Appendix:Proto-Chadic reconstructions
The following list of Proto-Chadic reconstructions is from Jungraithmayr and Ibriszimow (1994). Most represents roots rather than actual reconstructions of words, and may be superseded by more recent research.
List
[edit]| Gloss | Proto-Chadic |
|---|---|
| ashes | *bt- |
| bark | *krp |
| bark | *ɓ-r |
| beat, pound, kill | *dwk |
| bird | *yɗ |
| blood | *br |
| body | *zk |
| bone | *ƙs₃ |
| burn | *kɗ |
| cat | *patu |
| come, go | *b₂- |
| come, go | *l- |
| cow, buffalo | *ɬ- |
| crocodile | *kdm |
| cut | *pt |
| cut | *ɬ₂wl |
| die | *mwt |
| do, make | *gə́n- |
| do, make | *ly |
| do, make | *ɗm |
| dog | *kɗn |
| drink | *s₂w- |
| ear | *km/*ɬm |
| earth | *ƙɬɗ |
| eat hard things | *hrɗ |
| eat soft things | *twy |
| eye | *ydn |
| fall | *d₂- |
| fall | *g₂ɮ |
| finger | *kl- |
| fire | *-kw |
| fish | *klp |
| five | *bɗʸɬ |
| flower | *pl |
| fly (insect) | *ƙdb |
| four | *-pɗ |
| full, fill | *wn |
| give | *br |
| give birth | *yw/*wy |
| goat | *wk-/*kw- |
| hair | *yàɗ |
| hand | *ƙmn |
| head | *kɗn |
| hear | *d₂gw |
| hole | *bk |
| house | *b-n |
| hunger | *my |
| know | *s-n |
| laugh | *gms₂ |
| lick | *lkɗ |
| man, husband, person | *mtm |
| meat | *ɬw |
| moon | *t-r |
| mouth | *bk |
| name | *s₃m |
| neck | *gɗʸr |
| new | *mrb |
| night | *bɗ |
| nose | *ntn |
| one | *kɗn |
| open | *wn |
| rat | *ksm |
| ripen | *nwk |
| root, vein, medicine | *ɬ₂rw |
| saliva | *ylk |
| sand | *gʷsk |
| see | *ngn |
| seed | *bdr/*bzr |
| sheep | *tmk |
| sit | *dmn |
| skin | *k-d |
| skin | *zm |
| sleep | *(w)sn/*swn |
| spit | *tp |
| stand (up) | *wɬk |
| sun | *p-t |
| tail | *kṣr |
| ten | *gʷm/*gʷ-m |
| three | *knɗ |
| tongue | *ls₃- |
| tooth | *s₃n |
| tooth | *ƙ-d |
| two | *sr |
| water | *ymn |
References
[edit]- Jungraithmayr, Herrmann; Ibriszimow, Dymitr (1994), Chadic Lexical Roots. Tentative reconstruction, grading, distribution and comments. (Sprache und Oralität in Afrika; 20), volume I, Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag