksándry	Алякса́ндрам Aljaksándram
accusative	Алякса́ндру Aljaksándru	Алякса́ндр Aljaksándr
instrumental	Алякса́ндрай, Алякса́ндраю Aljaksándraj, Aljaksándraju	Алякса́ндрамі Aljaksándrami
locative	Алякса́ндры Aljaksándry	Алякса́ндрах Aljaksándrax
count form	—	Алякса́ндры¹ Aljaksándry¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Declension of -ца́ (pr hard fem-form accent-d)

	singular	plural
nominative	-ца́ -cá	-цы́ -cý
genitive	-цы́ -cý	-ц -c
dative	-цы́ -cý	-ца́м -cám
accusative	-цу́ -cú	-ц -c
instrumental	-цо́й, -цо́ю -cój, -cóju	-ца́мі -cámi
locative	-цы́ -cý	-ца́х -cáx
count form	—	-цы́¹ -cý¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Examples:
газе́та (hazjéta)

рабо́та (rabóta)

сястра́ (sjastrá)

2. Hard feminine case endings with -i:

Belarusian velar-stem, usually feminine nouns, normally ending in a velar in the nominative singular and -і in the nominative plural. The stem ends in a velar (-к, -г or -х). In the dative and locative the stem undergoes the second Slavic palatalization (see below).

г > з

Declension of кні́га (inan velar fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	кні́га kníha	кні́гі kníhi
genitive	кні́гі kníhi	кніг knih
dative	кні́зе knízje	кні́гам kníham
accusative	кні́гу kníhu	кні́гі kníhi
instrumental	кні́гай, кні́гаю kníhaj, kníhaju	кні́гамі kníhami
locative	кні́зе knízje	кні́гах kníhax
count form	—	кні́гі¹ kníhi¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

к > ц

Declension of па́така (inan velar fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	па́така pátaka	па́такі pátaki
genitive	па́такі pátaki	па́так pátak
dative	па́тацы pátacy	па́такам pátakam
accusative	па́таку pátaku	па́такі pátaki
instrumental	па́такай, па́такаю pátakaj, pátakaju	па́такамі pátakami
locative	па́тацы pátacy	па́таках pátakax
count form	—	па́такі¹ pátaki¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

х > с

Declension of кваку́ха (anml velar fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	кваку́ха kvakúxa	кваку́хі kvakúxi
genitive	кваку́хі kvakúxi	кваку́х kvakúx
dative	кваку́се kvakúsje	кваку́хам kvakúxam
accusative	кваку́ху kvakúxu	кваку́х kvakúx
instrumental	кваку́хай, кваку́хаю kvakúxaj, kvakúxaju	кваку́хамі kvakúxami
locative	кваку́се kvakúsje	кваку́хах kvakúxax
count form	—	кваку́хі¹ kvakúxi¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Examples:
кні́га (kníha)

па́така (pátaka)

кваку́ха (kvakúxa)

Feminine nouns in -я follow these soft patterns:

3. Soft feminine case endings:

Belarusian soft, usually feminine nouns, normally ending in -я in the nominative singular and -і in the nominative plural. The stem ends in a soft consonant.

Declension of нядзе́ля (inan soft fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	нядзе́ля njadzjélja	нядзе́лі njadzjéli
genitive	нядзе́лі njadzjéli	нядзе́ль njadzjélʹ
dative	нядзе́лі njadzjéli	нядзе́лям njadzjéljam
accusative	нядзе́лю njadzjélju	нядзе́лі njadzjéli
instrumental	нядзе́ляй, нядзе́ляю njadzjéljaj, njadzjéljaju	нядзе́лямі njadzjéljami
locative	нядзе́лі njadzjéli	нядзе́лях njadzjéljax
count form	—	нядзе́лі¹ njadzjéli¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Declension of гісто́рыя (inan soft fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	гісто́рыя históryja	гісто́рыі históryi
genitive	гісто́рыі históryi	гісто́рый históryj
dative	гісто́рыі históryi	гісто́рыям históryjam
accusative	гісто́рыю históryju	гісто́рыі históryi
instrumental	гісто́рыяй, гісто́рыяю históryjaj, históryjaju	гісто́рыямі históryjami
locative	гісто́рыі históryi	гісто́рыях históryjax
count form	—	гісто́рыі¹ históryi¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Examples:
гісто́рыя (históryja)

нядзе́ля (njadzjélja)

Second declension

Nouns that end in: consonants soft and hard (masculine), in -а (uncommon masc., common neut.) or -о (neut.), in -е or -ё (neut.). Plural: -і (soft consonant, velar), -ы (hard consonant).

1. Hard masculine case endings:

Belarusian hard, usually masculine nouns, normally ending in a hard consonant in the nominative singular and -ы in the nominative plural. The stem ends in a hard consonant.

Declension of стол (inan hard masc-form accent-b)

	singular	plural
nominative	стол stol	сталы́ stalý
genitive	стала́ stalá	стало́ў stalów
dative	сталу́ stalú	стала́м stalám
accusative	стол stol	сталы́ stalý
instrumental	стало́м stalóm	стала́мі stalámi
locative	стале́ staljé	стала́х staláx
count form	—	сталы́¹ stalý¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Declension of бар'е́р (inan hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	бар'е́р barʺjér	бар'е́ры barʺjéry
genitive	бар'е́ра barʺjéra	бар'е́раў barʺjéraw
dative	бар'е́ру barʺjéru	бар'е́рам barʺjéram
accusative	бар'е́р barʺjér	бар'е́ры barʺjéry
instrumental	бар'е́рам barʺjéram	бар'е́рамі barʺjérami
locative	бар'е́ры barʺjéry	бар'е́рах barʺjérax
count form	—	бар'е́ры¹ barʺjéry¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Examples:
дом (dom)

горад (hórad)

стол (stol)

1.1. Hard masculine case endings in -а:

Belarusian hard, masculine nouns ending in -а, normally ending in a hard consonant in the nominative singular and -ы in the nominative plural. The stem ends in a hard consonant.

Declension of кіро́ўца (pr hard masc in -а accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	кіро́ўца kirówca	кіро́ўцы kirówcy
genitive	кіро́ўцы kirówcy	кіро́ўцаў kirówcaw
dative	кіро́ўцу kirówcu	кіро́ўцам kirówcam
accusative	кіро́ўцу kirówcu	кіро́ўцаў kirówcaw
instrumental	кіро́ўцам kirówcam	кіро́ўцамі kirówcami
locative	кіро́ўцу kirówcu	кіро́ўцах kirówcax
count form	—	кіро́ўцы¹ kirówcy¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Declension of мужчы́на (pr hard masc in -а accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	мужчы́на mužčýna	мужчы́ны mužčýny
genitive	мужчы́ны mužčýny	мужчы́н mužčýn
dative	мужчы́ну mužčýnu	мужчы́нам mužčýnam
accusative	мужчы́ну mužčýnu	мужчы́н mužčýn
instrumental	мужчы́нам mužčýnam	мужчы́намі mužčýnami
locative	мужчы́не mužčýnje	мужчы́нах mužčýnax
count form	—	мужчы́ны¹ mužčýny¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

1.1 stems, inanimate

Declension of -ы́на (inan hard masc in -а accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	-ы́на -ýna	-ы́ны -ýny
genitive	-ы́ны -ýny	-ы́наў -ýnaw
dative	-ы́ну -ýnu	-ы́нам -ýnam
accusative	-ы́ну -ýnu	-ы́ны -ýny
instrumental	-ы́нам -ýnam	-ы́намі -ýnami
locative	-ы́не -ýnje	-ы́нах -ýnax
count form	—	-ы́ны¹ -ýny¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Declension of -ы́ка (inan velar masc in -а accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	-ы́ка -ýka	-ы́кі -ýki
genitive	-ы́кі -ýki	-ы́каў -ýkaw
dative	-ы́ку -ýku	-ы́кам -ýkam
accusative	-ы́ку -ýku	-ы́кі -ýki
instrumental	-ы́кам -ýkam	-ы́камі -ýkami
locative	-ы́ку -ýku	-ы́ках -ýkax
count form	—	-ы́кі¹ -ýki¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Declension of -ы́ца (inan hard masc in -а accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	-ы́ца -ýca	-ы́цы -ýcy
genitive	-ы́цы -ýcy	-ы́цаў -ýcaw
dative	-ы́цу -ýcu	-ы́цам -ýcam
accusative	-ы́цу -ýcu	-ы́цы -ýcy
instrumental	-ы́цам -ýcam	-ы́цамі -ýcami
locative	-ы́цы -ýcy	-ы́цах -ýcax
count form	—	-ы́цы¹ -ýcy¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

1.1 stems, animate

Declension of -ы́на (pr hard masc in -а accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	-ы́на -ýna	-ы́ны -ýny
genitive	-ы́ны -ýny	-ы́наў -ýnaw
dative	-ы́ну -ýnu	-ы́нам -ýnam
accusative	-ы́ну -ýnu	-ы́наў -ýnaw
instrumental	-ы́нам -ýnam	-ы́намі -ýnami
locative	-ы́не -ýnje	-ы́нах -ýnax
count form	—	-ы́ны¹ -ýny¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Declension of -ы́ка (pr velar masc in -а accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	-ы́ка -ýka	-ы́кі -ýki
genitive	-ы́кі -ýki	-ы́каў -ýkaw
dative	-ы́ку -ýku	-ы́кам -ýkam
accusative	-ы́ку -ýku	-ы́каў -ýkaw
instrumental	-ы́кам -ýkam	-ы́камі -ýkami
locative	-ы́ку -ýku	-ы́ках -ýkax
count form	—	-ы́кі¹ -ýki¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Declension of -ы́ца (pr hard masc in -а accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	-ы́ца -ýca	-ы́цы -ýcy
genitive	-ы́цы -ýcy	-ы́цаў -ýcaw
dative	-ы́цу -ýcu	-ы́цам -ýcam
accusative	-ы́цу -ýcu	-ы́цаў -ýcaw
instrumental	-ы́цам -ýcam	-ы́цамі -ýcami
locative	-ы́цу -ýcu	-ы́цах -ýcax
count form	—	-ы́цы¹ -ýcy¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

(Note: Clipped genetive plural here for мужчы́на, but typically -аў. Locative and dative singular typically end in -е/ы, -у for velars and if animate then for ц as well, -э for end-stressed nouns with -ка. The latter sentence is true for all hard masculine case endings in -а, the difference in hard velar and ц feminine case endings in -а is that the dative and locative end in -е or -ы for ц and trigger second slavic palatalization for velars.)

2. Hard neuter case endings:

Belarusian hard, usually neuter nouns, normally ending in -а or -о in the nominative singular and -ы in the nominative plural. The stem ends in a hard consonant.

Declension of сяло́ (inan hard neut-form accent-d а-о)

	singular	plural
nominative	сяло́ sjaló	сёлы sjóly
genitive	сяла́ sjalá	сёлаў sjólaw
dative	сялу́ sjalú	сёлам sjólam
accusative	сяло́ sjaló	сёлы sjóly
instrumental	сяло́м sjalóm	сёламі sjólami
locative	сяле́ sjaljé	сёлах sjólax
count form	—	сялы́¹ sjalý¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Declension of ме́ста (inan hard neut-form accent-c)

	singular	plural
nominative	ме́ста mjésta	мясты́ mjastý
genitive	ме́ста mjésta	място́ў mjastów
dative	ме́сту mjéstu	мяста́м mjastám
accusative	ме́ста mjésta	мясты́ mjastý
instrumental	ме́стам mjéstam	мяста́мі mjastámi
locative	ме́сце mjéscje	мяста́х mjastáx
count form	—	ме́сты¹ mjésty¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Examples:
сяло́ (sjaló)

ме́ста (mjésta)

акно́ (aknó)

блю́да (bljúda)

3. Hard masculine case endings with -i:

Belarusian velar-stem, usually masculine nouns, normally ending in a velar in the nominative singular and -і in the nominative plural. The stem ends in a velar (-к, -г or -х).

Declension of наста́ўнік (pr velar masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	наста́ўнік nastáwnik	наста́ўнікі nastáwniki
genitive	наста́ўніка nastáwnika	наста́ўнікаў nastáwnikaw
dative	наста́ўніку nastáwniku	наста́ўнікам nastáwnikam
accusative	наста́ўніка nastáwnika	наста́ўнікаў nastáwnikaw
instrumental	наста́ўнікам nastáwnikam	наста́ўнікамі nastáwnikami
locative	наста́ўніку nastáwniku	наста́ўніках nastáwnikax
count form	—	наста́ўнікі¹ nastáwniki¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Examples:
наста́ўнік (nastáwnik)

парк (park)

нож (nož)

3.1. Hard masculine case with -i, ending in -а:

Belarusian velar-stem, masculine nouns ending in -а, normally ending in a velar in the nominative singular and -і in the nominative plural. The stem ends in a velar (-к, -г or -х).

Declension of Таўпе́ка (pr velar masc in -а accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	Таўпе́ка Tawpjéka	Таўпе́кі Tawpjéki
genitive	Таўпе́кі Tawpjéki	Таўпе́каў Tawpjékaw
dative	Таўпе́ку Tawpjéku	Таўпе́кам Tawpjékam
accusative	Таўпе́ку Tawpjéku	Таўпе́каў Tawpjékaw
instrumental	Таўпе́кам Tawpjékam	Таўпе́камі Tawpjékami
locative	Таўпе́ку Tawpjéku	Таўпе́ках Tawpjékax
count form	—	Таўпе́кі¹ Tawpjéki¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

4. Hard neuter case endings with -i:

Belarusian velar-stem, usually neuter nouns, normally ending in -а or -о in the nominative singular and -і in the nominative plural. The stem ends in a velar (-к, -г or -х).

Declension of паве́ка (inan velar neut-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	паве́ка pavjéka	паве́кі pavjéki
genitive	паве́ка pavjéka	паве́каў pavjékaw
dative	паве́ку pavjéku	паве́кам pavjékam
accusative	паве́ка pavjéka	паве́кі pavjéki
instrumental	паве́кам pavjékam	паве́камі pavjékami
locative	паве́ку pavjéku	паве́ках pavjékax
count form	—	паве́кі¹ pavjéki¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Declension of во́йска (inan velar neut-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	во́йска vójska	во́йскі vójski
genitive	во́йска vójska	во́йскаў vójskaw
dative	во́йску vójsku	во́йскам vójskam
accusative	во́йска vójska	во́йскі vójski
instrumental	во́йскам vójskam	во́йскамі vójskami
locative	во́йску vójsku	во́йсках vójskax
count form	—	во́йскі¹ vójski¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

5. Soft masculine case endings:

Belarusian soft, usually masculine nouns, normally ending in -ь in the nominative singular and -і in the nominative plural. The stem ends in a soft consonant.

Animate

Declension of кава́ль (pr soft masc-form accent-b)

	singular	plural
nominative	кава́ль kaválʹ	кавалі́ kavalí
genitive	каваля́ kavaljá	кавалёў kavaljów
dative	кавалю́ kavaljú	каваля́м kavaljám
accusative	каваля́ kavaljá	кавалёў kavaljów
instrumental	кавалём kavaljóm	каваля́мі kavaljámi
locative	кавалю́ kavaljú	каваля́х kavaljáx
count form	—	кавалі́¹ kavalí¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Declension of геро́й (pr soft masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	геро́й hjerój	геро́і hjerói
genitive	геро́я hjerója	геро́яў hjerójaw
dative	геро́ю hjeróju	геро́ям hjerójam
accusative	геро́я hjerója	геро́яў hjerójaw
instrumental	геро́ем hjerójem	геро́ямі hjerójami
locative	геро́ю hjeróju	геро́ях hjerójax
count form	—	геро́і¹ hjerói¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Inanimate

Declension of пако́й (inan soft masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	пако́й pakój	пако́і pakói
genitive	пако́я pakója	пако́яў pakójaw
dative	пако́ю pakóju	пако́ям pakójam
accusative	пако́й pakój	пако́і pakói
instrumental	пако́ем pakójem	пако́ямі pakójami
locative	пако́і pakói	пако́ях pakójax
count form	—	пако́і¹ pakói¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Declension of но́гаць (inan soft masc-form accent-a reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	но́гаць nóhacʹ	но́гці nóhci
genitive	но́гця nóhcja	но́гцяў nóhcjaw
dative	но́гцю nóhcju	но́гцям nóhcjam
accusative	но́гаць nóhacʹ	но́гці nóhci
instrumental	но́гцем nóhcjem	но́гцямі nóhcjami
locative	но́гці nóhci	но́гцях nóhcjax
count form	—	но́гці¹ nóhci¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Examples:
кава́ль (kaválʹ)

геро́й (hjerój)

дзень (dzjenʹ)

ку́жаль (kúžalʹ)

6. Soft neuter case endings:

Belarusian soft, usually neuter nouns, normally ending in -е or -ё in the nominative singular and -і in the nominative plural.

