Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European roots/ǵʰ
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
| Root | Meaning | Derivatives |
|---|---|---|
| *ǵʰáns- | goose | Gk. χήν (khḗn), Skr. हंस (haṃsá), Lat. ānser, Ir. géiss/gé, Eng. gōs/goose, Russ. гусь (gus'), Lith. žąsis, Ltv. zoss, Gm. gans/Gans, Old Prussian sansy, Goth. gansus, ON gás, Av. zā, Polish gęś, Alb. gatë |
| *ǵʰasdʰo- | stick | Russ. жердь (žerd'), Ir. gat, Goth. gazds, ON gaddr, Eng. gād/goad, Gm. gart/Gart, Skt. hinvoti |
| *ǵʰasto- | hand | Eng. gerd/yard, Lat. hestos; hasta; praestō, Umbrian hostatu, Ir. gass/gas, Lith. pa-žastẽ, Skt. hástas, Avest. zasta, Pers. dasta/ |
| *ǵʰel- | to shine | Lat. helvus; fel, Lith. gelta; žalias; želta, Ltv. dzeltens; zaļš; zelts, Russ. жёлтый; зелёный; золото (žëltyj; zelënyj; zoloto), Gm. gelo/gelb; gold/Gold, Phryg. zelkia, Eng. geolu/yellow; gold/gold, Alb. dhelpër/dhelpën, Welsh gwelw, Ir. gel/gealach, Polish żółty; zielony; złoto, Gk. χλωρός (khlōrós), ON gulr; gull, Pers. /zard; daraniya/, Av. zaray; zaranya, Goth. gulþ, Skr. हरि (hári); हिरण्य (hiraṇya), Old Prussian gelatynan; saligan; sealtmeno, OCS злато (zlato); зєлєнъ (zelenŭ) |
| *ǵʰelun-eh₂- | pine | Gk. χεῖλος (kheilos), Arm. ձեղուն (jełun), ON giolnar, Lith. pušis, Ir. /giúis |
| *ǵʰer- | bowels | Lat. hernia, Skr. हिर (híra), Gk. χορδή (khordḗ), ON gǫrn, Gm. garn/Garn, Eng. gearn/yarn, Arm. ձառ (jaṙ), Lith. žarna, Ltv. zarna, Hitt. karat, Alb. zorrë |
| *ǵʰer- | to enclose | Lith. gardas; žardas, Ltv. zārds, Phryg. gordum, Lat. hortus, Skr. हरति (harati), Welsh garth, Eng. geard/yard, Gm. garto/Garten, ON garðr, Gk. χόρτος (khórtos), Ir. gort, Oscan herííad, Gaul. gorto, Hitt. gurtas, Goth. garda, Alb. gardh, Russ. город (gorod), Toch. /kerccī, Avest. gərədha |
| *ǵʰers- | rigid | Alb. derr, Skr. हर्षते (harṣate), Av. zaršayamna, Arm. ձար (jar), Gk. χέρσος (khersos), Lat. horrēo, Ir. garb/garbh, Welsh garw, Eng. gorst/ |
| *ǵʰew- | pour | Lat. fūtis; fundo, Gk. χύνω (khunō); khylós, Skr. जुहोति (juhóti), Goth. giutan, Gm. giozan/giessen, Eng. guttas/gut, ON gjóta, Arm. ձեւ (jew), ձոյլ (joyl), Av. zaotar, Pers. zōr, Toch. kutär/ku, Welsh gewai, Alb. dyllë, Phryg. Zeuman; *ǵʰuto- (“poured, libated”) |
| *ǵʰwel- | to bend | Ltv. nuožvelnus, Ltv. zvelt, Russ. злой (zloj), Polish zły, Skr. ह्वरति (hvarati), Av. zbarəmnəm, Pers. /zūr |
| *ǵʰwen- | to sound | OCS звонъ (zvonŭ), Russ. звон (zvon), Arm. ձայն (jayn), Alb. zë/zâ, Toch. kaṁ/kene, Polish dzwon, Lith. žvengti, Ltv. zviegt |
| *ǵʰwer- | beast | Lat. ferus, OCS звѣрь (zvěrĭ), Russ. зверь (zver'), Lith. žvėris. Ltv. zvērs, Gk. θήρ (thēr), Polish zwierzę, Old Prussian swīrins, Toch. śaru/śerwe |
| *ǵʰéy-mn̥- | winter | Skr. हिम (himá), हेमन्त (hemantá), Lat. hiems, Gk. χεῖμα (kheîma), Gaul. Giamillus, OCS зима (zima), Russ. зима (zima), Polish zima, Lith. žiema, Ltv. ziema, Old Prussian semo, Av. zimo, Arm. ձմեռն (jmeṙn), Alb. dimër/dimën, Kamviri zẽ, Pers. /زمستان (zemestān), Toch. śärme/śimpriye, Welsh gaeaf, Ir. gamh/geimhreadh, Hitt. 𒄀𒈠𒀭 (giman), ON gói, Pers. dai, Eng. gamol/ |
| *ǵʰés-ro- | hand | Lat. hīr, Hitt. keššar, Lyc. izre, Luw. iššari-, Gk. χείρ (kheir), Arm. ձեռն (jeṙn), Kamviri düšt, Alb. dorë, Toch. tsar/ṣar, Thrac heris |