Appendix:Livonian declension

This page is intended to list examples of entries of Livonian nominals by their type (as classified by Viitso in LEL) to serve as examples on what the layout should look like, what template to choose for that type, etc.

{{liv-decl}} is a template that should work for all types 1-242 with only the inflection type number and a respelling in the same format as for the headword line.

Older templates

Entries with templates that have a form generation subpage should be favored over entries with templates that don't have such a subpage. The first category includes {{liv-decl-noun}}, {{liv-decl-noun-kim}}, {{liv-decl-noun-pū}} and {{liv-decl-noun-manual}}.

{{liv-decl-noun-reg}} actually doesn't have its own forms generation page but since this is the "default" declension template:liv-decl-noun/forms can be used without providing any params, e.g., {{liv-decl-noun/forms|āigast||Noun}}

Cases

Livonian has eight nominal cases: nominative, genitive, partitive, dative (or essive), instrumental (or translative-comitative), illative, inessive and elative.

Some nominals, e.g. mǭ, also have external locative cases (allative, adessive and ablative).

Instructive, abessive, lative, essive and exessive forms exist for some nominals (e.g. instructive for jālga), but these forms are practically considered adverbs rather than inflected forms.

The unstressed õ in the inessive and elative endings may be dropped in some cases, resulting in variation. LEL has standardized these, but often the variation is even more general.

Examples

Types are listed below with at least one example entry for each:

Type	Example	Type	Example	Type	Example	Type	Example	Type	Example
1	mis	51	kupšā	101	täm	151	līem	201	sēmi
2	jegā	52	tšūrtša	102	niŗț	152	a’m	202	lē’mi
3	mū	53	sēmḑa	103	kuļ	153	azūm	203	alīz
4	se	54	tīera	104	paņ	154	võțīm	204	nȭŗkõz
5	tämā	55	krǭipa	105	daņtš	155	kǭņim	205	katūks
6	minā	56	lilla	106	kouš	156	ētam	206	āndõks
7	sinā	57	kuțā	107	spleiš	157	sidām	207	kēratõks
8	kis	58	nētša	108	veis	158	tūoitõg	208	ä’bțõks
9	ī’ž	59	ki’v	109	pȯis	159	kǭrand	209	vaŗīkš
10	midāgõd	60	kuo’ig	110	kiļg	160	ȭ’dõg	210	ukš
11	mits	61	käp	111	vȯļg	161	taptõd	211	läpš
12	pū	62	kruțk	112	täuž	162	tī’edõd	212	ro’vz
13	rǭ’	63	krämp	113	vaŗž	163	vīdõz	213	tu’ļ
14	pǟ	64	pi’ņ	114	pierz	164	īdtuoistõnz	214	tūļ
15	tīe	65	kuoț	115	võrgõ	165	ī’dõksmõz	215	kēļ
16	brī	66	vakț	116	jõugõ	166	mīez	216	pūol
17	tei	67	reņ	117	vȭidag	167	ro’vz	217	ikš
18	kalā	68	okš	118	sieldõ	168	käbrāz	218	kakš
19	tubā, amā	69	kaš	119	nǭ’gõ	169	maigāz	219	ūž
20	aigā	70	duņtš	120	aššõ	170	nõtkāz	220	sēņ
21	lēba	71	torī	121	drū’ošõ	171	rikāz	221	jūŗ
22	pūoga	72	va’g	122	so’v	172	bikšāz	222	sūr
23	lǭja	73	kõ’l	123	kǭj	173	āmbaz	223	sēr
24	pǟva	74	su’g	124	ǭ’j	174	pūŗaz	224	birkov
25	izā, piezā	75	jou’g	125	irm	175	pǭļaz	225	salāj
26	ažā	76	ni’m	126	kim	176	rēnaz	226	umārz
27	āļdža	77	usk	127	vȯņ	177	tōvaz	227	dullõnz
28	sukā	78	vašk	128	va’it	178	pūoraz	228	a’bbõnz
29	liepā	79	tup	129	amāt	179	mõtkõz	229	aņgõrz
30	oksā	80	maks	130	kultūr	180	vȭrõz	230	ka’ggõrz
31	vȱntsa	81	lu’m	131	sa’gdit	181	arāgõz	231	pǟgiņž
32	liestā	82	mie’r	132	viļt	182	ä’ggõz	232	vagāŗ
33	āiga, lānga	83	me’r	133	eļ	183	pū’dõz	233	tidār
34	sīlma	84	mu’r	134	blē’ḑ	184	vīetšõz	234	pēgal
35	kǟnga, ǟrga	85	kuo’d	135	fakt	185	lǭ’tšõz	235	appõn
36	āina	86	su’ž	136	tas	186	sēji	236	ǭ’rõn
37	vēna	87	ke’ž	137	neitst	187	akkiji	237	kīndõr
38	rōda	88	ve’ž	138	sīend	188	lē’ji	238	bä’zmõr
39	padā	89	ku’ž	139	lǟ’nd	189	tuļļi	239	tarīļ
40	sõbrā	90	ruzū	140	āigast	190	lä’bḑi	240	ānkaŗ
41	käpā	91	radio	141	analīz	191	nai	241	virpõļ
42	maksā	92	ang	142	nī’em	192	a’igi	242	ǭ’biļ
43	kēra	93	kouv	143	jaļkš	193	pu’nni
44	jǭra	94	kand	144	viš	194	kațki
45	pūola	95	pȯrt	145	rū’tš	195	kukki
46	āita	96	nuŗm	146	tē’ḑ	196	aigi
47	ūška	97	laint	147	lē’ḑ	197	ouki
48	mȭka	98	loul	148	kīntš	198	paŗī
49	dadžā	99	ul	149	kǭņtš	199	tūļi
50	sušā	100	pan	150	lēņtš	200	kērabi

Correspondence

The newer livonian.tech (Lībiešu-latviešu-igauņu vārdnīca, LLI) dictionary uses a slightly different numbering for declensions. The following table maps between the LEL and LLI types:

LEL	LLI	LEL	LLI	LEL	LLI	LEL	LLI	LEL	LLI	LEL	LLI	LEL	LLI	LEL	LLI	LEL	LLI
1	1	28	28	55	55	82	82	109	109	136	132	163	156	190	179	217	203
2	2	29	29	56	56	83	83	110	110	137	133	164	157	191	180	218	204
3	3	30	30	57	57	84	84	111	111	138	134	165	156’	192	181	219	205
4	4	31	31	58	58	85	85	112	112	139	135	166	158	193	182	220	206
5	5	32	32	59	59	86	86	113	113	140	136	167	159	194	183	221	207
6	6	33	33	60	60	87	87	114	114	141	137	168	160	195	182	222	208
7	7	34	34	61	61	88	88	115	115	142	137	169	161	196	184	223	209
8	8	35	35	62	62	89	89	116	116	143	138	170	162	197	185	224	210
9	9	36	36	63	63	90	90	117	117	144	139	171	163	198	186	225	211
10	10	37	37	64	64	91	91	118	118	145	138’	172	164	199	187	226	212
11	11	38	38	65	65	92	92	119	118’	146	140	173	165	200	187’	227	213
12	12	39	39	66	66	93	93	120	119	147	141	174	166	201	188	228	213’
13	13	40	40	67	67	94	94	121	119’	148	142	175	167	202	188’	229	214
14	14	41	41	68	68	95	95	122	120	149	143	176	168	203	189	230	214’
15	15	42	42	69	69	96	96	123	121	150	144	177	169	204	190	231	215
16	16	43	43	70	70	97	97	124	121’	151	145	178	170	205	191	232	216
17	17	44	44	71	71	98	98	125	122	152	146	179	171	206	192	233	217
18	18	45	45	72	72	99	99	126	123	153	147	180	172	207	193	234	218
19	19	46	46	73	73	100	100	127	124	154	148	181	173	208	192’	235	219
20	20	47	47	74	74	101	101	128	125	155	149	182	173’	209	194	236	219’
21	21	48	48	75	75	102	102	129	126	156	150	183	172’	210	196	237	220
22	22	49	49	76	76	103	103	130	127	157	151	184	174	211	197	238	220’
23	23	50	50	77	77	104	104	131	137’	158	152	185	174’	212	198	239	221
24	24	51	51	78	78	105	105	132	128	159	152	186	175	213	199	240	222
25	25	52	52	79	79	106	106	133	129	160	153	187	176	214	200	241	223
26	26	53	53	80	80	107	107	134	130	161	154	188	176’	215	201	242	223’
27	27	54	54	81	81	108	108	135	131	162	155	189	182’	216	202	?	195

If a LLI type maps to multiple LEL types, then it should be safe to use any of them.

LLI shows an apostrophe at the end of some inflection types if the word has broken tone.