Declension of по́ле (inan soft neut-form accent-c)

	singular	plural
nominative	по́ле pólje	палі́ palí
genitive	по́ля pólja	палёў paljów
dative	по́лю pólju	паля́м paljám
accusative	по́ле pólje	палі́ palí
instrumental	по́лем póljem	паля́мі paljámi
locative	по́лі póli	паля́х paljáx
count form	—	по́лі¹ póli¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Declension of жыццё (inan soft neut-form accent-b)

	singular	plural
nominative	жыццё žyccjó	жыцці́ žyccí
genitive	жыцця́ žyccjá	жы́ццяў, жыццёў žýccjaw, žyccjów
dative	жыццю́ žyccjú	жыцця́м žyccjám
accusative	жыццё žyccjó	жыцці́ žyccí
instrumental	жыццём žyccjóm	жыцця́мі žyccjámi
locative	жыцці́ žyccí	жыцця́х žyccjáx
count form	—	жыцці́¹ žyccí¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Examples:
шча́сце (ščáscje)

по́ле (pólje)

пыта́нне (pytánnje)

Third declension

Belarusian soft third-declension: usually feminine nouns, normally ending in -ь or -ў in the nominative singular and -і in the nominative plural.

Declension of косць (inan soft 3rd-decl fem-form accent-e)

	singular	plural
nominative	косць koscʹ	ко́сці kósci
genitive	ко́сці kósci	касце́й kascjéj
dative	ко́сці kósci	касця́м kascjám
accusative	косць koscʹ	ко́сці kósci
instrumental	ко́сцю kóscju	касця́мі kascjámi
locative	ко́сці kósci	касця́х kascjáx
count form	—	ко́сці¹ kósci¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Belarusian hard third-declension: usually feminine nouns, normally ending in -р or a hushing consonant/always-hard consonant in the nominative singular and has -ы in the nominative plural.

Declension of ноч (inan hard 3rd-decl fem-form accent-e)

	singular	plural
nominative	ноч noč	но́чы nóčy
genitive	но́чы nóčy	начэ́й načéj
dative	но́чы nóčy	нача́м načám
accusative	ноч noč	но́чы nóčy
instrumental	но́ччу nóčču	нача́мі načámi
locative	но́чы nóčy	нача́х načáx
count form	—	но́чы¹ nóčy¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Examples:
косць (koscʹ, soft ending)

кроў (krow, soft ending)

ноч (noč, hard ending)

рэч (reč, hard ending)

Fourth declension

Belarusian fourth-declension, usually neuter nouns, normally ending in -я in the nominative singular and -і in the nominative plural.

Declension of це́мя (inan 4th-decl neut-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	це́мя cjémja	це́мі cjémi
genitive	це́мя cjémja	це́мяў cjémjaw
dative	це́мю cjémju	це́мям cjémjam
accusative	це́мя cjémja	це́мі cjémi
instrumental	це́мем cjémjem	це́мямі cjémjami
locative	це́мі cjémi	це́мях cjémjax
count form	—	це́мі¹ cjémi¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Belarusian t-stem, usually neuter nouns, normally ending in -я or -а in the nominative singular and -ты in the nominative plural. The stem ends in -я (soft neuter-form) or -а (hard neuter-form) (with -т- or -ц- in most forms).

Declension of цяля́ (anml t-stem neut-form accent-b)

	singular	plural
nominative	цяля́ cjaljá	цяля́ты cjaljáty
genitive	цяля́ці cjaljáci	цяля́т cjalját
dative	цяля́ці cjaljáci	цяля́там cjaljátam
accusative	цяля́ cjaljá	цяля́т cjalját
instrumental	цялём cjaljóm	цяля́тамі cjaljátami
locative	цяля́ці cjaljáci	цяля́тах cjaljátax
count form	—	цяля́ці¹ cjaljáci¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Belarusian n-stem, usually neuter nouns, normally ending in -я in the nominative singular and -ёны in the nominative plural. The stem ends in -м (with -ен- or -ён- in some forms).

Declension of пле́мя (inan 4th-decl neut-form // n-stem neut-form accent-a/c)

	singular	plural
nominative	пле́мя pljémja	плямёны pljamjóny
genitive	пле́мя, пле́мені pljémja, pljémjeni	плямён, плямёнаў pljamjón, pljamjónaw
dative	пле́мю, пле́мені pljémju, pljémjeni	плямёнам pljamjónam
accusative	пле́мя pljémja	плямёны pljamjóny
instrumental	пле́мем, пле́менем pljémjem, pljémjenjem	плямёнамі pljamjónami
locative	пле́мі, пле́мені pljémi, pljémjeni	плямёнах pljamjónax
count form	—	пле́мені¹ pljémjeni¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Adjectival nouns

These are nouns that originate from adjectives, they can be of any 3 genders. They decline just like adjectives in Belarusian.

Masculine

Declension of даро́слы (pr pl-only adj masc accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	даро́слы darósly	даро́слыя daróslyja
genitive	даро́слага daróslaha	даро́слых daróslyx
dative	даро́сламу daróslamu	даро́слым daróslym
accusative	даро́слага daróslaha	даро́слых daróslyx
instrumental	даро́слым daróslym	даро́слымі daróslymi
locative	даро́слым daróslym	даро́слых daróslyx

Neuter

Declension of лёгкае (inan pl-only adj neut accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	лёгкае ljóhkaje	лёгкія ljóhkija
genitive	лёгкага ljóhkaha	лёгкіх ljóhkix
dative	лёгкаму ljóhkamu	лёгкім ljóhkim
accusative	лёгкае ljóhkaje	лёгкія ljóhkija
instrumental	лёгкім ljóhkim	лёгкімі ljóhkimi
locative	лёгкім ljóhkim	лёгкіх ljóhkix

Feminine

Declension of белару́ская (inan pl-only adj fem accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	белару́ская bjelarúskaja	белару́скія bjelarúskija
genitive	белару́скай bjelarúskaj	белару́скіх bjelarúskix
dative	белару́скай bjelarúskaj	белару́скім bjelarúskim
accusative	белару́скую bjelarúskuju	белару́скія bjelarúskija
instrumental	белару́скай, белару́скаю bjelarúskaj, bjelarúskaju	белару́скімі bjelarúskimi
locative	белару́скай bjelarúskaj	белару́скіх bjelarúskix

Declension notes

Dative and Locative singular

For hard nouns in the singular, the dative and locative usually have endings -е / -ы or in most masculine nouns -у for the dative.
Masculine stems ending in velars (к, г, х) regardless of animacy, and if animate and ending in one of the always-hard consonants then these cases typically take -у.
- In feminine stems ending in velars the dative and locative trigger the second Slavic palatalization of the stem before the ending and take -е.
Stems ending in -ц usually follow -ы, except when masculine and animate — then they take -у.
Nouns with an -ка́ ending when the stress falls on the ending take -э in dative/locative.
- The end-stressed -э behaviour also occurs for hard masculine case endings in -ка́.

Table of Patterns

Stem type	Typical dative / locative (sg)	Pattern
Default (non-special)	`-е / -ы`	Standard endings for most stems.
Velar-final, masculine (к, г, х)	`-у`	`stem+к → -ку` ; `stem+г → -гу` ; `stem+х → -ху`.
Velar-final, feminine (к, г, х), second palatalization	`-е`	`stem+к → -цы` ; `stem+г → -зе` ; `stem+х → -се`.
Stem-final `-ц` (inan. masc, anim. and inan. fem.)	`-ы`	`stem+ц → -цы`; but note: `stem+т → -це`.
Masculine stem-final `-ц` (animate)	`-у`	`stem+ц → -цу`.
Feminine end-stressed `-ка́`	`-э`	End-stressed `-ка́` → `-цэ`. See рака́ (raká) (end-stressed) and во́кладка (vókladka) (not end-stressed).
Hard masculine `-ка` (end-stressed)	`-э`	Analogous to feminine end-stressed `-ка` behaviour.
Masculine, always-hard, inanimate	`-ы (LOC)`	`stem+р → -ры`.
Masculine, always-hard, animate	`-у`	`stem+р → -ру`.
Feminine, always-hard (inanimate and animate)	`-ы`	`stem+р → -ры`.

Noun Stem Reduction

In Belarusian, a significant number of nouns exhibit stem reduction (the loss or rearrangement of a stem vowel) in certain case forms. In this appendix the abbreviations C = consonant and V = vowel are used. Two common patterns are described below:

Nouns with an underlying -(C)VC shape (for example, абу́так (abútak), ся́бар (sjábar)).
Nouns with an underlying -CCV shape (for example, гу́тарка (hútarka), датча́нка (datčánka)).

-(C)VC stem reduction

Nouns of the -(C)VC pattern are typically masculine. In oblique (non-nominative) cases the medial vowel is lost and the stem surfaces as a -CC sequence. In other words, the stem reduces by dropping the original vowel. For example: ся́бар → ся́бру (locative / dative singular).

Examples:

Declension of ся́бар (pr hard masc-form accent-c reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	ся́бар sjábar	сябры́ sjabrý
genitive	ся́бра sjábra	сябро́ў sjabrów
dative	ся́бру sjábru	сябра́м sjabrám
accusative	ся́бра sjábra	сябро́ў sjabrów
instrumental	ся́брам sjábram	сябра́мі sjabrámi
locative	ся́бру sjábru	сябра́х sjabráx
count form	—	ся́бры¹ sjábry¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Declension of шаве́ц (pr hard masc-form accent-b reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	шаве́ц šavjéc	шаўцы́ šawcý
genitive	шаўца́ šawcá	шаўцо́ў šawców
dative	шаўцу́ šawcú	шаўца́м šawcám
accusative	шаўца́ šawcá	шаўцо́ў šawców
instrumental	шаўцо́м šawcóm	шаўца́мі šawcámi
locative	шаўцу́ šawcú	шаўца́х šawcáx
count form	—	шаўцы́¹ šawcý¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

-CCV stem reduction

Nouns of the -CCV pattern are typically feminine. Unlike the -(C)VC pattern above, these stems generally "reduce" only in the genitive and accusative plural. The alternation involves a reordering or insertion so that -CCа → -CаC. For example: гу́тарка → гу́тарак (genitive plural).

Examples:

Declension of гу́тарка (inan velar fem-form accent-a reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	гу́тарка hútarka	гу́таркі hútarki
genitive	гу́таркі hútarki	гу́тарак hútarak
dative	гу́тарцы hútarcy	гу́таркам hútarkam
accusative	гу́тарку hútarku	гу́таркі hútarki
instrumental	гу́таркай, гу́таркаю hútarkaj, hútarkaju	гу́таркамі hútarkami
locative	гу́тарцы hútarcy	гу́тарках hútarkax
count form	—	гу́таркі¹ hútarki¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Declension of датча́нка (pr velar fem-form accent-a reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	датча́нка datčánka	датча́нкі datčánki
genitive	датча́нкі datčánki	датча́нак datčának
dative	датча́нцы datčáncy	датча́нкам datčánkam
accusative	датча́нку datčánku	датча́нак datčának
instrumental	датча́нкай, датча́нкаю datčánkaj, datčánkaju	датча́нкамі datčánkami
locative	датча́нцы datčáncy	датча́нках datčánkax
count form	—	датча́нкі¹ datčánki¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Stress Patterns

Pattern A:

Stress stays fixed on stem. (о́фіс (ófis), аб'е́кт (abʺjékt), абажу́р (abažúr))

Pattern B:

Stress stays fixed on end. (final syllable). (ву́лей (vúljej), бізу́н (bizún))

Pattern C:

Stress fixed on stem in singular, stress fixed on ending in plural. (чаро́т (čarót), чо́вен (čóvjen), мост (most))

Declension of чаро́т (inan hard masc-form accent-c)

	singular	plural
nominative	чаро́т čarót	чараты́ čaratý
genitive	чаро́ту čarótu	чарато́ў čaratów
dative	чаро́ту čarótu	чарата́м čaratám
accusative	чаро́т čarót	чараты́ čaratý
instrumental	чаро́там čarótam	чарата́мі čaratámi
locative	чаро́це čarócje	чарата́х čaratáx
count form	—	чаро́ты¹ čaróty¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

- Note: Irregular -у singular genitive

Pattern D:

Stress fixed on ending in singular, stress fixed on stem in plural. (рака́ (raká), мяжа́ (mjažá), пізда́ (pizdá))

Pattern E:

Stress fixed on stem in singular and nominative/accusative plural, stress fixed on ending for genitive, dative, instrumental, and locative plural.

Pattern F:

Stress fixed on ending in singular, and genitive, dative, instrumental, locational plural. Stress fixed on stem in nominative/accusative plural.

Declension of нага́ (inan velar fem-form accent-f а-о)

	singular	plural
nominative	нага́ nahá	но́гі nóhi
genitive	нагі́ nahí	ног noh
dative	назе́ nazjé	нага́м nahám
accusative	нагу́ nahú	но́гі nóhi
instrumental	наго́й, наго́ю nahój, nahóju	нага́мі nahámi
locative	назе́ nazjé	нага́х naháx
count form	—	нагі́¹ nahí¹

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Stress pattern table

	The Stress Falls on:
Pattern Letter	a		b		c		d		e		f
Number	sg	pl	sg	pl	sg	pl	sg	pl	sg	pl	sg	pl
Nom	stem	stem	ending	ending	stem	ending	ending	stem	stem	stem	ending	stem
Acc	stem		ending		stem		ending		stem		ending
Gen	stem	stem	ending	ending	stem	ending	ending	stem	stem	ending	ending	ending
Dat	stem	stem	ending	ending	stem	ending	ending	stem	stem	ending	ending	ending
Ins	stem	stem	ending	ending	stem	ending	ending	stem	stem	ending	ending	ending
Loc	stem	stem	ending	ending	stem	ending	ending	stem	stem	ending	ending	ending
Example	бана́н (banán)		бык (byk)		брат (brat)		вада́ (vadá)		зуб (zub)		рука́ (ruká)

NOTE: Boldfaced cases differ from the other cases in the same number (singular or plural).

The accusative plural is left out in the above table because it is derived from either the nominative plural or genitive plural, depending on the noun's animacy.

Declension paradigms

Endings identical across Declension I & II (Feminine, Masculine, Neuter)
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative
Genitive
Dative		-ам / -ям
Accusative
Instrumental	Fem.: -ай / -о́й, -яй / -ё́й Masc./Neut.: -ам / -о́м, -ем	-амі / -ямі
Locative		-ах / -ях

Declension I – Hard Feminine

Declension I – Hard Feminine
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-а	-ы
Genitive	-ы	-ø
Dative	-е (*-ы)	-ам
Accusative	-у	-ы (inanim.), -GEN (anim.)
Instrumental	-ай / -о́й	-амі
Locative	-е (*-ы)	-ах

* After always-hard consonants

Declension I – Hard Feminine (ending in -і)

Declension I – Hard Feminine (ending in -і)
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	velar+-а	-і
Genitive	-і	-ø
Dative	-е	-ам
Accusative	-у	-і (inanim.), -GEN (anim.)
Instrumental	-ай / -о́й	-амі
Locative	-е	-ах

(inanim.) = inanimate; (anim.) = animate

Declension I – Soft Feminine

Declension I – Soft Feminine
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-я	-і
Genitive	-і	-ь (consonant stem), -й (vowel stem)
Dative	-і	-ям
Accusative	-ю	-і (inanim.), -GEN (anim.)
Instrumental	-яй / -ё́й	-ямі
Locative	-і	-ях

* After always-hard consonants. (inanim.) = inanimate; (anim.) = animate

Declension II – Hard Masculine

Declension II – Hard Masculine
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	hard consonant (no ending)	-ы
Genitive	-а	-аў / -о́ў
Dative	-у	-ам
Accusative	-NOM (inanim.), -GEN (anim.)	-ы (inanim.), -GEN (anim.)
Instrumental	-ам / -о́м	-амі
Locative	-е (*-ы), -у (ending in -ц and always-hard consonants if anim., or endings in velars regardless of animation)	-ах

* After always-hard consonants. (inanim.) = inanimate; (anim.) = animate.

Declension II – Hard Masculine (ending in -і)

Declension II – Hard Masculine (ending in -і)
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-г / -х / -к	-і
Genitive	-а	-аў / -о́ў
Dative	-у	-ам
Accusative	-NOM (inanim.), -GEN (anim.)	-і (inanim.), -GEN (anim.)
Instrumental	-ам / -о́м	-амі
Locative	-у	-ах

(inanim.) = inanimate; (anim.) = animate

Declension II – Hard Neuter

Declension II – Hard Neuter
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-а / -о́	-ы
Genitive	-а	-аў / -о́ў
Dative	-у	-ам
Accusative	-NOM (inanim.), -GEN (anim.)	-ы (inanim.), -GEN (anim.)
Instrumental	-ам / -о́м	-амі
Locative	-е (*-ы)	-ах

* After always-hard consonants. (inanim.) = inanimate.

Declension II – Hard Neuter (ending in -і)

Declension II – Soft Masculine

Declension II – Soft Masculine
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-ь / -й	-і
Genitive	-я	-яў / -ёў
Dative	-ю	-ям
Accusative	-NOM (inanim.), -GEN (anim.)	-і (inanim.), -GEN (anim.)
Instrumental	-ям / -ём	-ямі
Locative	-і (*-ю)	-ях

* Locative for animate soft masculine nouns. (inanim.) = inanimate.

Declension II – Soft Neuter

Declension II – Soft Neuter
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-е / -ё	-і
Genitive	-я	-яў / -ёў
Dative	-ю	-ям
Accusative	-NOM (inanim.), -GEN (anim.)	-і (inanim.), -GEN (anim.)
Instrumental	-ям / -ём	-ямі
Locative	-і	-ях

(inanim.) = inanimate.